ECTS credits ECTS credits: 6
ECTS Hours Rules/Memories Student's work ECTS: 87 Hours of tutorials: 10 Expository Class: 29 Interactive Classroom: 3 EEES Clinics: 21 Total: 150
Use languages Spanish, Galician
Type: Ordinary Degree Subject RD 1393/2007 - 822/2021
Departments: Animal Pathology
Areas: Animal Medicine and Surgery
Center Faculty of Veterinary Science
Call: Second Semester
Teaching: With teaching
Enrolment: Enrollable
With the study of Nosology, we attempt that students will be able to describe, from a general point of view, the morbid process: to analyse its causes and the reaction of the organism against them, to study the functional derangement it causes, to know their sensory perceptible manifestations and evolution ways, to qualify the morbid process through making a clinical judgement and, finally, to know the criteria to name and classify diseases.
Through the study of Physiopathology, the student should know the functional disorders which originate the morbid processes and which are the base of the symptoms and syndromes of the different diseases. To do so, s/he should know the aetiological agents susceptible to produce functional disorders, pathogeny or the way they act and to deduce functional alterations produced at an organic level.
Contents
Theoretical contents (33 hours).
The subject is structured into the following thematic blocks:
1. Introduction (4 hours): Nosology (2 hours). External agents as a cause of disease (physical & chemical agents, radiations and electricity): 1 hour. General Adaptation Syndrome: Stress in Veterinary Medicine (1 hour).
2. Pathophysiology - 29 hours divided as follows:
a. Metabolism, internal milieu and endocrine system - 4 hours: Pathophysiology of fluids and electrolytes: dehydration, hyperhydration; Hyper- and hypokalaemia; hyper e hypomagnesaemia (1 hour). Pathophysiology of the acid-base balance: Acidosis and alkalosis (1 hour). Pathophysiology of the endocrine system: General pathogenesis of endocrine syndromes affecting the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, syndromes affecting the adrenals, syndromes affecting thyroid, syndromes affecting the endocrine pancreas and syndromes that affect the parathyroid gland and calcium metabolism (1.5 hours) metabolism of lipids, proteins, minerals and carbohydrates (0.5 hours)
b. Respiratory apparatus - 4 hours: 1 hour for the semiology of dyspnoea. External and internal respiratory insufficiencies, 2 hours for circulatory disorders of the lung (pulmonary congestion and pulmonary hypertension passive) and pulmonary syndromes (emphysema, fibrosis, atelectasis, syndromes of condensation and cavitations) 1 hour for pleural syndromes (pneumothorax, pleural effusion) and mediastinal syndrome.
c. Temperature and cardiovascular system - 6 hours:
Temperature (0.5 hours). Pathophysiology of the pericardium, myocardium and endocardium (1 hour), central and peripheral circulatory failure, coronary insufficiency (1.5 hours). Arrhythmias (1 hour), valvulopathies (1 hour) and Pathophysiology of the vessels (1 hour)
d. Blood (3 hours): Pathophysiology of erythrocytes (1 hour); pathophysiology of leukocytes (1 hour) and Pathophysiology of platelets and haemostasis disorders (1 hour).
e. Digestive system (6 hours): Pathophysiology of the mouth, pharynx and salivary glands (1 hour); pathophysiology of the oesophagus and stomach of monogastric animals (1 hour); pathophysiology of gut (1 hour); pathophysiology of liver disorders (1 hour) pathophysiology of the exocrine pancreas (0.5 hours), pathophysiology of the peritoneum (0.5 hours); pathophysiology of ruminant forestomachs (1 hour)
f. Renal Apparatus (2 hours): micturition disorders (frequency, strangury, dysuria, incontinence, renal) and diuresis (polyuria, oliguria and anuria) and renal functional pathology (cystitis, urolithiasis, alterations of the esteanuric function) (1 hour). Renal Pathology (pyelonephritis, nephritis/nephrosis, hydronephrosis, renal insufficiencies) (1 hour)
g. Nervous and Locomotive Systems (2 hours): Pathophysiology of the locomotive system (bones, joints and muscles) (1 hour). Pathophysiology of the Nervous System: Brain and Motor Neuron alterations (1 hour).
h. Immunopathology (2 hours): Hypersensitivity reactions (1 hour), autoimmune and immunodeficiency diseases (1 hour).
Clinical practices (24 hours).
Practicals are related to the following topics:
1. Clinical cases related to acid-base balance disturbances: Evaluation of clinical situations – 3 hours
2. Clinical cases related to thermoregulation – 1.5 hour
3. Cardiology clinical cases. Use of blood pressure in pets – 3 hours
4. Gastrointestinal clinical cases: Resolution of different clinical cases related with digestive alterations on the different animal species – 3 hours
5. Haematology clinical cases: Resolution of clinical cases related to haematology – 3,5 hours
6. Approach to the renal patient: Clinical evaluation of the renal functionality. Proteinuria, classification of renal failures. Resolution of clinical cases – 2 hours.
7. Neurology clinical cases: Approximation to the patient with a disease of the locomotive or nervous system. Resolution of clinical situations on a real context – 4,5 hours.
8. Endocrine clinical cases: Resolution of different clinical cases related with the most common endocrine alterations that occur in the different animal species - 2 hours.
9. Study of the protein metabolism: Resolution of clinical cases – 1,5 hours.
Seminars ( 5 hours).
1. Nosology (1 hour) : Nosology : Knowing the disease.
2. Electrocardiographical approach in domestics animals (2 hour)
3. Clinical pathology: haematology (2 hours).-> 2 hours
Tutorials ( 3 hours).
1.Main aspects relative to discipline: regulations and rules (1 hour)
Andrews, A.H., Blowey, R.W., Boyd, H., Eddy, R.G. (2004). Bovine Medicine: Diseases and Husbandry of Cattle. 2ª ed. Ed. Blackwell Publishing.
Blood, D.C. (1996). Manual de Medicina Veterinaria. Ed. McGraw-Hill
Castro del Pozo, S. (2006) Manual de patología general. Etiología, fisiopatología, semiología, síndromes. 6ª ed. Masson, Barcelona.
Cowell, R.L. et al. (2009). Diagnóstico citológico y hematológico del perro y el gato. 3a ed. Elsevier, Barcelona.
Davies, Ch y Shell, L. (2003) Diagnóstico frecuente en pequeños animales: Un método algorítmico. McGraw-Hill.
Day, M.J. (1999) Atlas en color de Enfermedades Inmunomediadas del perro y del gato. Cuadros clínicos, diagnóstico y tratamento. Grass Edicións, Barcelona.
Day, M.J. (2008) Clinical immunology of the dog and cat. Manson Publishing
Divers, T. J., Peek, S. (2007). Rebhun’s Diseases of Dairy Cattle. 2ªed. Ed. Saunders Elsevier.
Esteller, A., Cordero, M. (1998) Fundamentos de fisiopatología. McGraw-Hill Interamericana, Madrid.
Ettinger, S.J., Feldman, E.C. (2010). Textbook of veterinary internal medicine: diseases of the dog and cat. 7 th ed. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
Feldman OW et al. (2000) Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. 5th ed, Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
García Partida, P., Prieto Montaña, F., Gutiérrez Panizo, C., Mayer Valor, R. (1999). Exploración clínica veterinaria. Ed. Universidad de León, León.
Jain, N.C. (1993). Essentials of veterinary hematology. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
Kaneko, J.J., Harvey J, Bruss, M. (2008) Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals.6 th ed. Academic Press, San Diego.
López Villalba, I., Mesa Sánchez, I. (2015). Guía práctica de interpretación analítica y diagnóstico diferencial en pequeños animales: hematología y bioquímica. Grupo Asís Biomedia, Zaragoza.
Merck, N.J. (2007) El manual Merck de veterinaria. 9ª ed. Centrum Técnicas y Científicas, Madrid.
Nelson, R.W., Couto, C. (1995) Pilares de Medicina Interna en Animales Pequeños. Intermédica, Buenos Aires.
Nelson, R.W., Couto, C. (2010) Medicina Interna de Pequeños Animales. 4ª ed. Elsevier, Barcelona.
Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.G., Clive, C., Blood, D.C., Hinchcliff, K.W. (2001) Medicina Veterinaria: Tratado de las enfermedades del ganado vacuno, ovino, porcino, caprino y equino. Interamericana-McGrawHill. Madrid
Rebar, A.H. et al. (2002). Manual de hematología de perros y gatos. Ed. Multimédica S.A
Salvat (1992) Diccionario Terminológico de Ciencias Médicas. 13ª ed. Salvat, Barcelona.
Smith, B.P. (2010). Medicina interna de grandes animales. 4ª ed. Ed. Elsevier España, S.L.
Sodikoff, CH. (2002) Pruebas diagnósticas y de laboratorio en pequeños animales. Una guía para el diagnóstico de laboratorio. 3ª ed. Harcourt, Madrid.
Stockham, S.L. (2008) Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 2nd ed. Ames, Iowa, Blackwell cop.
Stockham, S.L., Scott, M.A. (2008). Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. Iowa State Press.
Straw, B.E. (2001). Enfermedades del cerdo. 8ª ed. Inter-médica. Buenos Aires.
Tilley, L. P. (1992) Essentials of canine and feline electrocardiography. 3rd ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
Tizard, I.R. (2009) Inmunología Veterinaria. 8ª ed. Elsevier
Underwood, E.J. & Suttle, N.J. (2002) Los minerales en la nutrición del ganado. 3ª ed. Acribia, Zaragoza.
Ynaraja, E. (2017) Manual clínico de presión sanguínea en perros y gatos. Grupo Asis Biomedia, S.L. Zaragoza
General skills
GVUSC01. Ability to learn and adapt.
GVUSC02. Capability for analysis and synthesis.
GVUSC04. Planning and work management.
GVUSC05. Capability to put knowledge into practice.
GVUSC06. Capability to work both independently and as part of a team.
GVUSC09. Capability to communicate in different areas.
Disciplinary skills
CEDVUSC 05. Basic and applied principles of the immune response.
CEDVUSC 07. Knowledge of the changes in the structure and function of the animal organism.
CEDVUSC 15. To know the rights and duties of the veterinarian, with special emphasis on ethical principles.
CEDVUSC 16. To know the basic analytical techniques and its interpretation.
Professional competences
D1VUSC 03. Perform standard laboratory tests, and interpret clinical, biological and chemical results.
D1VUSC 04. Diagnose common diseases using complementary protocols and diagnostic techniques.
D1VUSC 17. Perform technical reports specific to veterinary competencies.
Academic competences
CEAVUSC 01. Analyse, synthesize and solve problems and make decisions within the scope of the Veterinary profession.
CEAVUSC 03. Disclose information obtained during the Veterinary professional practice in an easy oral and written way, with other colleagues, authorities and society in general.
CEAVUSC 04. Search and manage information related to veterinary practice.
CEAVUSC 05. Know and apply the scientific method in professional practice, including evidence-based medicine.
CEAVUSC 08. Being aware of the need to keep professional skills and knowledge up-to-date through a process of lifelong learning.
Transversal skills
CTVUSC 01. Capacity for reasoning and argument.
CTVUSC 02. Ability to obtain adequate, diverse and updated information by various means such as literature and Internet information, and critically analyse it.
CTVUSC 03. Ability to develop and present an organized and understandable text.
CTVUSC 04. Ability to make a clear, concise, and consistent public presentation
CTVUSC 05. Skill in the use of ICTs.
CTVUSC 06. Use information in a foreign language.
CTVUSC 07. Ability to solve problems through the Integration and application of knowledge
Theoretical contents: For scenario 1 (face to face), the lecturer will make available in advance to the lecture a guide which contains all the material needed to begin the study of each thematic unit. The student is supposed to work independently with the guide, so that the lectures will focus on an overview of the topic, the resolution of questions that arise from the student’s self-study, the presentation of representative clinical cases and guidance of the lecture to further readings and supplementary materials. In scenarios 2 and 3, the development of content will be similar to the previous one, but everything will be done via telematics, by decision adopted by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in the first case (scenario 2) and by confinement in the second, with synchronous virtual teaching using the Microsoft Teams platform. At the end of each session, questions may be asked to evaluate the student's learning progression of each of the contents taught during the session, and which will contribute to the final continuous assessment grade
Class dispensation is not applicable.
Practical contents: For scenario 1 (face to face), Once the students know the systematic of solving clinical cases (showed previously at the lecture), they will solve in groups different clinical cases. In the case of scenario 2, or in scenario 1 in which the conditions of social distance cannot be guaranteed by the facilities where the practical activities are carried out, the groups will be reduced to half the number of students, and the duration of the practice for each new subgroup will be distributed in 50% attendance, and the remaining 50% of the time must be spent on telematic activities, with learning through videos or activities related to the content of the practical classes. In the case of scenario 3 (closure of the facilities and synchronous virtual teaching) the structure will be the same by using the Microsoft Teams platform, analysing and evaluating both the procedures and the results obtained, to obtain the clinical approach as close as possible to reality. At the end of each session, questions may be asked to evaluate the student's learning progression of each of the contents taught during the session, which will contribute to the final continuous assessment grade
Class dispensation is not applicable.
Seminars (5 hours):
In the first seminar we will introduce the student to the tools necessary to tackle the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases, as well as the identification of the different morbid processes in the animals (1 hour).
In the second and third seminars, of two hours each, aspects related to the study of electrocardiography in veterinary medicine and clinical biopathology will be dealt with.
In scenario 1 all activities will be face-to-face. In scenarios 2 and 3, the development of content will be similar to the previous one, but everything will be done via telematics, by decision adopted by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in the first case (scenario 2) and by confinement in the second, with synchronous virtual teaching using the Microsoft Teams platform. At the end of each session, questions may be asked to evaluate the student's learning progression of each of the contents taught during the session, and which will contribute to the final continuous assessment grade. Class dispensation is not applicable.
Tutorials (1 hours):
1) At the first tutorial, the course, its objectives, working methodology, assessment methods and bibliography will be presented
In scenario 1 the tutoring will be face-to-face, and in scenarios 2 and 3, the development of content will be similar to the previous one, but everything will be done via telematics, by decision adopted by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in the first case (scenario 2) and by confinement in the second, with synchronous virtual teaching using the Microsoft Teams platform.
A Virtual Learning Environment for the course will be available for the students at the University’s virtual campus; where teachers will upload different files for the theoretical and practical contents. As well as supplementary materials such as further reading suggestions, clinical cases, images and videos galleries, links to websites… In addition, forums will be created to resolve doubts and to make suggestions.
The assessment of the course will be based on a continuous assessment system (30%) and a final exam (70% of the final mark).
The continuous assessment includes, in a weighted way, the level of exploitation of lectures (where the student might have to answer, in written form, some multiple-choice questions during the lecture, about the content thereof), practical (through the exercises/clinical cases that the students will have to do) and other activities such as essays that will be proposed in relation to some topics. For those students who passed the continuous assessment is previous academic years but failed to pass the subject, their qualification of the continuous assessment will be maintained.
The final exam will consist of 50 multiple choice or short answer questions (definitions, completing phrases or looking relationship between concepts) or images/videos/sounds (35% of the final mark) and 5 essay questions and/or clinical cases (the remaining 35%). The student will pass the subject if the sum of the marks of continuous assessment and the written examination paper is above 5.0 on a 0-10 scale, where students will be required to obtain at least a 40% in the written exam, in order to pass the discipline.
For scenarios 1 and 2 (if the health situation allows it), the exam will be presential (face to face), and for scenarios 2 (if the health situation demands it) and 3 (closing of the installations and synchronous virtual teaching) the structure will be the same by using the Microsoft Teams and/or Moodle platforms.
For scenarios 1 (face-to-face) and 2 (partially face-to-face), at the end of each activity, questions may be asked to evaluate the student's learning progression of each of the contents taught during the activity, which will contribute to the final continuous assessment grade. In the case of non-attendance activities of scenario 2 (theory, seminars, tutorials) and for scenario 3 (closing of the facilities and synchronous virtual teaching) the structure will be the same by using Microsoft Teams. or Moodle platforms.
In the case of fraudulent exercises or tests, the provisions of the Regulations for the evaluation of students' academic performance and the review of grades will apply.
The examination calendar approved by the plenary session of the Veterinary Faculty Board on July 3rd, 2020, will be available (date, time and place) on the following institutional website: http://www.usc.es/gl/centros/veterinaria/ExGrado.html.For the call of July, exposed in the following web page: http://www.usc.es/gl/centros/veterinaria/ExGrado.html, it is only possible to improve the mark obtained in the written part of the assessment, maintaining the mark obtained in the continuous assessment.
Study time and individual work
IN CLASSROOM WORKLOAD (63h)
Lectures: 33h
Clinical practices: 24h
Seminars: 5h
Tutorials in small groups: 1h
SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL STUDY OF THE STUDENT (87h)
Individual study: 58h
Preparation of reports: 12h
Oral presentations: 3h
Use of learning resources: 6h
Clinical cases resolutions: 4h
Assessment: 4h
TOTAL (150h)
Students are encouraged to have basic knowledge of Physiology, Biochemistry, Immunology and other subjects of the previous semesters. This will help students to accelerate learning and understanding of this subject. Moreover, basic knowledge of the English language is also highly recommended, since much of the bibliography is not translated into Spanish.
Contingency plan:
In application of the Guidelines for the "Development of Safe Face-to-Face Teaching for the 2020-2021 academic year" elaborated by the Commission for Teaching Planning, which completes the document called "Bases for the Development of Safe Face-to-Face Teaching" elaborated by the Committee for Health Security and approved by the Government Council, we have proceeded to differentiate the activities included in the teaching methodology, the evaluation systems and the recommendations for the study. Thus, for scenario 2, attendance at the practical classes is maintained, although the number of groups will be reduced to 50% to guarantee safety distance, while trying to bring forward the contents of the practical classes, leaving the rest of the activities (lectures, seminars and tutorials with synchronous telematic teaching), while for scenario 3, all the programmed activities will be synchronous telematic, respecting the calendars and timetables approved by the Centre Board. Exams will be presential (face to face) in scenario 1 and or 2, if the health authorities allow it, and if the health authorities do not allow it, scenario 2 and 3 will be telematic .
Cristina Castillo Rodríguez
- Department
- Animal Pathology
- Area
- Animal Medicine and Surgery
- cristina.castillo [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Lecturer
María Marta López Alonso
- Department
- Animal Pathology
- Area
- Animal Medicine and Surgery
- marta.lopez.alonso [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Lecturer
Joaquin Ricardo Hernandez Bermudez
- Department
- Animal Pathology
- Area
- Animal Medicine and Surgery
- joaquin.hernandez [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Lecturer
Jose Luis Benedito Castellote
Coordinador/a- Department
- Animal Pathology
- Area
- Animal Medicine and Surgery
- joseluis.benedito [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Professor
Victor Pereira Lestayo
- Department
- Animal Pathology
- Area
- Animal Medicine and Surgery
- victor.pereira [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Lecturer
| Monday | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 17:00-18:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Galician, Spanish | Classroom 1 |
| 17:00-18:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish, Galician | Mirror Classroom |
| 18:00-19:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Galician, Spanish | Classroom 1 |
| 18:00-19:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish, Galician | Mirror Classroom |
| Tuesday | |||
| 09:15-12:15 | Grupo /CLI_EEES05 | Galician, Spanish | Aula ARESA |
| 17:00-18:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Galician, Spanish | Classroom 1 |
| 17:00-18:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Galician, Spanish | Mirror Classroom |
| Wednesday | |||
| 09:15-12:15 | Grupo /CLI_EEES06 | Spanish, Galician | Aula ARESA |
| 18:00-19:00 | Grupo /CLIS_01 | Galician, Spanish | Classroom 3 |
| 18:00-19:00 | Grupo /CLIS_02 | Spanish, Galician | Classroom 3 |
| Thursday | |||
| 09:15-12:15 | Grupo /CLI_EEES07 | Galician, Spanish | Aula ARESA |
| 16:00-17:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish, Galician | Classroom 1 |
| 16:00-17:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Galician, Spanish | Mirror Classroom |
| 18:00-19:00 | Grupo /CLIS_04 | Galician, Spanish | Classroom 3 |
| 18:00-19:00 | Grupo /CLIS_03 | Galician, Spanish | Classroom 3 |
| Friday | |||
| 10:00-11:30 | Grupo /CLI_EEES01 | Galician, Spanish | Classroom 7 |
| 05.18.2021 12:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 1 |
| 05.18.2021 12:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 2 |
| 05.18.2021 12:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 3 |
| 06.21.2021 12:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 2 |
| 06.21.2021 12:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 3 |