Skin wound management and new treatment therapies in dogs and cats
Authorship
C.A.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.A.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:30
07.17.2025 09:30
Summary
Cutaneous wounds are traumatic injuries caused by a mechanical agent that result in the disruption of the skin. Their high frecuency in veterinary practice highlights the importance of proper management. Inadecuate handling can lead to complications such as infections, dehiscence or chronicity, which prolong wound healing, negatively impact the patient’s quality of life and generate unnecesary additional costs. Wounds can be classified according to numerous criteria, such as direction, depht, shape or mechanism of injury. However, from a therapeutic perspective, the most relevant classification is based on the degree of contamination. Thus, in increasing order of severity, cutaneous wounds can be classified as clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty and infected. The systematic approach to wound management is based on the TIME concept (from Tissue, Infection or Inflammation, Moisture, Edge), which addresses the main aspects to assess in order to prepare the wound bed and promote optimal healing. In general, wound management begins whith patient stabilization, followed by wound bed preparation (including hair clipping, cleaning and debridement), determining the appropiate timing of closure and applying dressings and bandages. In recent years, human medicine has made significant advances in the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving wound healing. These advances are gradually being introduced into the veterinary field. Among the most promising therapies are negative wound pressure, photobiomodulation, ozone therapy and cold atmospheric plasma. These techniques have de ability to stimulate celular regeneration and, in many cases, also exert some antimicrobial effects. Despite the potential they show, scientific evidence in veterinary medicine for most of these therapies is still limited. Therefore, further research is needed to validate their efficacy and safety before they can be routinely implemented in clinical veterinary practice.
Cutaneous wounds are traumatic injuries caused by a mechanical agent that result in the disruption of the skin. Their high frecuency in veterinary practice highlights the importance of proper management. Inadecuate handling can lead to complications such as infections, dehiscence or chronicity, which prolong wound healing, negatively impact the patient’s quality of life and generate unnecesary additional costs. Wounds can be classified according to numerous criteria, such as direction, depht, shape or mechanism of injury. However, from a therapeutic perspective, the most relevant classification is based on the degree of contamination. Thus, in increasing order of severity, cutaneous wounds can be classified as clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty and infected. The systematic approach to wound management is based on the TIME concept (from Tissue, Infection or Inflammation, Moisture, Edge), which addresses the main aspects to assess in order to prepare the wound bed and promote optimal healing. In general, wound management begins whith patient stabilization, followed by wound bed preparation (including hair clipping, cleaning and debridement), determining the appropiate timing of closure and applying dressings and bandages. In recent years, human medicine has made significant advances in the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving wound healing. These advances are gradually being introduced into the veterinary field. Among the most promising therapies are negative wound pressure, photobiomodulation, ozone therapy and cold atmospheric plasma. These techniques have de ability to stimulate celular regeneration and, in many cases, also exert some antimicrobial effects. Despite the potential they show, scientific evidence in veterinary medicine for most of these therapies is still limited. Therefore, further research is needed to validate their efficacy and safety before they can be routinely implemented in clinical veterinary practice.
Direction
LÓPEZ BECEIRO, ANA MARÍA (Tutorships)
LÓPEZ BECEIRO, ANA MARÍA (Tutorships)
Court
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Member)
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Member)
Tenebrio molitor: Development, breeding conditions and marketing opportunities
Authorship
A.A.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.A.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:30
07.17.2025 09:30
Summary
T. molitor larvae are the first insect approved in Spain by the EFSA under Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 on novel foods, which legitimizes their marketing and consumption within the European Union. From an environmental perspective, their production stands out for its significantly reduced carbon footprint compared to conventional livestock farming: it requires less water, space, and energy, and generates far fewer CO2 emissions per kilogram of protein obtained, aligning with the sustainability goals set by the European Commission. For this low environmental impact to translate into real profitability, this literature review will examine the critical importance of optimizing rearing conditions. The parameters that maximize productivity will be described: temperature, relative humidity, photoperiod, larval density, diet formulation and management, noting that small adjustments to these factors can double growth rate, improve feed conversion, and increase final protein content. In addition to describing its life cycle and management requirements, the current commercial applications of T. molitor flours in human and animal feed are discussed, as well as potential drawbacks: allergenicity, microbiological risks, and contaminants if appropriate diets are not formulated, as well as its still limited cultural acceptance. Through well-controlled breeding processes, Tenebrio molitor can become a viable and sustainable protein alternative that contributes to dietary diversification and reduces the environmental impact of the food system.
T. molitor larvae are the first insect approved in Spain by the EFSA under Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 on novel foods, which legitimizes their marketing and consumption within the European Union. From an environmental perspective, their production stands out for its significantly reduced carbon footprint compared to conventional livestock farming: it requires less water, space, and energy, and generates far fewer CO2 emissions per kilogram of protein obtained, aligning with the sustainability goals set by the European Commission. For this low environmental impact to translate into real profitability, this literature review will examine the critical importance of optimizing rearing conditions. The parameters that maximize productivity will be described: temperature, relative humidity, photoperiod, larval density, diet formulation and management, noting that small adjustments to these factors can double growth rate, improve feed conversion, and increase final protein content. In addition to describing its life cycle and management requirements, the current commercial applications of T. molitor flours in human and animal feed are discussed, as well as potential drawbacks: allergenicity, microbiological risks, and contaminants if appropriate diets are not formulated, as well as its still limited cultural acceptance. Through well-controlled breeding processes, Tenebrio molitor can become a viable and sustainable protein alternative that contributes to dietary diversification and reduces the environmental impact of the food system.
Direction
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Member)
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Member)
The role of microbiome in cancer development: A comprehensive approach from a One Health perpspective
Authorship
A.C.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.C.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:30
07.17.2025 09:30
Summary
Cancer represent one of the major global health challenges, affecting both humans and animals due to its high incidence and mortality. Recent studies have shown that tumors in canine and feline species serve as valuable models because of their spontaneous origin, clinical progression and immune response. In this context, the study of new factors involved in carcinogénesis has gained relevance, among which the microbiome stands out. The microbiome is involved in the regulation os various physiological and pathological processes, and cancer is no exception. In different species, dysbiosis (understood as an imbalance in the composition and function of the microbiome). Has a strong influence on the onset and progression of disease, as well on the response to an toxicity of oncological treatments. Companion animal also exhibit similarities in the composition and functionality of ther microbiome compared to humans, reinforcing their usefulness as models for studying the interaction betwween microbiota, cancer and immunotherapy. From a One Health perspective, the study of the microbiome not only provides a deeper understanding of tumor development, but also opens new opportunities to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment in both human and veterinary medicine. For this reason, the present work aims to carry out an updated and comparative literatue reviww on the role of the microbiome in carcinogénesis and in the response to oncological treatment, exploring its traslacional potencial across species.
Cancer represent one of the major global health challenges, affecting both humans and animals due to its high incidence and mortality. Recent studies have shown that tumors in canine and feline species serve as valuable models because of their spontaneous origin, clinical progression and immune response. In this context, the study of new factors involved in carcinogénesis has gained relevance, among which the microbiome stands out. The microbiome is involved in the regulation os various physiological and pathological processes, and cancer is no exception. In different species, dysbiosis (understood as an imbalance in the composition and function of the microbiome). Has a strong influence on the onset and progression of disease, as well on the response to an toxicity of oncological treatments. Companion animal also exhibit similarities in the composition and functionality of ther microbiome compared to humans, reinforcing their usefulness as models for studying the interaction betwween microbiota, cancer and immunotherapy. From a One Health perspective, the study of the microbiome not only provides a deeper understanding of tumor development, but also opens new opportunities to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment in both human and veterinary medicine. For this reason, the present work aims to carry out an updated and comparative literatue reviww on the role of the microbiome in carcinogénesis and in the response to oncological treatment, exploring its traslacional potencial across species.
Direction
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Tutorships)
LÓPEZ ALONSO, MARÍA MARTA (Tutorships)
Court
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Member)
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Member)
Determination of faecal cortisol metabolites as a biomarker of heat stress in dairy cattle in Galicia.
Authorship
L.D.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.D.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:30
07.17.2025 09:30
Summary
The world is currently facing a climate emergency. Since the pre-industrial era, the planet's temperature has increased by approximately 1.05C. This increase is having visible effects in regions of northern Spain, such as Galicia, where the year 2023 was classified as extremely hot. This situation has had multiple negative impacts on dairy cattle farming, as cows are especially vulnerable to the stress generated by high temperatures, resulting in significant economic losses in a sector that constitutes one of the fundamental pillars of the Galician economy. This study was conducted on four dairy farms located in the municipality of Castro de Rei, Lugo. The main purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of measuring faecal cortisol metabolites as a non-invasive biomarker of heat stress in dairy cattle in Galicia.First, Temperature and Humidity Indices (THI) were calculated using temperature and relative humidity measurements during four winter months (January, February, March, and April) and four summer months (June, July, August, and September) of 2023, to determine whether cows were subjected to heat stress. Fecal samples were also taken noninvasively at four different stages of the transition period: one month before calving, one week before calving, one week postpartum, and one month postpartum. This study aimed to analyze how heat stress, derived from increased temperature and relative humidity, can intensify the physiological stress characteristic of this critical stage in the life of production cows. In addition, factors such as facility management and design were analyzed to determine how they could generate additional stress in the animals. Data were analyzed using a mixed-design repeated-measures ANOVA (SPSS v28). This study demonstrated the changes that occur in the endocrine axis of cows during the transition period, which are most pronounced in the prepartum period, by measuring fecal cortisol metabolites associated with management conditions. It also demonstrated that animals are subjected to heat stress during the summer months, which produces an additional stress response at this vulnerable physiological stage.
The world is currently facing a climate emergency. Since the pre-industrial era, the planet's temperature has increased by approximately 1.05C. This increase is having visible effects in regions of northern Spain, such as Galicia, where the year 2023 was classified as extremely hot. This situation has had multiple negative impacts on dairy cattle farming, as cows are especially vulnerable to the stress generated by high temperatures, resulting in significant economic losses in a sector that constitutes one of the fundamental pillars of the Galician economy. This study was conducted on four dairy farms located in the municipality of Castro de Rei, Lugo. The main purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of measuring faecal cortisol metabolites as a non-invasive biomarker of heat stress in dairy cattle in Galicia.First, Temperature and Humidity Indices (THI) were calculated using temperature and relative humidity measurements during four winter months (January, February, March, and April) and four summer months (June, July, August, and September) of 2023, to determine whether cows were subjected to heat stress. Fecal samples were also taken noninvasively at four different stages of the transition period: one month before calving, one week before calving, one week postpartum, and one month postpartum. This study aimed to analyze how heat stress, derived from increased temperature and relative humidity, can intensify the physiological stress characteristic of this critical stage in the life of production cows. In addition, factors such as facility management and design were analyzed to determine how they could generate additional stress in the animals. Data were analyzed using a mixed-design repeated-measures ANOVA (SPSS v28). This study demonstrated the changes that occur in the endocrine axis of cows during the transition period, which are most pronounced in the prepartum period, by measuring fecal cortisol metabolites associated with management conditions. It also demonstrated that animals are subjected to heat stress during the summer months, which produces an additional stress response at this vulnerable physiological stage.
Direction
CASTILLO RODRÍGUEZ, CRISTINA (Tutorships)
CASTILLO RODRÍGUEZ, CRISTINA (Tutorships)
Court
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Member)
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Member)
Transition period in dairy cattle.
Authorship
M.E.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.E.S.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:30
07.17.2025 09:30
Summary
This undergraduate thesis consists of a comprehensive literature review focused on the transition period in high-producing dairy cows. It represents a critical phase of the production cycle during which the animal undergoes a series of physiological, hormonal, metabolic, nutritional, productive, and behavioural adaptations in response to the increased demands associated with the onset of lactation. These adaptations fall within the concept of homeorhesis. The main changes occurring in the peripartum period are analysed, notably the alterations in energy requirements that lead to a phase of negative energy balance accompanied by profound metabolic and hormonal adjustments. Behavioural changes characteristic of this stage are also addressed, with particular emphasis on the marked reduction in dry matter intake prior to calving. This phenomenon is examined in detail, along with the regulatory mechanisms involved, and the crucial role played by body condition in the reduction of feed consumption is explored. Various strategies aimed at preventing excessive body condition and maximising intake during this phase are presented. Additionally, the traditional dry period model is critically reviewed, with consideration given to innovative alternatives such as shortening or even omitting this phase. The thesis also delves into calcium metabolism, whose demand increases dramatically at the onset of lactation. The nature of this imbalance is analysed, and preventative strategies to avoid metabolic disorders such as hypocalcaemia are described. Finally, the characteristic immunosuppression of the peripartum period is discussed, a factor that increases susceptibility to infections and diseases. A review of the main pathologies associated with this particularly vulnerable stage of the production cycle is provided.
This undergraduate thesis consists of a comprehensive literature review focused on the transition period in high-producing dairy cows. It represents a critical phase of the production cycle during which the animal undergoes a series of physiological, hormonal, metabolic, nutritional, productive, and behavioural adaptations in response to the increased demands associated with the onset of lactation. These adaptations fall within the concept of homeorhesis. The main changes occurring in the peripartum period are analysed, notably the alterations in energy requirements that lead to a phase of negative energy balance accompanied by profound metabolic and hormonal adjustments. Behavioural changes characteristic of this stage are also addressed, with particular emphasis on the marked reduction in dry matter intake prior to calving. This phenomenon is examined in detail, along with the regulatory mechanisms involved, and the crucial role played by body condition in the reduction of feed consumption is explored. Various strategies aimed at preventing excessive body condition and maximising intake during this phase are presented. Additionally, the traditional dry period model is critically reviewed, with consideration given to innovative alternatives such as shortening or even omitting this phase. The thesis also delves into calcium metabolism, whose demand increases dramatically at the onset of lactation. The nature of this imbalance is analysed, and preventative strategies to avoid metabolic disorders such as hypocalcaemia are described. Finally, the characteristic immunosuppression of the peripartum period is discussed, a factor that increases susceptibility to infections and diseases. A review of the main pathologies associated with this particularly vulnerable stage of the production cycle is provided.
Direction
MIRANDA CASTAÑON, MARTA INES (Tutorships)
MIRANDA CASTAÑON, MARTA INES (Tutorships)
Court
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Member)
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Member)
New techniques in the treatment of elbow dysplasia
Authorship
A.F.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.F.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Elbow dysplasia is a hereditary, polygenic and multifactorial orthopedic disease that primarily affects young dogs of large and giant breeds. It is characterized by a combination of joint lesions such as medial coronoid process disease, osteochondritis dissecans, ununited anconeal process, joint incongruity and medial compartment disease. Currently, there is no curative treatment that completely halts the progression of osteoarthritis associated with elbow dysplasia. Therefore, therapeutic interventions are mainly aimed at slowing this progression, relieving pain, and improving the patient´s quality of life. The selection of the most appropriate treatment must be made based on the individual needs, taking into account factors such as the specific etiology and present dysplastic lesions, the animal´s age and the degree of joint involvement and osteoarthritis, among others. Moreover, many of the described techniques lack comparative studies between each other or long-term efficacy data, which complicates treatment selection.
Elbow dysplasia is a hereditary, polygenic and multifactorial orthopedic disease that primarily affects young dogs of large and giant breeds. It is characterized by a combination of joint lesions such as medial coronoid process disease, osteochondritis dissecans, ununited anconeal process, joint incongruity and medial compartment disease. Currently, there is no curative treatment that completely halts the progression of osteoarthritis associated with elbow dysplasia. Therefore, therapeutic interventions are mainly aimed at slowing this progression, relieving pain, and improving the patient´s quality of life. The selection of the most appropriate treatment must be made based on the individual needs, taking into account factors such as the specific etiology and present dysplastic lesions, the animal´s age and the degree of joint involvement and osteoarthritis, among others. Moreover, many of the described techniques lack comparative studies between each other or long-term efficacy data, which complicates treatment selection.
Direction
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Tutorships)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Tutorships)
PERMUY MENDAÑA, MARIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
Insects as food ingredients
Authorship
J.F.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
J.F.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
In the context of current challenges related to sustainability, climate change and population growth, the search for alternative sources of protein has become a global priority. In this context, the use of insects as food ingredients represents a viable, efficient and ecologically sustainable alternative. This paper comprehensively reviews the use of edible insects in both human and animal food, with special emphasis on the role of the veterinarian in this new food scenario. The literature review, developed under the PRISMA approach, gathers recent evidence on the nutrition, production, food safety, consumer perception and legal framework of edible insects. More than 2,000 insect species traditionally consumed in Asia, Africa and Latin America are identified, highlighting species approved by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), such as Tenebrio molitor, Acheta domesticus and Locusta migratoria. From a veterinary point of view, the main technical and sanitary aspects of industrial insect production are analysed: biosecurity control, substrate quality, animal welfare and traceability. The potential of insects as feed ingredients for aquaculture, poultry and pigs, in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/893, is also addressed. In this context, the veterinarian plays an essential role in hygienic-sanitary supervision, validation of welfare protocols, and development of self monitoring systems such as HACCP. The paper also examines the health risks associated with insect consumption, including possible biological, chemical and allergenic contamination, and highlights the need for veterinary surveillance to ensure food safety. It also analyses Western consumer perception, influenced by cultural, sensory and emotional factors, and proposes the veterinarian as a key player in food education and promotion of sustainable consumption. Finally, the current EU regulatory framework for ‘novel foods’ and its application to edible insects is presented, highlighting opportunities for veterinary involvement in regulation, control and public education. In conclusion, insects offer a promising alternative as a protein source, with nutritional, environmental and economic benefits. Their safe and ethical integration into the food chain requires the direct involvement of the veterinarian as guarantor of public health, animal welfare and sustainability of food systems.
In the context of current challenges related to sustainability, climate change and population growth, the search for alternative sources of protein has become a global priority. In this context, the use of insects as food ingredients represents a viable, efficient and ecologically sustainable alternative. This paper comprehensively reviews the use of edible insects in both human and animal food, with special emphasis on the role of the veterinarian in this new food scenario. The literature review, developed under the PRISMA approach, gathers recent evidence on the nutrition, production, food safety, consumer perception and legal framework of edible insects. More than 2,000 insect species traditionally consumed in Asia, Africa and Latin America are identified, highlighting species approved by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), such as Tenebrio molitor, Acheta domesticus and Locusta migratoria. From a veterinary point of view, the main technical and sanitary aspects of industrial insect production are analysed: biosecurity control, substrate quality, animal welfare and traceability. The potential of insects as feed ingredients for aquaculture, poultry and pigs, in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/893, is also addressed. In this context, the veterinarian plays an essential role in hygienic-sanitary supervision, validation of welfare protocols, and development of self monitoring systems such as HACCP. The paper also examines the health risks associated with insect consumption, including possible biological, chemical and allergenic contamination, and highlights the need for veterinary surveillance to ensure food safety. It also analyses Western consumer perception, influenced by cultural, sensory and emotional factors, and proposes the veterinarian as a key player in food education and promotion of sustainable consumption. Finally, the current EU regulatory framework for ‘novel foods’ and its application to edible insects is presented, highlighting opportunities for veterinary involvement in regulation, control and public education. In conclusion, insects offer a promising alternative as a protein source, with nutritional, environmental and economic benefits. Their safe and ethical integration into the food chain requires the direct involvement of the veterinarian as guarantor of public health, animal welfare and sustainability of food systems.
Direction
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to Nasal Tumors in Dogs and Cats.
Authorship
L.F.E.
Bachelor in Veterinary
L.F.E.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Nasal tumors in companion animals represent a significant clinical challenge due to their locally invasive nature and the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties they present. Although relatively rare, their anatomical location and aggressive behavior make a multidisciplinary approach essential. From a diagnostic perspective, imaging techniques are crucial. Computed tomography (CT) is considered the gold standard for evaluating tumor extension, identifying bone invasion (such as the cribriform plate or frontal bone), and planning treatments like radiotherapy, although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) an emergent alternative. Both have largely replaced conventional radiography. Nasal biopsy is essential for confirming the diagnosis and determining the histological type, which guides both prognosis and the choice of targeted therapies. Clinical signs (such as epistaxis, nasal stertor, or facial deformity) are often nonspecific but should be considered early warning signs. Regarding treatment, megavoltage radiotherapy is currently the most effective modality, allowing for local disease control and significantly increasing survival time. Treatment protocols are based on dose fractionation, which has shown improved outcomes. Surgery has important limitations due to the difficulty in achieving clean surgical margins, though it may be used as a palliative or decompressive measure in selected cases. Chemotherapy, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as toceranib or masitinib, is emerging as a promising adjuvant therapy. Prognostic factors such as cribriform plate destruction, advanced age, or the presence of metastases remain under investigation, and their relevance may vary depending on the institution or therapeutic protocol. Despite recent advances, limitations persist, including a lack of large-scale studies, tumor heterogeneity, and the absence of standardized treatment guidelines.
Nasal tumors in companion animals represent a significant clinical challenge due to their locally invasive nature and the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties they present. Although relatively rare, their anatomical location and aggressive behavior make a multidisciplinary approach essential. From a diagnostic perspective, imaging techniques are crucial. Computed tomography (CT) is considered the gold standard for evaluating tumor extension, identifying bone invasion (such as the cribriform plate or frontal bone), and planning treatments like radiotherapy, although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) an emergent alternative. Both have largely replaced conventional radiography. Nasal biopsy is essential for confirming the diagnosis and determining the histological type, which guides both prognosis and the choice of targeted therapies. Clinical signs (such as epistaxis, nasal stertor, or facial deformity) are often nonspecific but should be considered early warning signs. Regarding treatment, megavoltage radiotherapy is currently the most effective modality, allowing for local disease control and significantly increasing survival time. Treatment protocols are based on dose fractionation, which has shown improved outcomes. Surgery has important limitations due to the difficulty in achieving clean surgical margins, though it may be used as a palliative or decompressive measure in selected cases. Chemotherapy, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as toceranib or masitinib, is emerging as a promising adjuvant therapy. Prognostic factors such as cribriform plate destruction, advanced age, or the presence of metastases remain under investigation, and their relevance may vary depending on the institution or therapeutic protocol. Despite recent advances, limitations persist, including a lack of large-scale studies, tumor heterogeneity, and the absence of standardized treatment guidelines.
Direction
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Tutorships)
Santamarina Pernas, Germán (Co-tutorships)
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Tutorships)
Santamarina Pernas, Germán (Co-tutorships)
Court
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
Endometritis in dairy cattle
Authorship
C.G.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.G.C.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
In Spain, and especially in Galicia, dairy cattle represent a major economic contribution to the sector, and its performance largely depends on reproductive efficiency. However, fertility and fecundity could be reduced with the appearance of diseases that affect the reproductive tract, among which endometritis stands out. Endometritis is defined as inflammation of the endometrial layer of the uterus, from 21 days postpartum, accompanied by purulent vaginal discharge in the absence of other systemic signs. The disease should not be ruled out if such discharge is not observed, as endometritis can be presented in clinical or subclinical form. The postpartum period represents one of the most critical moments for the animal, as the uterine environment at this time constitutes an ideal medium for the colonization of microorganisms. This, combined with an imbalance in the immune response, leads to the overgrowth of commensals of the uterine flora, such as Escherichia coli and Truepella pyogenes. In addition, factors such as negative energy balance, inadequate nutritional intake, dystocias or twin deliveries also favor its appearance. As a consequence, reproductive efficiency of the affected animals is reduced: the resumption of cyclic ovarian activity is delayed, the number of services required for conception increases, the calving-to-conception interval is extended, and lower pregnancy rates are obtained. To minimize the impact of this pathology, early detection is essential. In the case of clinical endometritis, the visualization of purulent vaginal discharge together with methods such as rectal palpation will lead us to a more immediate diagnosis. On the other hand, in the case of subclinical endometritis, more laborious techniques are needed, such as endometrial cytology, if we want to determine the percentage of affected cows. Once diagnosed, there are several therapeutic options, the main ones being antibiotics, to resolve the infection, and hormonal treatments, to stimulate reproductive function. Due to the growing threat of antibiotic resistance, various lines of research exist for the development of new alternatives, such as ozone therapy, phytotherapy, immunomodulators or probiotics, although they are still in the experimental phase. For all these reasons, it is essential to focus on prevention, implementing appropriate management practices. Among these are adequate nutritional intake during the transition period and the maintenance of proper hygiene and practices during calving, which promote good immune function and minimize contamination of the reproductive tract.
In Spain, and especially in Galicia, dairy cattle represent a major economic contribution to the sector, and its performance largely depends on reproductive efficiency. However, fertility and fecundity could be reduced with the appearance of diseases that affect the reproductive tract, among which endometritis stands out. Endometritis is defined as inflammation of the endometrial layer of the uterus, from 21 days postpartum, accompanied by purulent vaginal discharge in the absence of other systemic signs. The disease should not be ruled out if such discharge is not observed, as endometritis can be presented in clinical or subclinical form. The postpartum period represents one of the most critical moments for the animal, as the uterine environment at this time constitutes an ideal medium for the colonization of microorganisms. This, combined with an imbalance in the immune response, leads to the overgrowth of commensals of the uterine flora, such as Escherichia coli and Truepella pyogenes. In addition, factors such as negative energy balance, inadequate nutritional intake, dystocias or twin deliveries also favor its appearance. As a consequence, reproductive efficiency of the affected animals is reduced: the resumption of cyclic ovarian activity is delayed, the number of services required for conception increases, the calving-to-conception interval is extended, and lower pregnancy rates are obtained. To minimize the impact of this pathology, early detection is essential. In the case of clinical endometritis, the visualization of purulent vaginal discharge together with methods such as rectal palpation will lead us to a more immediate diagnosis. On the other hand, in the case of subclinical endometritis, more laborious techniques are needed, such as endometrial cytology, if we want to determine the percentage of affected cows. Once diagnosed, there are several therapeutic options, the main ones being antibiotics, to resolve the infection, and hormonal treatments, to stimulate reproductive function. Due to the growing threat of antibiotic resistance, various lines of research exist for the development of new alternatives, such as ozone therapy, phytotherapy, immunomodulators or probiotics, although they are still in the experimental phase. For all these reasons, it is essential to focus on prevention, implementing appropriate management practices. Among these are adequate nutritional intake during the transition period and the maintenance of proper hygiene and practices during calving, which promote good immune function and minimize contamination of the reproductive tract.
Direction
García Herradón, Pedro José (Tutorships)
YAÑEZ RAMIL, UXIA (Co-tutorships)
García Herradón, Pedro José (Tutorships)
YAÑEZ RAMIL, UXIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
Analysis of the impact of classic PRRS and Rosalia outbreaks in breeding pig farms
Authorship
J.M.H.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
J.M.H.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) continues to be the disease with the greatest economic impact on global pig production. In recent years, the emergence of highly virulent strains, such as the Rosalia variant, has increased abortion losses, perinatal mortality, and nursery losses. This study analyzes, using production data from commercial farms, the effect of a low-virulence PRRSV outbreak in contrast to other outbreaks caused by the Rosalia 3 strain. Additionally, direct losses are analyzed by quantifying the number of non-marketed piglets. The results confirm that Rosalia considerably increases production losses, highlighting a significant increase in abortions, as well as an increase in stillborn piglets, higher maternal mortality, and a lower number of weaned piglets. Furthermore, the recovery phase on farms extends beyond 30 weeks, resulting in substantial economic losses for farms affected by this strain.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) continues to be the disease with the greatest economic impact on global pig production. In recent years, the emergence of highly virulent strains, such as the Rosalia variant, has increased abortion losses, perinatal mortality, and nursery losses. This study analyzes, using production data from commercial farms, the effect of a low-virulence PRRSV outbreak in contrast to other outbreaks caused by the Rosalia 3 strain. Additionally, direct losses are analyzed by quantifying the number of non-marketed piglets. The results confirm that Rosalia considerably increases production losses, highlighting a significant increase in abortions, as well as an increase in stillborn piglets, higher maternal mortality, and a lower number of weaned piglets. Furthermore, the recovery phase on farms extends beyond 30 weeks, resulting in substantial economic losses for farms affected by this strain.
Direction
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Tutorships)
Seoane Mato, Senén (Co-tutorships)
CAZAPAL MONTEIRO, CRISTIANA FILIPA (Tutorships)
Seoane Mato, Senén (Co-tutorships)
Court
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
PANADERO FONTÁN, ROSARIO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
LOMBARDERO FERNANDEZ, MATILDE (Member)
Failure of passive transfer of immunity in the foal (Equus ferus caballus)
Authorship
I.M.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
I.M.A.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:30
07.17.2025 09:30
Summary
Failure of Passive Transfer of Immunity (FPTI) is an immunological disorder that affects the neonatal foal when there is inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins (Ig) from the mare's colostrum. The mare's placenta does not allow the passage of Ig in utero, so this condition leaves the foal at increased risk of infections, raising morbidity and mortality rates during the first weeks of life. Colostrum is the first milk secreted by the mare’s udder and has specific chemical and physical characteristics that make it essential for the transfer of passive immunity. The intestinal absorption of immune components from colostrum is active during the first 15 to 16 hours of life, after which enterocytes lose their ability to absorb Ig, which becomes null by 24 hours of age. There are multiple causes that can lead to the development of FPTI, among which the foal’s inability to ingest colostrum and the mare’s production of low-quality colostrum are particularly significant. Diagnosis of this condition is based on the determination of serum IgG concentrations. If the foal’s serum IgG level is below 400 mg/dL, it is considered a total FPTI, while values between 400 and 800 mg/dL indicate a partial FPTI. Intervention in FPTI includes, among other factors, the analysis of colostrum quality, which enables informed decision-making within the first hours of the animal's life. Supplementation with higher-quality colostrum may be required, and if FPTI is diagnosed based on serum Ig levels, a plasma transfusion will be necessary. New trends in the study of FPT focus on the development of new diagnostic methods, as well as on the modulation of colostrum quality through dietary modifications, nutritional supplements, and vaccination protocols in broodmares.
Failure of Passive Transfer of Immunity (FPTI) is an immunological disorder that affects the neonatal foal when there is inadequate absorption of immunoglobulins (Ig) from the mare's colostrum. The mare's placenta does not allow the passage of Ig in utero, so this condition leaves the foal at increased risk of infections, raising morbidity and mortality rates during the first weeks of life. Colostrum is the first milk secreted by the mare’s udder and has specific chemical and physical characteristics that make it essential for the transfer of passive immunity. The intestinal absorption of immune components from colostrum is active during the first 15 to 16 hours of life, after which enterocytes lose their ability to absorb Ig, which becomes null by 24 hours of age. There are multiple causes that can lead to the development of FPTI, among which the foal’s inability to ingest colostrum and the mare’s production of low-quality colostrum are particularly significant. Diagnosis of this condition is based on the determination of serum IgG concentrations. If the foal’s serum IgG level is below 400 mg/dL, it is considered a total FPTI, while values between 400 and 800 mg/dL indicate a partial FPTI. Intervention in FPTI includes, among other factors, the analysis of colostrum quality, which enables informed decision-making within the first hours of the animal's life. Supplementation with higher-quality colostrum may be required, and if FPTI is diagnosed based on serum Ig levels, a plasma transfusion will be necessary. New trends in the study of FPT focus on the development of new diagnostic methods, as well as on the modulation of colostrum quality through dietary modifications, nutritional supplements, and vaccination protocols in broodmares.
Direction
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Tutorships)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Co-tutorships)
SAINZ OSES, MARIA JESUS (Tutorships)
VILLANUEVA SANTAMARINA, BLANCA LIDIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)
Feline corneal sequestrum
Authorship
C.M.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
C.M.V.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:30
07.17.2025 09:30
Summary
Feline corneal sequestration (FCS), also known as corneal necrosis, focal corneal degeneration, or partial corneal mummification, is one of the most common ocular diseases in felines. It affects other species, such as horses and dogs, to a lesser extent. The lesion develops in the cornea with the loss of its transparency and the formation of a pigmented plaque on the ocular surface. The exact etiology is not known, and various hypotheses have been proposed, among which are a genetic component, chronic traumatic injuries to the cornea, and infections by feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1). The most common clinical signs are ocular pain accompanied by blepharospasm, photophobia, and epiphora. Diagnosis consists of direct visualization of the lesion through a complete ocular examination. The goal of treatment is to recover corneal transparency and relieve pain, using various techniques and medications.
Feline corneal sequestration (FCS), also known as corneal necrosis, focal corneal degeneration, or partial corneal mummification, is one of the most common ocular diseases in felines. It affects other species, such as horses and dogs, to a lesser extent. The lesion develops in the cornea with the loss of its transparency and the formation of a pigmented plaque on the ocular surface. The exact etiology is not known, and various hypotheses have been proposed, among which are a genetic component, chronic traumatic injuries to the cornea, and infections by feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1). The most common clinical signs are ocular pain accompanied by blepharospasm, photophobia, and epiphora. Diagnosis consists of direct visualization of the lesion through a complete ocular examination. The goal of treatment is to recover corneal transparency and relieve pain, using various techniques and medications.
Direction
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Tutorships)
LOPEZ GARCIA, MARIANO (Tutorships)
Court
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)
Literature review of the main congenital malformations affecting the axial skeleton in ruminants.
Authorship
I.I.M.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
I.I.M.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:30
07.17.2025 09:30
Summary
This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on the primary congenital malformations affecting the axial skeleton of ruminants, with particular emphasis on those involving the postcranial region. The embryonic development of ruminants is divided into three stages: the segmentation phase, which begins with the formation of the zygote and concludes with the blastocyst stage; the gastrulation phase, during which the three germ layers (mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm) are established; and the organogenesis phase, wherein the organs and body systems develop, including the axial skeleton, which originates from the mesoderm. Disruptions in this process whether due to genetic, infectious, environmental, or nutritional causes can result in a variety of malformations. Among the most commonly described in the scientific literature are disorders related to cartilage development, such as chondrodysplasia, chondrodystrophy, and achondroplasia, all of which cause dwarfism; as well as malformations associated with the quantity or function of osteoclasts, such as osteopetrosis, among others. Many of these conditions are incompatible with life and lead to significant economic losses within the livestock sector. Currently, genetic analyses constitute one of the principal diagnostic tools employed and are fundamental for implementing strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of these malformations in the future.
This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on the primary congenital malformations affecting the axial skeleton of ruminants, with particular emphasis on those involving the postcranial region. The embryonic development of ruminants is divided into three stages: the segmentation phase, which begins with the formation of the zygote and concludes with the blastocyst stage; the gastrulation phase, during which the three germ layers (mesoderm, endoderm, and ectoderm) are established; and the organogenesis phase, wherein the organs and body systems develop, including the axial skeleton, which originates from the mesoderm. Disruptions in this process whether due to genetic, infectious, environmental, or nutritional causes can result in a variety of malformations. Among the most commonly described in the scientific literature are disorders related to cartilage development, such as chondrodysplasia, chondrodystrophy, and achondroplasia, all of which cause dwarfism; as well as malformations associated with the quantity or function of osteoclasts, such as osteopetrosis, among others. Many of these conditions are incompatible with life and lead to significant economic losses within the livestock sector. Currently, genetic analyses constitute one of the principal diagnostic tools employed and are fundamental for implementing strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of these malformations in the future.
Direction
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Tutorships)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Tutorships)
Court
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)
Study of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli from feral cats in the city of Lugo
Authorship
A.M.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
A.M.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing public health concern that must be addressed from a One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health. In this context, feral or colony cats may serve as an alternative tool for environmental monitoring of AMR in the geographical areas where they live and could be used as sentinel animals for resistance surveillance. The objectives of this study were to phenotypically analyze the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli strains isolated from cats in the city of Lugo, and to assess their implications for both public and veterinary health, as well as the potential of these animals to serve as indicators of the impact of antimicrobial use. For this purpose, 27 E. coli isolates obtained from feral cats from different colonies in Lugo were analyzed. Each isolate was tested against a panel of 24 antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The results revealed that the E. coli isolates showed a significant level of AMR, with 51% classified as multidrug-resistant and 19% as extensively drug-resistant. Additionally, 7.5% of the isolates were consistent with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. The most common resistances were observed against penicillins (beta-lactams) and most of the aminoglycosides tested, which may be related to the presence of modifying enzymes; however, this should be confirmed through molecular studies. A notably high percentage of resistance to colistin was also detected; nonetheless, this result may be associated with limitations of the testing method used and should be verified using alternative techniques. On the other hand, susceptibility to cephalosporins and quinolones was high, suggesting that this type of resistance is not widely disseminated in the environment, which is a significant finding given the importance of these antibiotic classes in human medicine. High sensitivity was also observed to tetracyclines and folic acid inhibitors, despite their widespread use in veterinary medicine as first-line treatments. In summary, the findings of this study support the idea that colony cats can be used as sentinels or indicators of antimicrobial resistance in urban environments due to their synanthropic lifestyle, representing a valuable tool for environmental AMR surveillance.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing public health concern that must be addressed from a One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health. In this context, feral or colony cats may serve as an alternative tool for environmental monitoring of AMR in the geographical areas where they live and could be used as sentinel animals for resistance surveillance. The objectives of this study were to phenotypically analyze the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli strains isolated from cats in the city of Lugo, and to assess their implications for both public and veterinary health, as well as the potential of these animals to serve as indicators of the impact of antimicrobial use. For this purpose, 27 E. coli isolates obtained from feral cats from different colonies in Lugo were analyzed. Each isolate was tested against a panel of 24 antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The results revealed that the E. coli isolates showed a significant level of AMR, with 51% classified as multidrug-resistant and 19% as extensively drug-resistant. Additionally, 7.5% of the isolates were consistent with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. The most common resistances were observed against penicillins (beta-lactams) and most of the aminoglycosides tested, which may be related to the presence of modifying enzymes; however, this should be confirmed through molecular studies. A notably high percentage of resistance to colistin was also detected; nonetheless, this result may be associated with limitations of the testing method used and should be verified using alternative techniques. On the other hand, susceptibility to cephalosporins and quinolones was high, suggesting that this type of resistance is not widely disseminated in the environment, which is a significant finding given the importance of these antibiotic classes in human medicine. High sensitivity was also observed to tetracyclines and folic acid inhibitors, despite their widespread use in veterinary medicine as first-line treatments. In summary, the findings of this study support the idea that colony cats can be used as sentinels or indicators of antimicrobial resistance in urban environments due to their synanthropic lifestyle, representing a valuable tool for environmental AMR surveillance.
Direction
Prieto Lago, Alberto (Tutorships)
Prieto Lago, Alberto (Tutorships)
Court
García Herradón, Pedro José (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Member)
García Herradón, Pedro José (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Member)
Detection of antibodies against Oestrus spp. and Cephenemyia spp. in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) and mouflons (Ovis aries musimon) from Castilla y León
Authorship
S.M.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
S.M.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:30
07.17.2025 09:30
Summary
Oestrus spp. and Cephenemyia spp. (Díptera: Oestridae) are two genera of botflies that cause nasopharyngeal myiasis, whose larval stages invade the nasal cavities, frontal sinuses, and/or pharyngeal cavities of vertebrate hosts. Oestrus ovis is a globally distributed ectoparasite that primarily affects small ruminants such as sheep and goats, as well as other wild ungulates. Cephenemyia stimulator is highly host-specific and is therefore rarely found in hosts other than cervids. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of Oestrus spp., and Cephenemyia spp. in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) and mouflon (Ovis aries musimon) from Castilla y León. In addition, the influence of various risk factors, such as age, sex, species and area of origin of the animals, on these seroprevalences will be analyzed. To achieve these objectives, samples were collected from 100 mouflons and 74 Iberian ibex from various hunting reserves in the Autonomous Community of Castilla y León (Spain), between 2011 and 2015. Subsequently, two “in-house” indirect ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) protocols were performed for the detection of antibodies against both types of myiasis. The analysis of risk factors influencing seroprevalence was conducted using linear regression with the R software. The seroprevalence of the infestation of Oestrus spp. was 44.3% (77/174), compared to 16.1% (28/174) detected for Cephenemyia spp. A total of 10.3% (18/174) of the animals presented antibodies against both parasites. Among the mouflons, 77% were seropositive for Oestrus spp. (77/100) and 21% for Cephenemyia spp. (21/100), with the latter being the only parasite detected in Iberian ibex (9.5%; 7/74). The results obtained for Cephenemyia spp. are noteworthy, given its classification as a cervid-specific parasite. No significant differences in seroprevalence of these myiases were observed based on the animals´age or sex. However, the seroprevalence of both myiases was higher in mouflons sampled during the second sampling period, which may indicate an increase in their incidence. Nasopharyngeal myiasis are diseases on the rise in Spain and are capable of affecting various species that share the same ecological niche, facilitating their distribution and complicating their control, with serious consequences for the animals they parasitize.
Oestrus spp. and Cephenemyia spp. (Díptera: Oestridae) are two genera of botflies that cause nasopharyngeal myiasis, whose larval stages invade the nasal cavities, frontal sinuses, and/or pharyngeal cavities of vertebrate hosts. Oestrus ovis is a globally distributed ectoparasite that primarily affects small ruminants such as sheep and goats, as well as other wild ungulates. Cephenemyia stimulator is highly host-specific and is therefore rarely found in hosts other than cervids. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of Oestrus spp., and Cephenemyia spp. in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) and mouflon (Ovis aries musimon) from Castilla y León. In addition, the influence of various risk factors, such as age, sex, species and area of origin of the animals, on these seroprevalences will be analyzed. To achieve these objectives, samples were collected from 100 mouflons and 74 Iberian ibex from various hunting reserves in the Autonomous Community of Castilla y León (Spain), between 2011 and 2015. Subsequently, two “in-house” indirect ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) protocols were performed for the detection of antibodies against both types of myiasis. The analysis of risk factors influencing seroprevalence was conducted using linear regression with the R software. The seroprevalence of the infestation of Oestrus spp. was 44.3% (77/174), compared to 16.1% (28/174) detected for Cephenemyia spp. A total of 10.3% (18/174) of the animals presented antibodies against both parasites. Among the mouflons, 77% were seropositive for Oestrus spp. (77/100) and 21% for Cephenemyia spp. (21/100), with the latter being the only parasite detected in Iberian ibex (9.5%; 7/74). The results obtained for Cephenemyia spp. are noteworthy, given its classification as a cervid-specific parasite. No significant differences in seroprevalence of these myiases were observed based on the animals´age or sex. However, the seroprevalence of both myiases was higher in mouflons sampled during the second sampling period, which may indicate an increase in their incidence. Nasopharyngeal myiasis are diseases on the rise in Spain and are capable of affecting various species that share the same ecological niche, facilitating their distribution and complicating their control, with serious consequences for the animals they parasitize.
Direction
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Tutorships)
GARCIA DIOS, DAVID (Co-tutorships)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Tutorships)
GARCIA DIOS, DAVID (Co-tutorships)
Court
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)
PEÑA MARTÍNEZ, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
MUÑOZ GUZON, FERNANDO MARIA (Member)
Morphopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of vaccine adjuvants in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
Authorship
B.O.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
B.O.G.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Vaccines are essential tools for the prevention of infectious diseases, as they act on the adaptive immune system and generate immunological memory against specific pathogens. In aquaculture, their use is crucial, with a wide range of vaccines available. All of them include a key component: the adjuvant, which plays an essential role as an immunostimulant; however, it carries a risk of secondary reactions. In the present study, the early immune response in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) was evaluated following intraperitoneal administration of two experimental vaccines differentiated by the type of adjuvant: one gel-based (Xel) and the other oil-based (763). Three sampling times were established (days 4, 7, and 14 post-vaccination), during which necropsies were performed and samples were taken from abdominal organs (spleen, pancreas, liver, and digestive system) and kidney for histopathological analysis. Histological staining techniques (Hematoxylin-Eosin) and immunohistochemistry were applied, using specific markers for early adaptive humoral response (Immunoglobulin M, IgM), cell proliferation (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, PCNA), and cell apoptosis (Active Caspase-3, C3A). Macroscopically, whitish firm material was observed over abdominal organs in both groups. Histologically, both adjuvants induced severe diffuse granulomatous peritonitis, characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages and epithelioid cells surrounding either amorphous eosinophilic material (gel-based adjuvant) or optically empty droplets (oil-based adjuvant). The inflammatory reaction was more intense and occurred earlier with the oil-based adjuvant, whereas the gel-based adjuvant showed a more gradual progression, reaching similar severity by day 14. Immunohistochemistry revealed abundant IgM+ and PCNA+ cells in the periphery of granulomas in both groups, although with temporal differences. The gel-based adjuvant also showed strong expression of C3A+ in cells near the lesion centers, associated with tissue necrosis, suggesting higher apoptotic activity. In contrast, the oil-based adjuvant showed low C3A positivity. These findings demonstrate that the type of adjuvant directly influences the intensity and progression of the immune response. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of combining macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses for a comprehensive characterization of vaccine-induced reactions, as apparently similar macroscopic findings may differ significantly at the tissue and immune levels.
Vaccines are essential tools for the prevention of infectious diseases, as they act on the adaptive immune system and generate immunological memory against specific pathogens. In aquaculture, their use is crucial, with a wide range of vaccines available. All of them include a key component: the adjuvant, which plays an essential role as an immunostimulant; however, it carries a risk of secondary reactions. In the present study, the early immune response in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) was evaluated following intraperitoneal administration of two experimental vaccines differentiated by the type of adjuvant: one gel-based (Xel) and the other oil-based (763). Three sampling times were established (days 4, 7, and 14 post-vaccination), during which necropsies were performed and samples were taken from abdominal organs (spleen, pancreas, liver, and digestive system) and kidney for histopathological analysis. Histological staining techniques (Hematoxylin-Eosin) and immunohistochemistry were applied, using specific markers for early adaptive humoral response (Immunoglobulin M, IgM), cell proliferation (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, PCNA), and cell apoptosis (Active Caspase-3, C3A). Macroscopically, whitish firm material was observed over abdominal organs in both groups. Histologically, both adjuvants induced severe diffuse granulomatous peritonitis, characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate of macrophages and epithelioid cells surrounding either amorphous eosinophilic material (gel-based adjuvant) or optically empty droplets (oil-based adjuvant). The inflammatory reaction was more intense and occurred earlier with the oil-based adjuvant, whereas the gel-based adjuvant showed a more gradual progression, reaching similar severity by day 14. Immunohistochemistry revealed abundant IgM+ and PCNA+ cells in the periphery of granulomas in both groups, although with temporal differences. The gel-based adjuvant also showed strong expression of C3A+ in cells near the lesion centers, associated with tissue necrosis, suggesting higher apoptotic activity. In contrast, the oil-based adjuvant showed low C3A positivity. These findings demonstrate that the type of adjuvant directly influences the intensity and progression of the immune response. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of combining macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses for a comprehensive characterization of vaccine-induced reactions, as apparently similar macroscopic findings may differ significantly at the tissue and immune levels.
Direction
Quiroga Berdeal, María Isabel (Tutorships)
Souto Guitián, Xoel (Co-tutorships)
Quiroga Berdeal, María Isabel (Tutorships)
Souto Guitián, Xoel (Co-tutorships)
Court
García Herradón, Pedro José (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Member)
García Herradón, Pedro José (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Member)
Anesthesic protocols in exotic animals
Authorship
I.P.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
I.P.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
This literature review explores anesthesia in exotic animal species, including birds, reptiles, fish, and small mammals. Anesthesia in these taxa poses unique challenges due to their distinct anatomical and physiological characteristics, necessitating species-specific knowledge and the application of individualized anesthetic protocols. The review examines critical aspects of each anesthetic phase and the main complications commonly encountered. Emphasis is placed on the anatomical and physiological factors that influence drug selection, routes of administration, and the implementation of safe and effective anesthetic techniques. Additionally, considerations regarding optimal vascular access, strategies for hypothermia prevention, and interspecies differences in metabolism, as well as respiratory and cardiovascular function, are discussed. These insights aim to contribute to improved anesthetic outcomes and a reduction in morbidity and mortality rates in exotic animal patients.
This literature review explores anesthesia in exotic animal species, including birds, reptiles, fish, and small mammals. Anesthesia in these taxa poses unique challenges due to their distinct anatomical and physiological characteristics, necessitating species-specific knowledge and the application of individualized anesthetic protocols. The review examines critical aspects of each anesthetic phase and the main complications commonly encountered. Emphasis is placed on the anatomical and physiological factors that influence drug selection, routes of administration, and the implementation of safe and effective anesthetic techniques. Additionally, considerations regarding optimal vascular access, strategies for hypothermia prevention, and interspecies differences in metabolism, as well as respiratory and cardiovascular function, are discussed. These insights aim to contribute to improved anesthetic outcomes and a reduction in morbidity and mortality rates in exotic animal patients.
Direction
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
GONZALEZ CANTALAPIEDRA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
VARELA LOPEZ, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
Court
García Herradón, Pedro José (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Member)
García Herradón, Pedro José (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Member)
Study of the seroprevalence of gasterophilosis in horses from Galicia
Authorship
R.P.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
R.P.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
There are different types of parasitism, among which we find myiasis, which can affect many species. In our case, gasterophilosis is caused by flies of the Gasterophilus genus, which affect equids, both domestic and wild, and less commonly, humans, causing cases of ophthalmomyiasis. This is an obligatory myiasis, meaning the parasite needs to complete its endogenous cycle inside a living host to obtain nutrients and develop. The adult fly flies around the host until it settles on a spot where it lays its eggs. After a few days, the eggs already contain L1 larvae which, once ingested, remain in the oral cavity until they hatch. After migrating through the mouth, they molt into L2 and move to the stomach, or are carried there by food, reaching their final location, where they molt into L3. Once fully developed, they detach from the mucosa, exit the host with the feces, and penetrate the soil. After 2,3 days, they become pupae, undergoing a complex metamorphosis that will give rise to a new adult fly. The location of the eggs on the horse’s body, as well as the final location of the larva, depends on the Gasterophilus species. There are nine species: G. haemorrhoidalis, G. intestinalis, G. pecorum, G. flavipes, G. inermis, G. nigricornis, G. ternicintus, and G. nasalis. There are different immunological techniques aimed at detecting antibodies, with ELISA being the most commonly used. Since the most immunogenic antigen is the crude extract of L2, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed using excretion/secretion antigens from L2 of Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis. This technique allows us to detect antibodies against the parasite, thereby determining whether the animal has been previously exposed to Gasterophilus spp. Based on this ELISA technique, this study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of equine gasterophilosis in Galicia and its correlation with various intrinsic factors (age, sex, and breed) and extrinsic factors (management, province, and season of the year). From the results obtained, we observed that more than half (52%) of the animals analyzed had been exposed to the parasite, which is consistent with previous studies. Regarding intrinsic factors, it was observed that the most exposed horses were those over 10 years old (67%), females (10%), and crossbred individuals (12%). Considering the extrinsic factors, it was observed that the most exposed horses were those living both in pasture and stable environments (11%), in the province of Ourense. Also consistent with other studies, the months with the highest exposure were winter months, while the lowest exposure occurred during summer. This indicates that from early winter to late summer there is a reduction in antigenic stimulation, suggesting the presence of third-stage larvae or even the absence of larval stages. From summer to winter, this stimulation increases again due to the presence of a new antigenic stimulus, indicating the ingestion of eggs containing first-stage larvae.
There are different types of parasitism, among which we find myiasis, which can affect many species. In our case, gasterophilosis is caused by flies of the Gasterophilus genus, which affect equids, both domestic and wild, and less commonly, humans, causing cases of ophthalmomyiasis. This is an obligatory myiasis, meaning the parasite needs to complete its endogenous cycle inside a living host to obtain nutrients and develop. The adult fly flies around the host until it settles on a spot where it lays its eggs. After a few days, the eggs already contain L1 larvae which, once ingested, remain in the oral cavity until they hatch. After migrating through the mouth, they molt into L2 and move to the stomach, or are carried there by food, reaching their final location, where they molt into L3. Once fully developed, they detach from the mucosa, exit the host with the feces, and penetrate the soil. After 2,3 days, they become pupae, undergoing a complex metamorphosis that will give rise to a new adult fly. The location of the eggs on the horse’s body, as well as the final location of the larva, depends on the Gasterophilus species. There are nine species: G. haemorrhoidalis, G. intestinalis, G. pecorum, G. flavipes, G. inermis, G. nigricornis, G. ternicintus, and G. nasalis. There are different immunological techniques aimed at detecting antibodies, with ELISA being the most commonly used. Since the most immunogenic antigen is the crude extract of L2, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed using excretion/secretion antigens from L2 of Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis. This technique allows us to detect antibodies against the parasite, thereby determining whether the animal has been previously exposed to Gasterophilus spp. Based on this ELISA technique, this study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of equine gasterophilosis in Galicia and its correlation with various intrinsic factors (age, sex, and breed) and extrinsic factors (management, province, and season of the year). From the results obtained, we observed that more than half (52%) of the animals analyzed had been exposed to the parasite, which is consistent with previous studies. Regarding intrinsic factors, it was observed that the most exposed horses were those over 10 years old (67%), females (10%), and crossbred individuals (12%). Considering the extrinsic factors, it was observed that the most exposed horses were those living both in pasture and stable environments (11%), in the province of Ourense. Also consistent with other studies, the months with the highest exposure were winter months, while the lowest exposure occurred during summer. This indicates that from early winter to late summer there is a reduction in antigenic stimulation, suggesting the presence of third-stage larvae or even the absence of larval stages. From summer to winter, this stimulation increases again due to the presence of a new antigenic stimulus, indicating the ingestion of eggs containing first-stage larvae.
Direction
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Tutorships)
ABREU RAMOS, INES ISABEL (Co-tutorships)
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Tutorships)
ABREU RAMOS, INES ISABEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
García Herradón, Pedro José (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Member)
García Herradón, Pedro José (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Member)
Epidemiological monitoring of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in dairy cattle farms in Galicia.
Authorship
M.D.R.D.P.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.D.R.D.P.L.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) is an emerging notifiable viral disease, transmitted by insects of the Culicoides genus, that mainly affects wild and domestic ruminants. It was recently introduced in Europe, with the first outbreak reported in Spain in 2022. This study takes place in Galicia, the leading region in dairy production in Spain, where the disease could have serious consequences. The objective of this work is to better understand the duration of viremia in dairy cattle, which is key to evaluating their potential role as a reservoir between periods of vector inactivity. Sixteen cows infected with serotype 8 of the EHD virus, confirmed by the Official Veterinary Services, were selected and distributed across nine farms in the province of Lugo. Blood samples were collected periodically from October 2024 to April 2025 to detect the presence of the virus, with viral RNA extraction and subsequent analysis using EHD qPCR. An average viremia duration of 158 days was observed, with a maximum of 225 days in some cases, which contrasts with previous studies where significantly shorter periods (21 a 59 days) were documented. This result suggests that animals could remain infectious during the winter and act as reservoirs of the virus until the next Culicoides season. The monitoring of Cq values showed that most of the animals included in the study reached the peak of viremia between days 60 and 70 post-infection. Additionally, no clinical signs were detected during the follow-up period, suggesting that if signs are not observed in the first few days, this disease may go clinically unnoticed while the animals continue to be infectious. This study demonstrates that viremia caused by EHD can be much longer than previously estimated in dairy cattle, which has important implications for the epidemiology, surveillance, and sanitary control of this emerging disease.
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) is an emerging notifiable viral disease, transmitted by insects of the Culicoides genus, that mainly affects wild and domestic ruminants. It was recently introduced in Europe, with the first outbreak reported in Spain in 2022. This study takes place in Galicia, the leading region in dairy production in Spain, where the disease could have serious consequences. The objective of this work is to better understand the duration of viremia in dairy cattle, which is key to evaluating their potential role as a reservoir between periods of vector inactivity. Sixteen cows infected with serotype 8 of the EHD virus, confirmed by the Official Veterinary Services, were selected and distributed across nine farms in the province of Lugo. Blood samples were collected periodically from October 2024 to April 2025 to detect the presence of the virus, with viral RNA extraction and subsequent analysis using EHD qPCR. An average viremia duration of 158 days was observed, with a maximum of 225 days in some cases, which contrasts with previous studies where significantly shorter periods (21 a 59 days) were documented. This result suggests that animals could remain infectious during the winter and act as reservoirs of the virus until the next Culicoides season. The monitoring of Cq values showed that most of the animals included in the study reached the peak of viremia between days 60 and 70 post-infection. Additionally, no clinical signs were detected during the follow-up period, suggesting that if signs are not observed in the first few days, this disease may go clinically unnoticed while the animals continue to be infectious. This study demonstrates that viremia caused by EHD can be much longer than previously estimated in dairy cattle, which has important implications for the epidemiology, surveillance, and sanitary control of this emerging disease.
Direction
FERNÁNDEZ RODRÍGUEZ, GONZALO (Tutorships)
López Lorenzo, Gonzalo (Co-tutorships)
FERNÁNDEZ RODRÍGUEZ, GONZALO (Tutorships)
López Lorenzo, Gonzalo (Co-tutorships)
Court
García Herradón, Pedro José (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Member)
García Herradón, Pedro José (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
REMESAR ALONSO, SUSANA (Member)
Feline Ureteral Obstruction : Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention
Authorship
I.R.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
I.R.R.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:30
07.17.2025 09:30
Summary
This bibliographic review provides a comprehensive analysis of ureteral obstruction (OU) in cats, a pathology of increasing prevalence and complexity in veterinary medicine. OU occurs due to partial or complete blockage of the ureters, primarily caused by uroliths, especially calcium oxalate. Other potential etiologies include stenoses, neoplasms, ureteral spasms, and iatrogenic or infectious factors. Diagnosis is based on imaging techniques such as abdominal ultrasound or antegrade pyelography, with the latter being the gold standard due to its high sensitivity. Additional diag nostic tools under investigation include biomarker measurement. Treatment involves both medical and surgical approaches. Among surgical options, the subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device is the most effective, though it carries risks of com plications such as infections, obstructions and migrations. Alternatives like ureteral stents and ureterotomy are associated with higher complication rates. For prevention, identifying risk factors such as dry diets is essential. Recommendations include wet diets, routine check-ups, and ultrasonographic monitoring in predisposed cats.
This bibliographic review provides a comprehensive analysis of ureteral obstruction (OU) in cats, a pathology of increasing prevalence and complexity in veterinary medicine. OU occurs due to partial or complete blockage of the ureters, primarily caused by uroliths, especially calcium oxalate. Other potential etiologies include stenoses, neoplasms, ureteral spasms, and iatrogenic or infectious factors. Diagnosis is based on imaging techniques such as abdominal ultrasound or antegrade pyelography, with the latter being the gold standard due to its high sensitivity. Additional diag nostic tools under investigation include biomarker measurement. Treatment involves both medical and surgical approaches. Among surgical options, the subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device is the most effective, though it carries risks of com plications such as infections, obstructions and migrations. Alternatives like ureteral stents and ureterotomy are associated with higher complication rates. For prevention, identifying risk factors such as dry diets is essential. Recommendations include wet diets, routine check-ups, and ultrasonographic monitoring in predisposed cats.
Direction
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Tutorships)
SUAREZ REY, MARIA LUISA (Tutorships)
Court
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Member)
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Member)
Decompression sickness: pathophysiological mechanism and its manifestation in sea turtles.
Authorship
E.S.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
E.S.P.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:30
07.17.2025 09:30
Summary
Decompression sickness is a pathology described mainly in human medicine. However, it has been shown that it can also affect marine species such as turtles, despite their anatomical and physiological adaptations to the aquatic environment. This syndrome is characterized by the formation of bubbles, mainly composed of nitrogen, in different organs and systems of the individual, causing injuries of varying severity depending on their location and sizes. Its origin has been found in the ascent after immersion. If this occurs quickly, the oversaturated tissues fail to balance their nitrogen pressure with the environment and, therefore, bubbles are formed. In sea turtles, the syndrome is usually originated in the rapid ascent associated with accidental capture in trawling, since being subjected to this stressful situation generates a failure in blood recirculation in apnea that leads to the formation of bubbles. The clinical picture observed in affected animals not only includes a variety of clinical signs but also behavioural changes, laboratory alterations and even various diagnostic imaging. It should be noted that diagnostic imaging is a valuable resource for assessing this pathology in live individuals; however, in case of late action (dead animals), necropsies and histopathology are key for diagnosis. Finally, it should be noted that a treatment is currently being used: hyperbaric oxygen therapy, but its application is limited by the infrastructure of recovery centers. This fact highlights the importance of establishing an action protocol on board of the vessels, since this would minimize the mortality associated with trawling and, therefore, with decompression sickness.
Decompression sickness is a pathology described mainly in human medicine. However, it has been shown that it can also affect marine species such as turtles, despite their anatomical and physiological adaptations to the aquatic environment. This syndrome is characterized by the formation of bubbles, mainly composed of nitrogen, in different organs and systems of the individual, causing injuries of varying severity depending on their location and sizes. Its origin has been found in the ascent after immersion. If this occurs quickly, the oversaturated tissues fail to balance their nitrogen pressure with the environment and, therefore, bubbles are formed. In sea turtles, the syndrome is usually originated in the rapid ascent associated with accidental capture in trawling, since being subjected to this stressful situation generates a failure in blood recirculation in apnea that leads to the formation of bubbles. The clinical picture observed in affected animals not only includes a variety of clinical signs but also behavioural changes, laboratory alterations and even various diagnostic imaging. It should be noted that diagnostic imaging is a valuable resource for assessing this pathology in live individuals; however, in case of late action (dead animals), necropsies and histopathology are key for diagnosis. Finally, it should be noted that a treatment is currently being used: hyperbaric oxygen therapy, but its application is limited by the infrastructure of recovery centers. This fact highlights the importance of establishing an action protocol on board of the vessels, since this would minimize the mortality associated with trawling and, therefore, with decompression sickness.
Direction
Vázquez Rodríguez, Sonia (Tutorships)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Co-tutorships)
Vázquez Rodríguez, Sonia (Tutorships)
DE AZEVEDO GOMES, ANA MANUELA (Co-tutorships)
Court
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Member)
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Member)
Levels of microminerals associated with canine obesity and their impact on health
Authorship
M.S.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
M.S.M.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:30
07.17.2025 09:30
Summary
Canine obesity represents one of the main concerns in veterinary medicine, not only because of its high prevalence, but also due to its metabolic, endocrine, and systemic implications. The excess of adipose tissue acts not only as an energy reservoir, but also as an active endocrine organ, capable of altering homeostasis through the secretion of proinflammatory adipokines and the induction of oxidative stress. In this context, trace elements, which are essential minerals in small amounts for metabolic and cellular functioning, could play a key role in the pathophysiology of obesity, although their study in veterinary medicine remains limited. This study analyzes the plasma profile of several essential microminerals (cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc) and potentially toxic metals (arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead) in overweight or obese dogs, comparing them with individuals with an ideal body condition. A case-control study was carried out in a population of 47 adult dogs (29 obese and 18 controls), classified according to their score on the Body Condition Score scale. The determination of the elements was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, a highly sensitive analytical technique. The association between mineral concentrations and biochemical parameters and metabolic indicators was also evaluated, in order to identify imbalances related to excess adipose tissue. The results showed that obese dogs presented significantly lower concentrations of cobalt, nickel, lead, and mercury compared to the controls, suggesting alterations in the bioavailability or tissue distribution of these elements. These findings correlate with mechanisms described in human medicine, such as the lipid redistribution of metals or the influence of the inflammatory state on mineral availability. Although there are few references in dogs, the values obtained were compared with published ranges and recent evidence. This study reinforces the hypothesis that obesity alters the metabolism of trace elements, which could promote a proinflammatory and pro-oxidative environment, supporting their potential use as biomarkers in the clinical and nutritional management of the obese patient.
Canine obesity represents one of the main concerns in veterinary medicine, not only because of its high prevalence, but also due to its metabolic, endocrine, and systemic implications. The excess of adipose tissue acts not only as an energy reservoir, but also as an active endocrine organ, capable of altering homeostasis through the secretion of proinflammatory adipokines and the induction of oxidative stress. In this context, trace elements, which are essential minerals in small amounts for metabolic and cellular functioning, could play a key role in the pathophysiology of obesity, although their study in veterinary medicine remains limited. This study analyzes the plasma profile of several essential microminerals (cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc) and potentially toxic metals (arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead) in overweight or obese dogs, comparing them with individuals with an ideal body condition. A case-control study was carried out in a population of 47 adult dogs (29 obese and 18 controls), classified according to their score on the Body Condition Score scale. The determination of the elements was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, a highly sensitive analytical technique. The association between mineral concentrations and biochemical parameters and metabolic indicators was also evaluated, in order to identify imbalances related to excess adipose tissue. The results showed that obese dogs presented significantly lower concentrations of cobalt, nickel, lead, and mercury compared to the controls, suggesting alterations in the bioavailability or tissue distribution of these elements. These findings correlate with mechanisms described in human medicine, such as the lipid redistribution of metals or the influence of the inflammatory state on mineral availability. Although there are few references in dogs, the values obtained were compared with published ranges and recent evidence. This study reinforces the hypothesis that obesity alters the metabolism of trace elements, which could promote a proinflammatory and pro-oxidative environment, supporting their potential use as biomarkers in the clinical and nutritional management of the obese patient.
Direction
PEREIRA LESTAYO, VICTOR (Tutorships)
PEREIRA LESTAYO, VICTOR (Tutorships)
Court
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Member)
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Member)
Wildlife as sentinel in the One Health perspective
Authorship
S.V.O.
Bachelor in Veterinary
S.V.O.
Bachelor in Veterinary
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:30
07.17.2025 09:30
Summary
Wildlife plays a key role in the One Health approach, acting as a reservoir and potential source of pathogen dissemination, either through environmental shedding or transmission to domestic animals and humans. In this context, the wild boar (Sus scrofa) is of growing interest due to its ecological proximity to humans and its population expansion in recent years, which increases the risk of emerging disease transmission. In fact, it is included in Spain’s National Wildlife Health Surveillance Plan of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPA) as a target species for the monitoring of zoonotic pathogens. This study aimed to assess the role of wild boar as a sentinel species in the silent pandemic of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To this end, faecal samples from 33 wild boars hunted under official control programs in Asturias were analysed, focusing on the detection of multidrug-resistant strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, both classified as priority pathogens by the World Health Organization (WHO). Samples were plated on 4 selective and differential media (MacConkey lactose, SCAI, ESBL and CARBA), and bacterial isolates were subjected to molecular and phenotypic identification, as well as antimicrobial susceptibility testing. As a result, a total of 36 E. coli strains were isolated from 33 animals, including 3 CTX-M-1-producing ESBL strains (9% of carrier animals), along with 4 K. pneumoniae strains, all confirmed by PCR. Additionally, 3 other bacteria of public health interest were identified: Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida and Cronobacter malonaticus. The virulence potential of E. coli isolates was assessed through ExPEC and UPEC marker detection, identifying 3 ExPEC (9% of carrier animals) and 2 UPEC (6% of carrier animals) strains. Regarding antibiotic resistance, the highest prevalence in E. Coli was against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (16.7%), followed by ampicillin and doxycycline (11.1%), and cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and fosfomycin (8.3%). All K. pneumoniae strains were resistant to fosfomycin, and one also to nitrofurantoin. Based on Magiorakos’ criteria, 3 E. coli strains (8.3%) were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). These findings reinforce the importance of wild boar as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant and potentially pathogenic bacteria for humans. Therefore, its inclusion as a sentinel species in AMR surveillance systems is proposed, within the framework of the One Health approach.
Wildlife plays a key role in the One Health approach, acting as a reservoir and potential source of pathogen dissemination, either through environmental shedding or transmission to domestic animals and humans. In this context, the wild boar (Sus scrofa) is of growing interest due to its ecological proximity to humans and its population expansion in recent years, which increases the risk of emerging disease transmission. In fact, it is included in Spain’s National Wildlife Health Surveillance Plan of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPA) as a target species for the monitoring of zoonotic pathogens. This study aimed to assess the role of wild boar as a sentinel species in the silent pandemic of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To this end, faecal samples from 33 wild boars hunted under official control programs in Asturias were analysed, focusing on the detection of multidrug-resistant strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, both classified as priority pathogens by the World Health Organization (WHO). Samples were plated on 4 selective and differential media (MacConkey lactose, SCAI, ESBL and CARBA), and bacterial isolates were subjected to molecular and phenotypic identification, as well as antimicrobial susceptibility testing. As a result, a total of 36 E. coli strains were isolated from 33 animals, including 3 CTX-M-1-producing ESBL strains (9% of carrier animals), along with 4 K. pneumoniae strains, all confirmed by PCR. Additionally, 3 other bacteria of public health interest were identified: Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida and Cronobacter malonaticus. The virulence potential of E. coli isolates was assessed through ExPEC and UPEC marker detection, identifying 3 ExPEC (9% of carrier animals) and 2 UPEC (6% of carrier animals) strains. Regarding antibiotic resistance, the highest prevalence in E. Coli was against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (16.7%), followed by ampicillin and doxycycline (11.1%), and cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and fosfomycin (8.3%). All K. pneumoniae strains were resistant to fosfomycin, and one also to nitrofurantoin. Based on Magiorakos’ criteria, 3 E. coli strains (8.3%) were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). These findings reinforce the importance of wild boar as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant and potentially pathogenic bacteria for humans. Therefore, its inclusion as a sentinel species in AMR surveillance systems is proposed, within the framework of the One Health approach.
Direction
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
GARCIA MENENDEZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
GARCIA MENENDEZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
Court
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Member)
ARIAS VAZQUEZ, MARIA SOL (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Member)