ECTS credits ECTS credits: 6
ECTS Hours Rules/Memories Student's work ECTS: 90 Hours of tutorials: 1 Expository Class: 37 Interactive Classroom: 8 EEES Clinics: 14 Total: 150
Use languages Spanish, Galician
Type: Ordinary Degree Subject RD 1393/2007 - 822/2021
Departments: Animal Pathology
Areas: Animal Health
Center Faculty of Veterinary Science
Call: First Semester
Teaching: With teaching
Enrolment: Enrollable
• To know the main historical events that have contributed to the scientific development of infectious diseases
• To know the basic concepts and terminology used in the study of infectious diseases
• To understand the role played by infectious agents, the host, and the environment as determinants of infectious disease
• To understand the economic and health importance of infectious diseases
• To know and apply epidemiological studies in the study of infectious diseases.
• To carry out an adequate clinical history (obtaining information about a disease)
• To know how to collect the right samples and the correct submission to the diagnostic center/lab to achieve the diagnosis of a specific infectious disease
• To be able to determine the origin of a disease of known cause and investigate and control a disease of initially unknown cause
• To know the most used laboratory techniques in the diagnosis of infectious diseases, how to use them, how to interpret results and how to assess their practical usefulness.
• To recognize the most important infectious diseases in the different species of domestic animals from a differential point of view and from epidemiological data, clinical signs, and lesions.
• To establish the correct treatments, vaccinations, biosecurity, and prophylaxis measures, in accordance with the husbandry system, to solve an infectious problem, prevent the entry of infectious diseases from outside the farm, or prevent the spread of pathogens already present in the farm and reduce their impact.
• Monitoring and evaluation of disease control programs
The ultimate objective is that students are in perfect conditions for practice in terms of the specific knowledge of the subject, considering, above all, the practical nature of the discipline.
Theoretical program:
The program consists of the following sections: Infectious diseases of cattle (12 units), Infectious diseases of small ruminants (7 units) and Infectious diseases of poultry (6 units):
• BLOCK 1: CATTLE
o Unit 1.- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis.
o Unit 2.- Bovine Viral Diarrhea / Mucosal disease.
o Unit 3.- Bovine paratuberculosis.
o Unit 4.- Bovine mastitis.
o Unit 5.- Bovine respiratory disease: parainfluenza-3 infection and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Bovine adenovirus. Pasteurellosis.
o Unit 6.- Bovine neonatal diarrhea: rotavirus and coronavirus infections and other enteric viruses. Colibacillosis. Salmonellosis.
o Unit 7.- Anthrax. Blackleg. Other clostridial diseases: tetanus and botulism.
o Unit 8.- Other diseases causing cattle abortion: leptospirosis, chlamydiosis, campylobacteriosis, listeriosis, Q fever, anaplasmosis and micotic abortion.
o Unit 9.- Bovine spongiform encephalitis. Other nervous disorders: thromboembolic meningoencephalitis, listeriosis, rabies and Aujeszky´s disease.
o Unit 10.-. Diseases included in official eradication and surveillance programs in ruminants: bovine tuberculosis. Bovine brucellosis. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Bovine enzootic leukosis.
o Unit 11.- Skin diseases: Mycosis. Bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Other skin conditions: smallpox, lumpy skin disease, dermatophytosis, papillomatosis, actinobacillosis, actinomycosis, pyobacillosis, necrobacillosis and nocardiosis.
o Unit 12.- Exotic diseases of interest: malignant catarrhal fever. Rinderpest. Foot and mouth disease and other vesicular diseases.
• BLOCK 2: SMALL RUMINANTS
o Unit 13.- Respiratory complex of sheep: Parainfluenza, adenovirus and pasteurellosis infections. Contagious pleuropneumonia of small ruminants.
o Unit 14.- Maedi-Visna. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis. Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis. Scrapie.
o Unit 15.- Enterotoxemias.
o Unit 16.- Contagious agalactia syndrome in small ruminants.
o Unit 17.- Processes that cause reproductive problems in small ruminants. Q fever, enzootic sheep abortion and others.
o Unit 18.-Bluetongue.
o Unit 19.- Caseous lymphadenitis.
o Unit 20.- Necrobacillosis and other diseases of interest.
• BLOCK 3: POULTRY
o Unit 21.- Respiratory diseases (I): Newcastle disease. Avian influenza.
o Unit 22.- Respiratory diseases (II): Chronic respiratory disease. Infectious bronchitis. Laryngotracheitis. Pasteurellosis. Psittacosis-Ornithosis.
o Unit 23.- Avian salmonellosis.
o Unit 24.- Colibacillosis.
o Unit 25.- Tumor diseases of viral origin: Marek's disease. Avian leukosis.
o Unit 26.- Immunosuppressive diseases: Gumboro disease.
The study of the main infectious diseases will be distributed by animal species and each disease will be developed according to the following scheme:
• Definition and synonyms.
• Historical aspects, if relevant.
• Economic and health importance.
• Etiology: the characteristics of the infectious agent that influence the pathogenesis or immune mechanisms, as well as the epidemiology, diagnosis and prophylaxis of the disease will be highlighted.
• Epidemiology: the geographical distribution of the disease, the agent-host-environment interactions, the transmission and maintenance of the infection, morbidity, and lethality, etc. will be studied.
• Pathogenesis.
• Clinical signs and lesions: these data together with the epizootiology of the disease will allow the future veterinarian to establish a clinical diagnosis.
• Diagnosis: the clinical diagnosis will be established based on epidemiological data, clinical signs, and lesions of the disease. Likewise, laboratory diagnosis will be studied, which includes direct and indirect methods to verify the intervention or presence of the pathogen.
• Treatment: those possible treatments and their effectiveness will be mentioned.
• Prophylaxis: vaccination and medical prophylaxis, biosecurity, and management measures.
Approximate duration: 44 hours
• 28 h block 1: approximately 2 hours per unit + 6 hours of board practices (1 hour / practice)
• 9 h block 2: approximately 1 hour per unit + 2 hours of board practices (1 hour / practice)
• 7 h block 3: approximately 1 hour per unit
Board practices:
There will be 8 hours of board practices throughout the course on different practical aspects related to health in each species studied:
1.- Taking and sending samples to the laboratory (EINFII PE1).
2.- Serology: practical applications (EINFII PE2).
3.- Rational use of antibiotics and interpretation of antibiograms (EINFII PE3).
4.- Livestock Health Defense Groups (ADSG) (EINFII PE4).
5.- Functions of the farm veterinarian (EINFII PE5).
6.- Functions of the veterinarian who manages the milk quality improvement programs (EINFII PE6).
7.- Design and evaluation of health programs (2 h, EINFII PE7 and EINFII PE8).
Clinical practices:
There will be 15 hours of practices divided into 4 sessions:
• Practice 1: control programs in small ruminants (EINFII C1, 4 h).
• Practice 2: control of mastitis in cattle (EINFII C2, 4 h).
• Practice 3: control programs in cattle (EINFII C3, 4 h).
• Practice 4: poultry farming (EINFII C4, 3 h).
Practices will be carried out on Campus Terra farm (EINFII C2 and EINFII C3) and on external farms (EINFII C1), whenever possible. Practice 4 (EINFII C4) will be carried out by simulating a visit to a poultry farm using the faculty’s facilities for virtual reality technologies. The content of these clinical practices will deal with different practical aspects of infectious diseases of the animal species included in the subject program:
• Risk factor assessment
• Assessment of the health situation of a farm / group
• Collection of biological samples of various kinds
• Treatment and control of infectious diseases
NOTE: it is recalled that in no case may photos or videos be taken during clinical practices without the express authorization of the owner of the facilities or the professor in charge.
Basic:
• SCOTT P.R.; PENNY C.D.; MACRAE A.I. 2011. Cattle medicine. Manson Publishing Ltd. London, UK.
• PEEK S.F.; DIVERS T.J. 2018. Rebhun´s diseases of dairy cattle, 3rd edition. Elsevier. St. Louis, USA.
• CONSTABLE P.D.; HINCHCLIFF K.W.; DONE S.H.; GRÜNBERG W. 2017. Veterinary Medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats, 11th edition. Elsevier. St. Louis, USA.
• GARCÍA-BOCANEGRA I.; ZAFRA R. 2019. Enfermedades infectocontagiosas en rumiantes, 1a edición. Elsevier España. Barcelona, España.
• PUGH D.G.; BAIRD A.N. 2012. Sheep and goat medicine, 2nd edition. Elsevier Saunders. Maryland Heights, USA.
• AITKEN I.D. 2007. Diseases of sheep, 4th edition. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford, UK.
• SMITH M.C.; SHERMAN D.M. 2009. Goat medicine, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell. Ames, USA.
• BOULIANNE M. 2012. Avian disease manual, 7th edition. American Association of Avian Pathologists, Inc. Florida, USA.
• TULLY JR T.N.; DORRESTEIN G.M.; JONES A.K. 2009. Handbook of avian medicine, 2nd edition. Elsevier Saunders. Maryland Heights, USA.
• DINEV I. 2011. Enfermedades de las aves, atlas a color 2ª edición. CEVA. Perú.
Complementary:
• KAHN C.M.; LINE S. 2012. Manual Merck de Veterinaria, 6ª edición. Océano, Barcelona, España.
• CONTRERAS A.; SÁNCHEZ A.; CORRALES J. C. 2001. Epidemiología veterinaria. Universidad de Murcia. Murcia.
• MACLACHLAN N.J. ET AL. 2017. Fenner´s Veterinary Virology, 5th edition. Academic Press, London, UK.
• MARKEY B. ET AL. 2013. Clinical Veterinary Microbiology, 2nd edition. Mosby Elsevier. St. Louis, USA.
• QUINN P.J. ET AL. 2017. Microbiología y enfermedades infecciosas veterinarias (2017). 2º edición. Editorial Acribia.
• RADOSTIS O. M. 2000. Examen y diagnóstico clínico en veterinaria. Mc Graw-Hill. México.
• Webs of interest:
o https://www.merckvetmanual.com
o https://www.oie.int/es/que-hacemos/normas/codigos-y-manuales/
o http://www.vetresponsable.es/vet-responsable/espanol/inicio_55_1_ap.html
o http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/
o http://www.neurovideos.vet.cornell.edu/index.aspx
Generic competences:
• Capacity to analyse and synthesis (GVUSC-02)
• Capacity to apply knowledge to practice (GVUSC-05)
• Capacity to work how autonomous or in multidisciplinary team (GVUSC-06)
Discipline specific competences:
• Basic principles and application of immunity (CEDVUSC-05)
• Knowledge and to diagnose the most common infectious diseases of animals, individuals and collectives, and the preventive program, especially zoonotic diseases and diseases of obligatory declaration (CEDVUSC-08)
Professional specific competences:
• To write up a clear and concise clinical record (anamnesis) and clinical exploration of the animals (DIVUSC-01)
• To select the suitable samples and send them in the correct conditions, with their corresponding report (DIVUSC-02)
• To diagnostic laboratories of specific infectious disease.by using analytical techniques evaluation (DIVUSC-04)
• To carry out epidemiological studies and prevent, control and eradication programs of infectious diseases in animals, especially zoonotic diseases and diseases of obligatory declaration (DIVUSC-05)
Academic specific competences:
• To analyse, to synthesis and resolve problems and take decisions in veterinary field (CEAUSC-01)
• To divulge the information obtained in a fluent way, oral and/or written (CEAUSC-03)
• Knowledge and application scientific methods in veterinary practice, especially in evidence base medicine (CEAUSC-05)
Transversal competences:
• Capacity to reason and to argue (CTVUSC-01)
• Capacity to elaborate and to present an organized and compressible text (CTVUSC-03)
• Ability to operate the TICs (CITVUSC-05)
• Capacity to resolve problems with integral application od knowledges (CTVUSC-07)
As this subject is aimed at future veterinary professionals, we intend to comply with the following basic methodological conditions:
a) To maintain a balance between the acquisition of theoretical knowledge and practical skills; we must not forget that in this discipline a series of necessary skills for the professional practice of veterinary medicine must be acquired.
b) To encourage the constant search for new information. This is not a static discipline and is in continuous evolution, so it is necessary for the student to learn to search for new information and analyzing it from a critical position.
The training activities with the presence of the teacher will be:
• Lectures (large group; 36 h): lesson given by the professor that can have different formats (theory, problems and / or general examples, general guidelines of the subject). The professor can count on the support of audiovisual and computer media, but, in general, students do not need to handle them in class.
• Board practices (large group; 8 h): theoretical-practical class in which students will receive training on practical aspects related to the exercise of the profession, discussing these aspects by all students. As far as possible, an attempt will be made to invite recognized professionals to bring their experience and points of view to the students.
• Clinical practices (small / very small groups; 14 h): hands on training practices in which the student carries out clinical procedures and techniques on live animals or their carcasses, on presential or virtual visits to farms or establishments in which the student develops an active job.
• Tutorials : tutorials scheduled by the professor (small / very small or individual groups; 1 h). Additionally, the student can request individual tutorials at established times, dedicated to supervising work, clarifying doubts about theory, exercises, programs, readings or other proposed tasks, debate or comment of works.
Within this structure, we can describe several parts in this course:
A.- Theoretical work: the professor will present the topics included in the program of the subject, and the student must acquire the basic knowledge of the discipline. The student must combine attendance at these theoretical classes with reading the recommended texts to expand their knowledge. Lectures, board practices, and tutorials are included in this group. In all the cases the students will be provided with scripts of lectures as well as diverse documents that are used during board practices.
B.- Work in groups of 4-5 students: two practical cases of the different species that they will have to solve independently and present in writing. The students will have to investigate until establishing an action protocol and answer the questions posed based on the knowledge acquired through the theoretical classes, the recommended bibliography, and the available information search tools. In order to split the workload along the semester, each practical case will be solved in each half of the semester. These practical assumptions cases will be facilitated and will have to be delivered resolved through the virtual classroom within the established deadlines (first practical case: by the first half of the semester; second practical case: by the last day of the teaching period)
C.- Practical Work: Throughout the course, the student must participate in the clinical practices of the subject, in order to develop the necessary skills for future professional practice. For each practice, the knowledge acquired by the student will be evaluated through questionnaires, rubrics or similar tools during practice. It must be noted that clinical practices are mandatory for all students to approve the subject, as well as obtaining at least 4 points out of 10 points in the clinical practice evaluation.
Supports to the course:
Throughout the course, students will have face-to-face support, being able to consult the different teachers of the subject, in the indicated tutoring hours. They will also have virtual support, being able to make inquiries via email.
In addition, in the "Infectious Diseases I" course of the USC VIRTUAL CAMPUS the student will find various content and communication tools. The purpose of this course is to integrate information and communication technologies (ICT) in the teaching of the subject.
The qualification of each student will be made through continuous evaluation and the completion of a final exam
The continuous evaluation will represent the qualifications obtained both in the practical cases raised that must be solved in groups (4-5 students) and in the different activities of evaluation of clinical practices (questionnaires, evaluation by rubric, etc.).
Thus, the final evaluation of the student will consider the following aspects:
1. Mandatory completion of clinical practices.
2. Practical Cases: students will do in groups of 4-5 students, a total of two practical cases throughout the course, which will be delivered by the established deadlines. Its resolution and the knowledge of the subject demonstrated will be valued.
3. Evaluation of clinical practices, either by means of a questionnaire, rubrics or other evaluation methods. Obtaining a minimum of 4 points out of 10 in the evaluation of the clinical practices will be mandatory to approve the subject.
4. Written Exam: in this section the theoretical-practical knowledge achieved by the student will be assessed. A final exam will be held on the dates established in the Academic Program of the Veterinary Faculty, and it will be mandatory to obtain 5 points out of 10 to approve the subject. The final exam will be a test that will consist of:
• 40-50 multiple choice test questions with only one true answer among four options. Every 2 incorrect answers will discount one correct answer. The score for this part will represent 50% of the exam qualification.
• 4 short questions to develop schematically. Each question will be scored from 0 to 10 points, and the score for this part (average of the 4 questions) will represent 50% of the exam qualification.
• The exams of all the course’s calls will have a similar format and the final grade will be calculated in the same way.
The content of the board practices may be included in the written exam.
In cases of fraudulent performance or plagiarism of exercises or tests, the provisions of the Normativa de avaliación do rendemento académico dos estudantes e de revisión de cualificacións will apply.
After the publication of the provisional notes of each exam, the student will be able to review their exercise and raise any doubts, suggestions or claims that they consider appropriate. The date and place of the reviews will be published together with the exam scores.
Final Qualification of the Subject:
The final grade for the course will be as follows:
• Continuous evaluation: 30 % of the final qualification composed of:
o Practical cases: 20 % (10 % each)
o Evaluation of clinical practices: 10%. It will be necessary to obtain at least 4 out of 10 points in this epigraph to approve the subject
• Written exam: 70% of the final qualification. To pass the course, the final exam will have to be passed with a qualification equal to or greater than 50% of its value (5/10 points).
The content presented in the lectures and board practices will be evaluated with the written exam and the practical cases.
The content presented in the clinical practices will be evaluated with their respective evaluation activities.
The exemption to lectures and board practices may be allowed for justified reasons, but the exemption to clinical practices will not proceed.
Recommendations for the Evaluation:
It is highly recommended to participate in the practical assumptions since they represent 20% of the final grade. It is also noteworthy that clinical practices must be carried out in order to pass the subject.
As for the recommendations when facing a final exam, it is important to remind students that it is essential to carefully read the statements of each question and all possible answers. In the short questions the student will have to adjust to what was asked and answer clearly and schematically.
Recommendations for Recovery:
It is important to take into account a series of aspects in the event that the student does not pass the subject in a given call:
• The grades of the theoretical exams are not maintained, so the student must again examine the theoretical content of the subject.
• The marks obtained in the practical cases and clinical practices will be saved in the following conditions:
o The grades of practical cases and clinical practices can be maintained for up to two years following the year in which the student got the mark.
o It is required that the student gets at least 4 points out of 10 in the global evaluation of the clinical practices and assists to all the sessions in order to the grade is retained.
o Students with previous grades for practical cases and/or clinical practices can apply for repeating the evaluation of any of the practical cases or of all the clinical practices (clinical practices cannot be repeated individually). When the student wants to repeat some of these, he will have to communicate this intention to the coordinator of the subject at the beginning of the course. Repeating one activity will lead to losing the previous grade for that activity.
Presential work in the classroom:
• Master classes 36 h
• Clinical practices 15 h
• Board practices 8 h
• Tutoring 1 h
Total presential work hours (10x No. of ECTS) 60 h
Student’s Individual work:
• Individual study 48 h
• Elaboration of practice memories 1 h
• Elaboration of works 20 h
• Bibliographic review, library use, etc. 4 h
• Attendance at talks or other recommended activities
• Resolution of practical cases/problems 12 h
• Exams 3 h
Total student’s individual work (15x No. of ECTS ) 90 h
Total working hours: 150 h
To study the content of the discipline, the following considerations will be taken into account:
• The differential diagnosis between the different infectious diseases that affect a certain animal species is essential. For its study and understanding, it is advisable to prepare synoptic tables that include the main epidemiological data, clinical signs and characteristic lesions of each of the diseases under study and to carry out a comparative study of the same based on similar and exclusive data for each one. of them.
• In order to learn the laboratory diagnostic techniques for each disease, it is convenient to classify the different infectious diseases by the etiological agent, independently of the affected animal species and the affected organic system. Subsequently, the main laboratory techniques applied for each disease will be noted and its analogy can be verified according to the etiologies of each disease:
o Analytical techniques for bacteria and depending on the type of bacteria, some more specific
o Analytical techniques for viruses and depending on the type of virus, some more specific, etc….
• For the study of the prevention, control and eradication measures of various diseases, it is convenient to carry it out in blocks of diseases that have general measures in common (eg: respiratory diseases of sheep and goats, etc ...) and then study the measures. specific to some of the diseases.
• For the knowledge of the different vaccination guidelines against each infectious disease, it is always very useful to take into account at what time of year, age of affected animals or production phase where the disease appears most frequently and, therefore, when interested in using vaccination.
In conclusion, it is essential to learn the discipline from a differential and comparative point of view between the different infectious diseases under study and not the independent study of each one of them.
Finally, for the learning, study and understanding of the practical assumptions it is essential that the student does not lose at any time the practical sense that must be given in their development, applying the theoretical knowledge learned, but with a logical, economic and feasible vision, according to the mentality of the farmer, etc.
Materials:
Before their development in class, the summaries of the presentations that will be used in the theoretical sessions in pdf will be provided in the course of the subject in the Virtual Campus.
This material must be completed with the notes and notes taken in class.
Recommended work method and activities to be carried out:
The student must complete the presentation of the topics with the notes and clarifications made in the theoretical classes.
It is advisable to review the production systems that are reflected according to the species studied.
It is also important to review the materials of each species before carrying out the corresponding practices in order to get a better use of them.
Coordinator: José Manuel Díaz Cao
Gonzalo Fernández Rodríguez
- Department
- Animal Pathology
- Area
- Animal Health
- gonzalo.fernandez [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Lecturer
Alberto Prieto Lago
- Department
- Animal Pathology
- Area
- Animal Health
- alberto.prieto [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: Temporary PhD professor
José Manuel Diaz Cao
Coordinador/a- Department
- Animal Pathology
- Area
- Animal Health
- josemanueldiaz.cao [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: LOU (Organic Law for Universities) PhD Assistant Professor
Cristiana Filipa Cazapal Monteiro
- Department
- Animal Pathology
- Area
- Animal Health
- cristiana.cazapal [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: LOU (Organic Law for Universities) PhD Assistant Professor
| Monday | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 12:00-13:00 | Grupo /TI-ECTS08 | Spanish | Classroom 5 |
| 12:00-13:00 | Grupo /TI-ECTS11 | Spanish | Classroom 5 |
| 12:00-13:00 | Grupo /TI-ECTS03 | Spanish | Classroom 5 |
| 12:00-13:00 | Grupo /TI-ECTS06 | Spanish | Classroom 5 |
| 12:00-13:00 | Grupo /TI-ECTS09 | Spanish | Classroom 5 |
| 12:00-13:00 | Grupo /TI-ECTS01 | Spanish | Classroom 5 |
| 12:00-13:00 | Grupo /TI-ECTS04 | Spanish | Classroom 5 |
| 12:00-13:00 | Grupo /TI-ECTS07 | Spanish | Classroom 5 |
| 12:00-13:00 | Grupo /TI-ECTS10 | Spanish | Classroom 5 |
| 12:00-13:00 | Grupo /TI-ECTS02 | Spanish | Classroom 5 |
| 12:00-13:00 | Grupo /TI-ECTS05 | Spanish | Classroom 5 |
| 15:00-16:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Classroom 2 |
| Wednesday | |||
| 17:00-19:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Classroom 2 |
| Thursday | |||
| 18:00-19:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Classroom 2 |
| Friday | |||
| 16:00-17:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Classroom 2 |
| 01.08.2024 12:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 1 |
| 01.08.2024 12:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 2 |
| 01.08.2024 12:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 3 |
| 07.12.2024 12:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 2 |