Programa Vírate: Intervention aimed at minors who sexually assult.
Authorship
S.A.R.
Bachelor of Criminology
S.A.R.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
06.30.2025 11:30
06.30.2025 11:30
Summary
This Final Degree Project presents the design of a criminological intervention program aimed at minors serving a judicial measure for the commission of sexual offenses, as defined under Title VIII of the Spanish Penal Code (1995). The proposal arises from the low availability of specific interventions for this type of offense in the Galician region. The program is designed for implementation at this region with the objective to reduce the risk of recidivism through intervention on dynamic risk factors identified in criminology as precipitating elements of criminal behavior. To this end, a multisystemic approach is adopted, primarily based on the cognitive-behavioral model, addressing areas such as problem recognition, healthy sexuality, self-esteem, victim empathy, emotional self-regulation, and the identification of personal and social aspirations. The program is structured into seven modules, with weekly activities that combine group-based theoretical-practical dynamics with individualized work. In order to evaluate the program’s effectiveness, an intergroup assessment is proposed using an adapted version of the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II (J-SOAP-II), applying the intervention to an experimental group and comparing it to a control group. The aim is to obtain comparative results that support the validity of the intervention. Ultimately, it is expected that, following the program’s implementation, the experimental group will show significant reduction in risk factors associated with unlawful sexual behavior.
This Final Degree Project presents the design of a criminological intervention program aimed at minors serving a judicial measure for the commission of sexual offenses, as defined under Title VIII of the Spanish Penal Code (1995). The proposal arises from the low availability of specific interventions for this type of offense in the Galician region. The program is designed for implementation at this region with the objective to reduce the risk of recidivism through intervention on dynamic risk factors identified in criminology as precipitating elements of criminal behavior. To this end, a multisystemic approach is adopted, primarily based on the cognitive-behavioral model, addressing areas such as problem recognition, healthy sexuality, self-esteem, victim empathy, emotional self-regulation, and the identification of personal and social aspirations. The program is structured into seven modules, with weekly activities that combine group-based theoretical-practical dynamics with individualized work. In order to evaluate the program’s effectiveness, an intergroup assessment is proposed using an adapted version of the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II (J-SOAP-II), applying the intervention to an experimental group and comparing it to a control group. The aim is to obtain comparative results that support the validity of the intervention. Ultimately, it is expected that, following the program’s implementation, the experimental group will show significant reduction in risk factors associated with unlawful sexual behavior.
Direction
PICON PRADO, EDUARDO (Tutorships)
PICON PRADO, EDUARDO (Tutorships)
Court
PICON PRADO, EDUARDO (Student’s tutor)
PICON PRADO, EDUARDO (Student’s tutor)
Rhetoric in the contemporary legal sistem
Authorship
G.A.A.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
G.A.A.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
02.20.2025 11:00
02.20.2025 11:00
Summary
Rhetoric is an art that has been practiced since the beginning of rational human existence. This art, which is rarely studied today, is a powerful tool for contemporary legal practitioners. This work seeks to understand the importance of rhetoric in the legal field. To achieve this goal, it is crucial to understand the fundamentals of the subject, as rhetoric is closely linked to legal argumentation, each needing the other to complement and achieve the ultimate goal, which must always be justice. This powerful tool, known as rhetoric, was studied in ancient Greece by great philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero, among others. However, even in the 20th century, philosophers like Charles Perelman and Robert Alexy continued to explore the subject. Today, legal philosophy is losing its presence within law schools. Legal argumentation and rhetoric, arts that have been practiced for centuries, are weakening because their study is no longer encouraged in university classrooms. However, when these two disciplines are combined, they possess a high persuasive power, some call it psychological manipulation, while others understand it as guiding the soul toward justice. Like everything in this world, rhetoric has both a positive and a negative side. The positive aspect, as mentioned, aims at the pursuit of truth and the application of justice. However, what happens if someone uses rhetoric for malicious purposes? This is why it is essential to recognize the intention behind its application
Rhetoric is an art that has been practiced since the beginning of rational human existence. This art, which is rarely studied today, is a powerful tool for contemporary legal practitioners. This work seeks to understand the importance of rhetoric in the legal field. To achieve this goal, it is crucial to understand the fundamentals of the subject, as rhetoric is closely linked to legal argumentation, each needing the other to complement and achieve the ultimate goal, which must always be justice. This powerful tool, known as rhetoric, was studied in ancient Greece by great philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero, among others. However, even in the 20th century, philosophers like Charles Perelman and Robert Alexy continued to explore the subject. Today, legal philosophy is losing its presence within law schools. Legal argumentation and rhetoric, arts that have been practiced for centuries, are weakening because their study is no longer encouraged in university classrooms. However, when these two disciplines are combined, they possess a high persuasive power, some call it psychological manipulation, while others understand it as guiding the soul toward justice. Like everything in this world, rhetoric has both a positive and a negative side. The positive aspect, as mentioned, aims at the pursuit of truth and the application of justice. However, what happens if someone uses rhetoric for malicious purposes? This is why it is essential to recognize the intention behind its application
Direction
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Tutorships)
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Student’s tutor)
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Student’s tutor)
The production of evidence obtained by private parties in criminal proceedings
Authorship
N.A.P.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
N.A.P.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 13:15
06.26.2025 13:15
Summary
The purpose of this paper is limited to an analysis of the evidence that may be provided by individuals in criminal proceedings. Firstly, and in order to situate the reader, a brief outline is given of the guiding principles present in this area. Under these premises, the necessary theoretical notions of unlawfulness and the rule of evidential exclusion are set out. In order to help create a complete picture, we have studied the effects of this phenomenon and, in particular, the risk to which the fundamental rights and freedoms of both parties and third parties are exposed. On this basis of knowledge, we proceed to an examination of the diverse casuistry that has reached our courts: from the pioneering court rulings, to the well-known Falciani case, and up to the present day. We have observed the requirements demanded by the courts for the admissibility of this evidence in the process. Ultimately, we have collected the consequences derived from the changes in jurisprudential direction in the absence of an efficient and solid normative statement.
The purpose of this paper is limited to an analysis of the evidence that may be provided by individuals in criminal proceedings. Firstly, and in order to situate the reader, a brief outline is given of the guiding principles present in this area. Under these premises, the necessary theoretical notions of unlawfulness and the rule of evidential exclusion are set out. In order to help create a complete picture, we have studied the effects of this phenomenon and, in particular, the risk to which the fundamental rights and freedoms of both parties and third parties are exposed. On this basis of knowledge, we proceed to an examination of the diverse casuistry that has reached our courts: from the pioneering court rulings, to the well-known Falciani case, and up to the present day. We have observed the requirements demanded by the courts for the admissibility of this evidence in the process. Ultimately, we have collected the consequences derived from the changes in jurisprudential direction in the absence of an efficient and solid normative statement.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ ALVAREZ, ANA (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ ALVAREZ, ANA (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ ALVAREZ, ANA (Student’s tutor)
RODRIGUEZ ALVAREZ, ANA (Student’s tutor)
International contracts. Restrictions to the exercise of the freedom of choice under Article 3 of the Rome I Regulation: domestic and intra-EU contracts (Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of Rome I).
Authorship
P.A.S.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
P.A.S.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 12:00
06.26.2025 12:00
Summary
This work aims to analyze the scope of party autonomy in the context of the choice of applicable law in international contractual obligations, from the perspective of Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the Rome I Regulation. To this end, the study first examines the scope of application of Article 3.3, placing special emphasis on identifying when a situation is considered domestic and when it is international, with particular attention to the recent CJEU judgment in Inkreal. It also seeks to explain the effects that may arise from a choice-of-law agreement in complex scenarios, such as references to non-State normative frameworks, the so-called lex mercatoria, and the role of substantive autonomy in such choices. Likewise, attention will also be given to clarifying the scope of application of Article 3.4, determining which countries can be considered Member States, and the nature of the Community law provisions that may qualify as overriding mandatory rules taking into account the issue posed by the article’s requirement to apply the lex fori, as well as its spatial relationship with other rules contained in EU legal instruments. Once the scope of application and the nature of the rules covered by both articles have been defined, the paper will examine the relationship between domestic overriding mandatory provisions and the lois de police set out in Article 9 of the Rome I Regulation.
This work aims to analyze the scope of party autonomy in the context of the choice of applicable law in international contractual obligations, from the perspective of Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the Rome I Regulation. To this end, the study first examines the scope of application of Article 3.3, placing special emphasis on identifying when a situation is considered domestic and when it is international, with particular attention to the recent CJEU judgment in Inkreal. It also seeks to explain the effects that may arise from a choice-of-law agreement in complex scenarios, such as references to non-State normative frameworks, the so-called lex mercatoria, and the role of substantive autonomy in such choices. Likewise, attention will also be given to clarifying the scope of application of Article 3.4, determining which countries can be considered Member States, and the nature of the Community law provisions that may qualify as overriding mandatory rules taking into account the issue posed by the article’s requirement to apply the lex fori, as well as its spatial relationship with other rules contained in EU legal instruments. Once the scope of application and the nature of the rules covered by both articles have been defined, the paper will examine the relationship between domestic overriding mandatory provisions and the lois de police set out in Article 9 of the Rome I Regulation.
Direction
MASEDA RODRÍGUEZ, JAVIER (Tutorships)
MASEDA RODRÍGUEZ, JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
MASEDA RODRÍGUEZ, JAVIER (Student’s tutor)
MASEDA RODRÍGUEZ, JAVIER (Student’s tutor)
Training contracts
Authorship
D.A.S.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
D.A.S.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 11:00
06.26.2025 11:00
Summary
This paper analyzes the evolution and regulation of training contracts in Spain, emphasizing their role in the labor market integration and professional, qualification of young people. Royal Decree-Law 32/2021 introduced key modifications to their regulation, establishing the training contract in two forms: alternating training and the acquisition of professional practice appropriate to the level of education. Historically, training contracts have evolved to adapt to the needs of the labor market and the education system. Previously, various types coexisted such as the internship contract and the training and apprenticeship contract which caused some confusion and segmentation. The reform aimed to simplify the legal framework and enhance the integration of education with work experience. The impact of this reform lies in the need to reduce job insecurity and improve youth employability. New conditions were established to ensure that the training purpose of these contracts is fulfilled, preventing their misuse as a source of cheap labor without real training. Furthermore, the reform encourages greater coordination between companies and educational institutions to improve the quality of the training provided. The new regulation represents progress in terms of protection and rights for workers in training, but it also highlights the administrative burden it places on companies and the need for effective supervision to prevent abuse. Therefore, the success of these contracts will depend on their proper implementation and the ability of institutions to promote their appropriate use, ensuring that they truly contribute to the professional qualification and job stability of young workers in Spain.
This paper analyzes the evolution and regulation of training contracts in Spain, emphasizing their role in the labor market integration and professional, qualification of young people. Royal Decree-Law 32/2021 introduced key modifications to their regulation, establishing the training contract in two forms: alternating training and the acquisition of professional practice appropriate to the level of education. Historically, training contracts have evolved to adapt to the needs of the labor market and the education system. Previously, various types coexisted such as the internship contract and the training and apprenticeship contract which caused some confusion and segmentation. The reform aimed to simplify the legal framework and enhance the integration of education with work experience. The impact of this reform lies in the need to reduce job insecurity and improve youth employability. New conditions were established to ensure that the training purpose of these contracts is fulfilled, preventing their misuse as a source of cheap labor without real training. Furthermore, the reform encourages greater coordination between companies and educational institutions to improve the quality of the training provided. The new regulation represents progress in terms of protection and rights for workers in training, but it also highlights the administrative burden it places on companies and the need for effective supervision to prevent abuse. Therefore, the success of these contracts will depend on their proper implementation and the ability of institutions to promote their appropriate use, ensuring that they truly contribute to the professional qualification and job stability of young workers in Spain.
Direction
FERNANDEZ MARTINEZ, SILVIA (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MARTINEZ, SILVIA (Tutorships)
Court
FERNANDEZ MARTINEZ, SILVIA (Student’s tutor)
FERNANDEZ MARTINEZ, SILVIA (Student’s tutor)
The crime of murder: the hyper-aggravated murder of article 140.1 of the Criminal Code.
Authorship
H.A.Y.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
H.A.Y.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.30.2025 12:00
06.30.2025 12:00
Summary
Murder is the most serious of the crimes against life included in the Criminal Code. Despite having long been punishable by the harshest penalties, in 2015 the legislator introduced, through Article 140.1 of the Criminal Code, a hyper-aggravated type of crime, based on three circumstances that determine the imposition of permanent reviewable prison, which will be the main focus of this analysis. To do so, it is necessary to begin by studying the constituent elements of murder, since, as will be explained later, they are closely related to many of the problems posed by the application of Article 140.1 of the Criminal Code. Likewise, the other common aspects of the basic type, as well as the aggravated type, will be briefly analyzed. The most common problems related to the application and interpretation of the circumstances of Article 140.1 of the Criminal Code will then be addressed, especially in relation to its tendency to violate the principle of ne bis in idem, considering the solutions, generally lacking consensus, provided by case law and doctrine. Furthermore, through this individualized study of the different circumstances, the main and numerous criticisms highlighted by various authors regarding its introduction into the penal text will be reflected. Finally, the constitutionality problems that appear to surround the permanent reviewable prison will be presented, as well as the (again, numerous) criticisms to which it has been subjected.
Murder is the most serious of the crimes against life included in the Criminal Code. Despite having long been punishable by the harshest penalties, in 2015 the legislator introduced, through Article 140.1 of the Criminal Code, a hyper-aggravated type of crime, based on three circumstances that determine the imposition of permanent reviewable prison, which will be the main focus of this analysis. To do so, it is necessary to begin by studying the constituent elements of murder, since, as will be explained later, they are closely related to many of the problems posed by the application of Article 140.1 of the Criminal Code. Likewise, the other common aspects of the basic type, as well as the aggravated type, will be briefly analyzed. The most common problems related to the application and interpretation of the circumstances of Article 140.1 of the Criminal Code will then be addressed, especially in relation to its tendency to violate the principle of ne bis in idem, considering the solutions, generally lacking consensus, provided by case law and doctrine. Furthermore, through this individualized study of the different circumstances, the main and numerous criticisms highlighted by various authors regarding its introduction into the penal text will be reflected. Finally, the constitutionality problems that appear to surround the permanent reviewable prison will be presented, as well as the (again, numerous) criticisms to which it has been subjected.
Direction
BRAGE CENDAN, SANTIAGO BERNARDO (Tutorships)
BRAGE CENDAN, SANTIAGO BERNARDO (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ-PORTOMEÑE SEIJAS, FERNANDO ANTONIO (Chairman)
Valeije Álvarez, María Inmaculada (Secretary)
GUINARTE CABADA, GUMERSINDO (Member)
VAZQUEZ-PORTOMEÑE SEIJAS, FERNANDO ANTONIO (Chairman)
Valeije Álvarez, María Inmaculada (Secretary)
GUINARTE CABADA, GUMERSINDO (Member)
The Foreign Administration
Authorship
L.A.D.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
L.A.D.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.27.2025 11:00
06.27.2025 11:00
Summary
Within the framework of the Spanish Constitution, international relations are among the exclusive powers of the state. The government directs foreign policy, which makes its president a key figure. The formal importance of the King, to whom a representative role is attributed, is worth highlighting. The legislature is responsible for authorising some treaties and must be informed of the rest, while other treaties, which involve the transfer of the exercise of powers derived from the Constitution, require an organic law. Foreign policy is divided in several stages: elaboration, implementation, and control. The model of legislative control differs in different countries. However, it is important to consider that the foreign policy of the many autocracies that exist in the world cannot be analysed in the same terms, considering the functioning of the administration in totalitarian regimes and the marked personalism in decision-making in other cases. The interaction between domestic and foreign policy is also relevant. The principle of unity of action abroad is important to ensure good coordination. On a practical level, this means that different departments don’t act in a fully independent manner. The external action of Autonomous Communities is foreseen in several Statutes of Autonomy. The Constitutional Court has ruled on the case of Catalonia: The Communities may carry out activities outside of Spain in the exercise of their competences, but they cannot maintain relations between international subjects that are specific to international law. Regarding the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the work of the High Representative and the President of the European Council must be highlighted. Although foreign policy is a competence of the Member States, they must be loyal, which means not acting against the interests of the European Union.
Within the framework of the Spanish Constitution, international relations are among the exclusive powers of the state. The government directs foreign policy, which makes its president a key figure. The formal importance of the King, to whom a representative role is attributed, is worth highlighting. The legislature is responsible for authorising some treaties and must be informed of the rest, while other treaties, which involve the transfer of the exercise of powers derived from the Constitution, require an organic law. Foreign policy is divided in several stages: elaboration, implementation, and control. The model of legislative control differs in different countries. However, it is important to consider that the foreign policy of the many autocracies that exist in the world cannot be analysed in the same terms, considering the functioning of the administration in totalitarian regimes and the marked personalism in decision-making in other cases. The interaction between domestic and foreign policy is also relevant. The principle of unity of action abroad is important to ensure good coordination. On a practical level, this means that different departments don’t act in a fully independent manner. The external action of Autonomous Communities is foreseen in several Statutes of Autonomy. The Constitutional Court has ruled on the case of Catalonia: The Communities may carry out activities outside of Spain in the exercise of their competences, but they cannot maintain relations between international subjects that are specific to international law. Regarding the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the work of the High Representative and the President of the European Council must be highlighted. Although foreign policy is a competence of the Member States, they must be loyal, which means not acting against the interests of the European Union.
Direction
VILLANUEVA TURNES, ALEJANDRO (Tutorships)
VILLANUEVA TURNES, ALEJANDRO (Tutorships)
Court
VILLANUEVA TURNES, ALEJANDRO (Student’s tutor)
VILLANUEVA TURNES, ALEJANDRO (Student’s tutor)
Legal analysis of the institutional response to gender-based violence: special reference to Organic Law 1/2004
Authorship
E.B.L.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
E.B.L.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 17:30
06.26.2025 17:30
Summary
Gender-based violence is a manifestation of structural inequality between men and women, exercised within the sphere of intimate relationships, where the woman is always the passive subject and the man the active subject. This form of violence, which remained hidden and normalized for a long time, has generated growing concern and social rejection, leading to the transformation of public and legal policies aimed at its eradication. In the legal sphere, this evolution has resulted in the enactment of laws that address gender-based violence from a comprehensive perspective, moving beyond a purely criminal approach to incorporate prevention, assistance, and protection measures for victims. Organic Law 1/2004 represents a turning point, establishing a cross-sectoral response involving various judicial and social bodies. In addition to legislation, there has also been significant doctrinal and jurisprudential development, with the participation of various legal and academic institutions contributing to the definition of the boundaries, challenges, and possibilities in combating this specific form of violence. Among the most notable measures are precautionary measures and the creation of specialized courts, which enable a swifter and more effective response. This paper focuses on the procedural treatment of such situations, analyzing the existing legal instruments, the rights recognized for victims, and the mechanisms activated to ensure their protection. It concludes by assessing the progress made and emphasizing the need to continue improving resources and professional training in order to achieve a more sensitive, accessible, and effective justice system.
Gender-based violence is a manifestation of structural inequality between men and women, exercised within the sphere of intimate relationships, where the woman is always the passive subject and the man the active subject. This form of violence, which remained hidden and normalized for a long time, has generated growing concern and social rejection, leading to the transformation of public and legal policies aimed at its eradication. In the legal sphere, this evolution has resulted in the enactment of laws that address gender-based violence from a comprehensive perspective, moving beyond a purely criminal approach to incorporate prevention, assistance, and protection measures for victims. Organic Law 1/2004 represents a turning point, establishing a cross-sectoral response involving various judicial and social bodies. In addition to legislation, there has also been significant doctrinal and jurisprudential development, with the participation of various legal and academic institutions contributing to the definition of the boundaries, challenges, and possibilities in combating this specific form of violence. Among the most notable measures are precautionary measures and the creation of specialized courts, which enable a swifter and more effective response. This paper focuses on the procedural treatment of such situations, analyzing the existing legal instruments, the rights recognized for victims, and the mechanisms activated to ensure their protection. It concludes by assessing the progress made and emphasizing the need to continue improving resources and professional training in order to achieve a more sensitive, accessible, and effective justice system.
Direction
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
iability for damages caused to third parties during the execution pase of an administrative contract.
Authorship
S.B.P.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
S.B.P.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.27.2025 10:00
06.27.2025 10:00
Summary
Public Administrations frecuently use the different existing contractual formulas -among them, administrative contracts- for the management of public services under their ownership , for the construction and management of infrastructures, etc. During the execution of these public contracts, damage or prejudice may be caused to citizens. In such a situation, the legislation provides for a general rule of attribution liability to the contractor or concessionaire, as well as a series of exceptions according to which the liability falls on the contracting Administrarion. The applicable legal regime and the competent jurisdiction to hear any claims will differ depending on the subjects involved. How ever, there are no clear rules that allow a clear answer to the caustic that may be presnted. In this work, an attemp will be made to systematize the application criteria by analizyng the jurisprudential pronouncements and the doctrine of the administrative bodies in the field of public procurement.
Public Administrations frecuently use the different existing contractual formulas -among them, administrative contracts- for the management of public services under their ownership , for the construction and management of infrastructures, etc. During the execution of these public contracts, damage or prejudice may be caused to citizens. In such a situation, the legislation provides for a general rule of attribution liability to the contractor or concessionaire, as well as a series of exceptions according to which the liability falls on the contracting Administrarion. The applicable legal regime and the competent jurisdiction to hear any claims will differ depending on the subjects involved. How ever, there are no clear rules that allow a clear answer to the caustic that may be presnted. In this work, an attemp will be made to systematize the application criteria by analizyng the jurisprudential pronouncements and the doctrine of the administrative bodies in the field of public procurement.
Direction
Santiago Iglesias, Diana (Tutorships)
Santiago Iglesias, Diana (Tutorships)
Court
Santiago Iglesias, Diana (Student’s tutor)
Santiago Iglesias, Diana (Student’s tutor)
Opioid Substance Use Disorder
Authorship
L.C.L.
Bachelor of Criminology
L.C.L.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
07.01.2025 17:00
07.01.2025 17:00
Summary
Opioid Use Disorder manifests when an individual uses these drugs in an improper or dangerous manner, leading to habitual problematic use. This behavior significantly affects the person’s daily life, impacting their physical, emotional, social, and professional health. Instead of using the technical term opioid use disorder, words like dependence or addiction are often used to refer to this issue. Dependence is described as a condition in which the body has become accustomed to the drug; therefore, upon discontinuing its use, withdrawal symptoms may occur, which can be severe and difficult to endure. On the other hand, addiction is related to a chronic brain disorder in which the person feels a compulsive urge to use the substance, even while recognizing that it seriously harms their health and surroundings. The risk of developing this type of disorder increases significantly when opioids are misused. This includes taking higher doses than prescribed, using them more frequently than recommended, taking the medications for recreational purposes to seek a feeling of euphoria, or consuming opioids that were not prescribed to the person. With the growing prevalence of this issue in various parts of society, it is essential to raise awareness about its origins, effects, and ways to prevent it. Therefore, this work aims to highlight the seriousness of opioid use disorder and promote reflection on the responsible use of these medications, as well as the need for interventions in the legal, healthcare, and educational fields.
Opioid Use Disorder manifests when an individual uses these drugs in an improper or dangerous manner, leading to habitual problematic use. This behavior significantly affects the person’s daily life, impacting their physical, emotional, social, and professional health. Instead of using the technical term opioid use disorder, words like dependence or addiction are often used to refer to this issue. Dependence is described as a condition in which the body has become accustomed to the drug; therefore, upon discontinuing its use, withdrawal symptoms may occur, which can be severe and difficult to endure. On the other hand, addiction is related to a chronic brain disorder in which the person feels a compulsive urge to use the substance, even while recognizing that it seriously harms their health and surroundings. The risk of developing this type of disorder increases significantly when opioids are misused. This includes taking higher doses than prescribed, using them more frequently than recommended, taking the medications for recreational purposes to seek a feeling of euphoria, or consuming opioids that were not prescribed to the person. With the growing prevalence of this issue in various parts of society, it is essential to raise awareness about its origins, effects, and ways to prevent it. Therefore, this work aims to highlight the seriousness of opioid use disorder and promote reflection on the responsible use of these medications, as well as the need for interventions in the legal, healthcare, and educational fields.
Direction
VICENTE ALBA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
VICENTE ALBA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
TORRES IGLESIAS, ANGELA JUANA (Chairman)
ARROJO ROMERO, MANUEL (Secretary)
VIDAL MILLARES, MARIA (Member)
TORRES IGLESIAS, ANGELA JUANA (Chairman)
ARROJO ROMERO, MANUEL (Secretary)
VIDAL MILLARES, MARIA (Member)
The legal framework for wind energy production in Galicia. Between administrative simplification and environmental deregulation.
Authorship
R.C.L.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
R.C.L.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
07.01.2025 13:30
07.01.2025 13:30
Summary
The wind sector in Galicia is currently experiencing a halt in terms of the installation of new wind farms that allow progress in the production of this renewable energy. Despite legislative and business initiatives that seek to encourage the growth of this sector, the processing of projects is being compromised by a series of judicial decisions. The wind energy sector in Galicia is currently experiencing a slowdown in the installation of new wind farms that would allow for further development in the production of this renewable energy. Despite legislative and business initiatives that seek to encourage the growth of this sector, the processing of projects is being compromised by a series of judicial decisions, primarily by the Tribunal Superior de Xustiza de Galicia, and by opposition from certain sectors of society, which drive most of the judicial proceedings. The importance of the wind energy sector encompasses both material, economic and territorial impact; and environmental issues. In this work, we attempt to examine the regulatory framework governing wind energy production in Galicia, as well as a series of problematic legal, administrative, and legislative provisions that the galician govern has been promoting in response to these difficulties. A series of regulatory changes that in recent years have subjected this sector to continuous reforms and administrative simplification measures. In this context, we analyze whether the reforms introduced in the administrative procedures for authorizing wind energy projects reflect a desire to simplify and streamline procedures or, instead, conceal a trend toward deregulation, the elimination of guarantees for the protection of the general interest, the relaxation of environmental controls, or a reduction in public participation in administrative decision-making processes.
The wind sector in Galicia is currently experiencing a halt in terms of the installation of new wind farms that allow progress in the production of this renewable energy. Despite legislative and business initiatives that seek to encourage the growth of this sector, the processing of projects is being compromised by a series of judicial decisions. The wind energy sector in Galicia is currently experiencing a slowdown in the installation of new wind farms that would allow for further development in the production of this renewable energy. Despite legislative and business initiatives that seek to encourage the growth of this sector, the processing of projects is being compromised by a series of judicial decisions, primarily by the Tribunal Superior de Xustiza de Galicia, and by opposition from certain sectors of society, which drive most of the judicial proceedings. The importance of the wind energy sector encompasses both material, economic and territorial impact; and environmental issues. In this work, we attempt to examine the regulatory framework governing wind energy production in Galicia, as well as a series of problematic legal, administrative, and legislative provisions that the galician govern has been promoting in response to these difficulties. A series of regulatory changes that in recent years have subjected this sector to continuous reforms and administrative simplification measures. In this context, we analyze whether the reforms introduced in the administrative procedures for authorizing wind energy projects reflect a desire to simplify and streamline procedures or, instead, conceal a trend toward deregulation, the elimination of guarantees for the protection of the general interest, the relaxation of environmental controls, or a reduction in public participation in administrative decision-making processes.
Direction
PUENTES COCIÑA, BELTRAN (Tutorships)
PUENTES COCIÑA, BELTRAN (Tutorships)
Court
SANJURJO RIVO, VICENTE ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA TURNES, ALEJANDRO (Secretary)
ARENAS MEZA, MIGUEL ENRIQUE (Member)
SANJURJO RIVO, VICENTE ANTONIO (Chairman)
VILLANUEVA TURNES, ALEJANDRO (Secretary)
ARENAS MEZA, MIGUEL ENRIQUE (Member)
Parallel trials on social media: a study of the case of Juana Rivas
Authorship
M.C.G.
Bachelor of Criminology
M.C.G.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
06.30.2025 13:00
06.30.2025 13:00
Summary
Parallel trials create polarized and radical opinions regarding media-mediated criminal proceedings and the parties involved, which can affect their fundamental rights. In this scenario, social media acts as a sounding board for these discourses, increasing their danger and potentially influencing the legal development of the proceedings. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the Juana Rivas case through content analysis, applying an analytical-descriptive methodology with different categories of analysis to a corpus of messages published on the social network X.
Parallel trials create polarized and radical opinions regarding media-mediated criminal proceedings and the parties involved, which can affect their fundamental rights. In this scenario, social media acts as a sounding board for these discourses, increasing their danger and potentially influencing the legal development of the proceedings. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the Juana Rivas case through content analysis, applying an analytical-descriptive methodology with different categories of analysis to a corpus of messages published on the social network X.
Direction
HAZ GOMEZ, FRANCISCO EDUARDO (Tutorships)
HAZ GOMEZ, FRANCISCO EDUARDO (Tutorships)
Court
HAZ GOMEZ, FRANCISCO EDUARDO (Student’s tutor)
HAZ GOMEZ, FRANCISCO EDUARDO (Student’s tutor)
Telephone Interceptions in Criminal Proceedings
Authorship
N.C.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
N.C.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 11:30
06.26.2025 11:30
Summary
The following work focuses on telephone interception measures as investigative actions carried out during criminal proceedings. It will address what these measures entail and the requirements established by the current Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal for their lawful implementation.
The following work focuses on telephone interception measures as investigative actions carried out during criminal proceedings. It will address what these measures entail and the requirements established by the current Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal for their lawful implementation.
Direction
Noya Ferreiro, Maria Lourdes (Tutorships)
Noya Ferreiro, Maria Lourdes (Tutorships)
Court
Noya Ferreiro, Maria Lourdes (Student’s tutor)
Noya Ferreiro, Maria Lourdes (Student’s tutor)
The influence of socialization and personality on juvenile delinquency
Authorship
N.C.P.
Bachelor of Criminology
N.C.P.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
06.30.2025 12:30
06.30.2025 12:30
Summary
This academic work analyzes the influence of socialization processes and personality traits on juvenile delinquency in Spain. Using a qualitative approach and statistical analysis of data from 2018 to 2023, it studies the profile of juvenile offenders and associated risk factors, such as family disruption, academic failure, drug use, and membership in antisocial groups. The work also examines the evolution of crimes committed by minors, the most frequent being injuries, robberies, and thefts, and highlights an increase in recidivism. It also analyzes the effectiveness of the judicial measures applied and proposes the Triple Risk Model as an explanatory framework for continued offending. The study concludes that a comprehensive prevention and intervention approach combining family, educational, and community support is necessary to reduce juvenile delinquency and promote social reintegration.
This academic work analyzes the influence of socialization processes and personality traits on juvenile delinquency in Spain. Using a qualitative approach and statistical analysis of data from 2018 to 2023, it studies the profile of juvenile offenders and associated risk factors, such as family disruption, academic failure, drug use, and membership in antisocial groups. The work also examines the evolution of crimes committed by minors, the most frequent being injuries, robberies, and thefts, and highlights an increase in recidivism. It also analyzes the effectiveness of the judicial measures applied and proposes the Triple Risk Model as an explanatory framework for continued offending. The study concludes that a comprehensive prevention and intervention approach combining family, educational, and community support is necessary to reduce juvenile delinquency and promote social reintegration.
Direction
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Tutorships)
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Tutorships)
Court
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Student’s tutor)
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Student’s tutor)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
L.C.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
L.C.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 19:00
06.26.2025 19:00
Summary
This paper analyzes the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) in criminal proceedings, with a specific focus on evidence. It examines the effects of AI on the collection and analysis of criminal evidence, highlighting advantages such as increased efficiency and data processing capabilities, while also addressing risks such as evidence falsification, algorithmic opacity, potential discriminatory biases, and the infringement of procedural principles. These concerns are discussed alongside the main legal and ethical challenges stemming from the use of AI, such as the guarantee of due process, human oversight, system transparency, and the need for clear regulations that protect fundamental rights and ensure the legitimacy of automated judicial decisions. The study also explores the European and Spanish regulatory frameworks, including the recent adoption of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 on AI, as well as key legal instruments such as the GDPR, Spain’s LOPDGDD, and the Charter of Digital Rights. Finally, it assesses whether AI can improve the technical and operational aspects of criminal justice without allowing efficiency to override individual rights and the principles of the Rule of Law, concluding that AI can be a useful tool to support judicial work, but must be applied with caution.
This paper analyzes the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) in criminal proceedings, with a specific focus on evidence. It examines the effects of AI on the collection and analysis of criminal evidence, highlighting advantages such as increased efficiency and data processing capabilities, while also addressing risks such as evidence falsification, algorithmic opacity, potential discriminatory biases, and the infringement of procedural principles. These concerns are discussed alongside the main legal and ethical challenges stemming from the use of AI, such as the guarantee of due process, human oversight, system transparency, and the need for clear regulations that protect fundamental rights and ensure the legitimacy of automated judicial decisions. The study also explores the European and Spanish regulatory frameworks, including the recent adoption of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 on AI, as well as key legal instruments such as the GDPR, Spain’s LOPDGDD, and the Charter of Digital Rights. Finally, it assesses whether AI can improve the technical and operational aspects of criminal justice without allowing efficiency to override individual rights and the principles of the Rule of Law, concluding that AI can be a useful tool to support judicial work, but must be applied with caution.
Direction
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Simulated psychological damage detection in traffic accident by cognition and recognition tasks
Authorship
V.C.M.
Bachelor of Criminology
V.C.M.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
06.30.2025 16:00
06.30.2025 16:00
Summary
Traffic accidents are a phenomenon that have a significant effect on the mental health of those who suffer from them, being a forensic-psychological task to determine if there is psychological damage. In the following study, this damage will be evaluated from a forensic psychological perspective. To do so, a legal and epidemiological approach to traffic accidents will be explained, as well as their consequences from a psychological point of view through a forensic evaluation. Then, an experimental study will be presented to find out the utility of the clinical-forensic interview, the SCL-90-R inventory and a questionnaire that addresses the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in cases of traffic accidents; as well as the relevance of the order of application of these instruments. The participats of the study (who should not have been victims of a serious traffic accident) were asked to simulate the psychological damage that a real victim would present.
Traffic accidents are a phenomenon that have a significant effect on the mental health of those who suffer from them, being a forensic-psychological task to determine if there is psychological damage. In the following study, this damage will be evaluated from a forensic psychological perspective. To do so, a legal and epidemiological approach to traffic accidents will be explained, as well as their consequences from a psychological point of view through a forensic evaluation. Then, an experimental study will be presented to find out the utility of the clinical-forensic interview, the SCL-90-R inventory and a questionnaire that addresses the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in cases of traffic accidents; as well as the relevance of the order of application of these instruments. The participats of the study (who should not have been victims of a serious traffic accident) were asked to simulate the psychological damage that a real victim would present.
Direction
Seijo Martínez, María Dolores (Tutorships)
Seijo Martínez, María Dolores (Tutorships)
Court
Seijo Martínez, María Dolores (Student’s tutor)
Seijo Martínez, María Dolores (Student’s tutor)
The impact of artificial intelligence and deepfake technology on fundamental rights. Effects on privacy and freedom of information
Authorship
S.C.R.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
S.C.R.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.30.2025 10:30
06.30.2025 10:30
Summary
This paper aims to provide a reflection on the response of the legal system to the rise of artificial intelligence and related technologies, whose expansion is rapidly and profoundly modifying the current economic, political and social context. After analyzing the concept of “artificial intelligence” and making special reference to deepfakes, we proceed to examine the ethical issues raised by their use and their impact on the structural principles of the social and democratic Rule of Law. Emphasizing the importance of having regulations that protect the democratic principles and fundamental rights of citizens in all aspects of their lives, this paper focuses mainly on the infringement of personal rights and the freedoms of speech and information by means of an in-depth study of current European and national legislation.
This paper aims to provide a reflection on the response of the legal system to the rise of artificial intelligence and related technologies, whose expansion is rapidly and profoundly modifying the current economic, political and social context. After analyzing the concept of “artificial intelligence” and making special reference to deepfakes, we proceed to examine the ethical issues raised by their use and their impact on the structural principles of the social and democratic Rule of Law. Emphasizing the importance of having regulations that protect the democratic principles and fundamental rights of citizens in all aspects of their lives, this paper focuses mainly on the infringement of personal rights and the freedoms of speech and information by means of an in-depth study of current European and national legislation.
Direction
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, JOSE JULIO (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, JOSE JULIO (Tutorships)
Court
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, JOSE JULIO (Student’s tutor)
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, JOSE JULIO (Student’s tutor)
Comparative Analysis of the Jury Trial Procedure and the Abbreviated Criminal Procedure
Authorship
N.C.S.
Bachelor of Criminology
N.C.S.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
06.26.2025 12:30
06.26.2025 12:30
Summary
The institution of the Jury has been widely recognised in our legal history as a symbol of freedom and direct participation of citizens in the judiciary. The Organic Law that develops the constitutional mandate of article 125, relating to this participation, was enacted in 1995, and is therefore based on the foundations of a common ordinary process that is nowadays replaced by a more expeditious and efficient abbreviated procedure, although without sacrificing fundamental procedural guarantees. This paper focuses, through a review of various bibliographical sources, on analysing the main aspects in which the two procedures differ, paying special attention to the different procedural phases that make up each one. Despite being based on the same foundation, the treatment of each procedural phase and the implications they have on the guarantees and rights of the accused are substantially different.
The institution of the Jury has been widely recognised in our legal history as a symbol of freedom and direct participation of citizens in the judiciary. The Organic Law that develops the constitutional mandate of article 125, relating to this participation, was enacted in 1995, and is therefore based on the foundations of a common ordinary process that is nowadays replaced by a more expeditious and efficient abbreviated procedure, although without sacrificing fundamental procedural guarantees. This paper focuses, through a review of various bibliographical sources, on analysing the main aspects in which the two procedures differ, paying special attention to the different procedural phases that make up each one. Despite being based on the same foundation, the treatment of each procedural phase and the implications they have on the guarantees and rights of the accused are substantially different.
Direction
Varela Gomez, Bernardino (Tutorships)
Varela Gomez, Bernardino (Tutorships)
Court
Varela Gomez, Bernardino (Student’s tutor)
Varela Gomez, Bernardino (Student’s tutor)
Digital inheritance
Authorship
M.C.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.C.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
02.17.2025 11:00
02.17.2025 11:00
Summary
This study is dedicated to the analysys of the definition and posible transmission methods of the digital inheritance. It is motivated by the growing interest in the subject, given the rapid upward trend in the creation of digital content and assets resulting from online interactions across multiple aspects of our daily lives. This study is based on the extensive bibliographic review of legal regulations and various publications and legal texts by specialists and experts in this field. Additionally, it includes assesments and comments published on websites and blogs of practicing lawyers and notaries, offering more diverse points of view on this evolving topic. Throughout this study, we will explore what digital inheritance is, what assets consists of, the crucial concept of digital identity and the increasing relevance of the digital components wich make it up. I will try to explain what happens to all these digital assets upon the death of the deceased, wich theirs are entitled to take care of them and those instructions left by the deceased for after his or her death. In addition, a primary focus will be on analyzing how digital inheritance is transfered and all the problems raised by the controversial term of digital will.
This study is dedicated to the analysys of the definition and posible transmission methods of the digital inheritance. It is motivated by the growing interest in the subject, given the rapid upward trend in the creation of digital content and assets resulting from online interactions across multiple aspects of our daily lives. This study is based on the extensive bibliographic review of legal regulations and various publications and legal texts by specialists and experts in this field. Additionally, it includes assesments and comments published on websites and blogs of practicing lawyers and notaries, offering more diverse points of view on this evolving topic. Throughout this study, we will explore what digital inheritance is, what assets consists of, the crucial concept of digital identity and the increasing relevance of the digital components wich make it up. I will try to explain what happens to all these digital assets upon the death of the deceased, wich theirs are entitled to take care of them and those instructions left by the deceased for after his or her death. In addition, a primary focus will be on analyzing how digital inheritance is transfered and all the problems raised by the controversial term of digital will.
Direction
MADRIÑAN VAZQUEZ, MARTA (Tutorships)
MADRIÑAN VAZQUEZ, MARTA (Tutorships)
Court
MADRIÑAN VAZQUEZ, MARTA (Student’s tutor)
MADRIÑAN VAZQUEZ, MARTA (Student’s tutor)
Undergraduate Dissertation
Authorship
C.C.V.
Bachelor of Criminology
C.C.V.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
06.30.2025 16:30
06.30.2025 16:30
Summary
The comorbidity between bipolar disorder and drugs consumption disorder presents a complex challence in the criminal law domain, particularly concerning the decision of the defendant´s criminal responsability. The absence of specific legal regulation forces courts to act by the way of jurisprudential constructions which, despite the fact that allows for the application of exempt or mitingating circumstances depending on the degree of mental impairment, reveals a significant interpretative disparity. This situation underscores the need of interdisciplinary approach which progress towards to the consolidation of uniform criteria which ensures a coherent and technically response, compliant with the defendant´s clinical reality.
The comorbidity between bipolar disorder and drugs consumption disorder presents a complex challence in the criminal law domain, particularly concerning the decision of the defendant´s criminal responsability. The absence of specific legal regulation forces courts to act by the way of jurisprudential constructions which, despite the fact that allows for the application of exempt or mitingating circumstances depending on the degree of mental impairment, reveals a significant interpretative disparity. This situation underscores the need of interdisciplinary approach which progress towards to the consolidation of uniform criteria which ensures a coherent and technically response, compliant with the defendant´s clinical reality.
Direction
VICENTE ALBA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
VICENTE ALBA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
VICENTE ALBA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Student’s tutor)
VICENTE ALBA, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Student’s tutor)
Current usefulness of legal argumentation
Authorship
E.C.P.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
E.C.P.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
02.19.2025 12:00
02.19.2025 12:00
Summary
This Bachelor's Thesis examines the evolution and contemporary relevance of legal argumentation, a central element in the practice of law from antiquity to the present day. Throughout history, legal argumentation has evolved from its roots in classical rhetoric, with significant contributions from authors such as Aristotle, Cicero, and more recently, Ronald Dworkin and Robert Alexy. Despite technological advancements and the growing influence of artificial intelligence in the legal field, the ability to argue remains irreplaceable for the interpretation, application, and defense of the law. The study highlights how legal argumentation continues to be a fundamental pillar in ensuring fair and equitable decisions in an increasingly complex and technologically advanced global context. Additionally, it explores its role in the protection of fundamental rights, emphasizing the importance of a humanistic and ethical approach in the practice of law.
This Bachelor's Thesis examines the evolution and contemporary relevance of legal argumentation, a central element in the practice of law from antiquity to the present day. Throughout history, legal argumentation has evolved from its roots in classical rhetoric, with significant contributions from authors such as Aristotle, Cicero, and more recently, Ronald Dworkin and Robert Alexy. Despite technological advancements and the growing influence of artificial intelligence in the legal field, the ability to argue remains irreplaceable for the interpretation, application, and defense of the law. The study highlights how legal argumentation continues to be a fundamental pillar in ensuring fair and equitable decisions in an increasingly complex and technologically advanced global context. Additionally, it explores its role in the protection of fundamental rights, emphasizing the importance of a humanistic and ethical approach in the practice of law.
Direction
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Tutorships)
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Student’s tutor)
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Student’s tutor)
liability for defective products in the digital age
Authorship
J.D.B.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
J.D.B.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 10:30
06.26.2025 10:30
Summary
We are living in an era in which society is undergoing numerous and recurring changes due to the digitalisation of services and the way in which society itself is organised. This means that certain legal fields are being forced to update their objectives and the way they regulate situations or conflicts that arise within those areas. This is precisely what is happening in the field of liability for defective products. It is a constitutionally protected right. Specifically, Article 51 of the Spanish Constitution establishes that public authorities must protect consumers and users. Consumer protection also falls within the competence of the European Union, as set out in various provisions of the TFEU and the TEU, namely Article 4.2(f) of the TFEU and Article 3.3 of the TEU. Among the extensive body of EU consumer legislation, one of the most recent and significant acts is Directive (EU) 2024/2853 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2024 on liability for damage caused by defective products, which repeals Council Directive 85/374/EEC (hereinafter, the Directive). Its objective is to address the new realities of this field by updating the previous provisions governing the matter, especially in light of the new challenges posed by technological advancements. This paper will focus primarily on the analysis of this Directive and the changes it has introduced in comparison with the previous legal frameworks governing this subject; on how it modifies the liability regime for producers and importers arising from this new way of using artificial intelligence to manufacture products that will later be placed on the market and acquired by consumers; and, where applicable, on how they will be held liable for any damage such products may cause to those consumers or to third parties.
We are living in an era in which society is undergoing numerous and recurring changes due to the digitalisation of services and the way in which society itself is organised. This means that certain legal fields are being forced to update their objectives and the way they regulate situations or conflicts that arise within those areas. This is precisely what is happening in the field of liability for defective products. It is a constitutionally protected right. Specifically, Article 51 of the Spanish Constitution establishes that public authorities must protect consumers and users. Consumer protection also falls within the competence of the European Union, as set out in various provisions of the TFEU and the TEU, namely Article 4.2(f) of the TFEU and Article 3.3 of the TEU. Among the extensive body of EU consumer legislation, one of the most recent and significant acts is Directive (EU) 2024/2853 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2024 on liability for damage caused by defective products, which repeals Council Directive 85/374/EEC (hereinafter, the Directive). Its objective is to address the new realities of this field by updating the previous provisions governing the matter, especially in light of the new challenges posed by technological advancements. This paper will focus primarily on the analysis of this Directive and the changes it has introduced in comparison with the previous legal frameworks governing this subject; on how it modifies the liability regime for producers and importers arising from this new way of using artificial intelligence to manufacture products that will later be placed on the market and acquired by consumers; and, where applicable, on how they will be held liable for any damage such products may cause to those consumers or to third parties.
Direction
GARCIA RUBIO, MARIA PAZ (Tutorships)
GARCIA RUBIO, MARIA PAZ (Tutorships)
Court
GARCIA RUBIO, MARIA PAZ (Student’s tutor)
GARCIA RUBIO, MARIA PAZ (Student’s tutor)
The International Law Commission's Work on State Responsibility in Situations of State Succession: A Study on the Current Status
Authorship
D.D.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
D.D.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 13:00
06.26.2025 13:00
Summary
The present degree dissertation analyzes, from a legal perspective, the work carried out by the International Law Commission (ILC) and its Working Groups concerning the responsibility for internationally wrongful acts in cases involving a succession of States. Firstly, the study presents the considerations taken into account by the Commission in its work on the topic, including the delimitations of its scope and the preliminarily agreed principles. Subsequently, it outlines the results of the work from its inception in 2017 to the present, analyzing the articles that have been provisionally adopted and those key issues still pending development. Finally, the thesis discusses the topics and reasons assessed by this body to project the future challenges on its agenda and also examines the implications of the different viewpoints expressed by national delegations, reflecting the ongoing debates within an ununified state practice.
The present degree dissertation analyzes, from a legal perspective, the work carried out by the International Law Commission (ILC) and its Working Groups concerning the responsibility for internationally wrongful acts in cases involving a succession of States. Firstly, the study presents the considerations taken into account by the Commission in its work on the topic, including the delimitations of its scope and the preliminarily agreed principles. Subsequently, it outlines the results of the work from its inception in 2017 to the present, analyzing the articles that have been provisionally adopted and those key issues still pending development. Finally, the thesis discusses the topics and reasons assessed by this body to project the future challenges on its agenda and also examines the implications of the different viewpoints expressed by national delegations, reflecting the ongoing debates within an ununified state practice.
Direction
ARENAS MEZA, MIGUEL ENRIQUE (Tutorships)
ARENAS MEZA, MIGUEL ENRIQUE (Tutorships)
Court
ARENAS MEZA, MIGUEL ENRIQUE (Student’s tutor)
ARENAS MEZA, MIGUEL ENRIQUE (Student’s tutor)
The undercover agent in the criminal process
Authorship
N.D.D.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
N.D.D.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 18:00
06.26.2025 18:00
Summary
In recent decades, the rise of new forms of crime, especially organized crime, drug trafficking, human trafficking, and terrorism, has required a profound transformation of criminal and procedural law. These types of crime, characterized by their structural complexity, high degree of planning and concealment, as well as their transnational reach, have exposed the limits of traditional investigative methods. Faced with increasingly sophisticated crimes, the procedural system has had to deploy extraordinary intervention tools, among which the figure of the undercover agent stands out, regulated in Article 282 bis of the LECrim (Ley Criminal) (Spanish Civil Code). This figure is subject to a series of strict legal requirements due to its pronounced restriction on fundamental rights. In a state governed by the rule of law such as ours, this requires the application of the appropriate proportionality test, which is not without its problems.
In recent decades, the rise of new forms of crime, especially organized crime, drug trafficking, human trafficking, and terrorism, has required a profound transformation of criminal and procedural law. These types of crime, characterized by their structural complexity, high degree of planning and concealment, as well as their transnational reach, have exposed the limits of traditional investigative methods. Faced with increasingly sophisticated crimes, the procedural system has had to deploy extraordinary intervention tools, among which the figure of the undercover agent stands out, regulated in Article 282 bis of the LECrim (Ley Criminal) (Spanish Civil Code). This figure is subject to a series of strict legal requirements due to its pronounced restriction on fundamental rights. In a state governed by the rule of law such as ours, this requires the application of the appropriate proportionality test, which is not without its problems.
Direction
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Tax benefits for maternity in the Personal Income Tax Law
Authorship
A.D.T.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
A.D.T.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 13:00
06.26.2025 13:00
Summary
This Final Degree Project aims to study the various tax benefits for maternity within the framework of the Personal Income Tax Law, which constitute a fundamental tool for supporting families and encouraging births. Family protection is a constitutional mandate articulated through social and fiscal policies. Public measures to support and protect maternity are framed within policies supporting the family, children, and gender equality. The various tax benefits, economic benefits, and various aids will be examined. One of the main tax benefits for maternity is the maternity deduction for Personal Income Tax, which will be the subject of a detailed study. In addition, the following will be analyzed: how these measures contribute to improving the economic situation of families, encouraging births, supporting gender equality, and what benefits they bring to society as a whole. Maternity tax benefits in Spain represent a set of measures aimed at easing the financial burden on families, promoting birth rates, and facilitating work-life balance. The availability of personal income tax deductions, financial benefits, and assistance contribute to a more equitable and inclusive society.
This Final Degree Project aims to study the various tax benefits for maternity within the framework of the Personal Income Tax Law, which constitute a fundamental tool for supporting families and encouraging births. Family protection is a constitutional mandate articulated through social and fiscal policies. Public measures to support and protect maternity are framed within policies supporting the family, children, and gender equality. The various tax benefits, economic benefits, and various aids will be examined. One of the main tax benefits for maternity is the maternity deduction for Personal Income Tax, which will be the subject of a detailed study. In addition, the following will be analyzed: how these measures contribute to improving the economic situation of families, encouraging births, supporting gender equality, and what benefits they bring to society as a whole. Maternity tax benefits in Spain represent a set of measures aimed at easing the financial burden on families, promoting birth rates, and facilitating work-life balance. The availability of personal income tax deductions, financial benefits, and assistance contribute to a more equitable and inclusive society.
Direction
RUIBAL PEREIRA, LUZ MARIA (Tutorships)
RUIBAL PEREIRA, LUZ MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
RUIBAL PEREIRA, LUZ MARIA (Student’s tutor)
RUIBAL PEREIRA, LUZ MARIA (Student’s tutor)
SCL-90-R sensitivity for evaluating simulation in Temporary Disability
Authorship
A.E.R.
Bachelor of Criminology
A.E.R.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
06.30.2025 17:00
06.30.2025 17:00
Summary
The aim of this study is to analyze the ability of a non-psychiatric population to simulate symptoms of a mental disorder to obtain Temporary Disability status. To achieve this, the SCL-90-R questionnaire was administered on two occasions: the first with instructions to respond honestly, and the second simulating the presence of a psychological disorder. The analysis of the results revealed that the evaluated population demonstrated a notable ability to simulate psychopathological symptoms. The most used simulation strategy was the exaggeration or accumulation of symptoms, which led to significantly higher scores than those of the general population, as well as a clinical reference group with psychiatric diagnoses. However, the validity indices of the instrument successfully identified most participants as simulators, suggesting that the SCL-90-R questionnaire is not entirely suitable for reliably distinguishing between genuine and simulated responses in all cases.
The aim of this study is to analyze the ability of a non-psychiatric population to simulate symptoms of a mental disorder to obtain Temporary Disability status. To achieve this, the SCL-90-R questionnaire was administered on two occasions: the first with instructions to respond honestly, and the second simulating the presence of a psychological disorder. The analysis of the results revealed that the evaluated population demonstrated a notable ability to simulate psychopathological symptoms. The most used simulation strategy was the exaggeration or accumulation of symptoms, which led to significantly higher scores than those of the general population, as well as a clinical reference group with psychiatric diagnoses. However, the validity indices of the instrument successfully identified most participants as simulators, suggesting that the SCL-90-R questionnaire is not entirely suitable for reliably distinguishing between genuine and simulated responses in all cases.
Direction
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Tutorships)
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Tutorships)
Court
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Student’s tutor)
Arce Fernández, Ramón (Student’s tutor)
Analysis of the Supreme Court's case law on scabbing
Authorship
C.A.F.D.L.P.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
C.A.F.D.L.P.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.30.2025 11:00
06.30.2025 11:00
Summary
This paper contains a jurisprudential analysis in the field of labor law on the issue of scabbing, a practice prohibited by law only in its external aspect, but which both doctrine and jurisprudence have been responsible for preventing also in its internal and technological aspects. Before this analysis, a study of its concept and legal restrictions is offered. The practice of scabbing takes place when workers exercise their fundamental right to strike recognized in art. 28.2 of the Spanish Constitution, more specifically, when striking workers are replaced by external or internal workers or by technological elements, which is why it is so important to see how the Supreme Court reacts to these situations.
This paper contains a jurisprudential analysis in the field of labor law on the issue of scabbing, a practice prohibited by law only in its external aspect, but which both doctrine and jurisprudence have been responsible for preventing also in its internal and technological aspects. Before this analysis, a study of its concept and legal restrictions is offered. The practice of scabbing takes place when workers exercise their fundamental right to strike recognized in art. 28.2 of the Spanish Constitution, more specifically, when striking workers are replaced by external or internal workers or by technological elements, which is why it is so important to see how the Supreme Court reacts to these situations.
Direction
GARATE CASTRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
GARATE CASTRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
MELLA MENDEZ, LOURDES (Chairman)
MIRANDA BOTO, JOSE MARIA (Secretary)
MANEIRO VAZQUEZ, YOLANDA (Member)
MELLA MENDEZ, LOURDES (Chairman)
MIRANDA BOTO, JOSE MARIA (Secretary)
MANEIRO VAZQUEZ, YOLANDA (Member)
Analysis of cybercrime: cracking, hacking and computer fraud
Authorship
C.F.R.
Bachelor of Criminology
C.F.R.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
06.27.2025 12:00
06.27.2025 12:00
Summary
Currently, most people live in digital societies in such a way that their activities, whether personal, professional, leisure, etc., are carried out through cyberspace. This has created a new and attractive opportunity for criminals to commit fraudulent conduct. These subjects use increasingly sophisticated techniques, taking advantage of existing weaknesses in the prosecution of cybercrime and the inadequacy of security measures implemented in computer systems. In the present work, cybercrime, its characteristics and categorizations will be analyzed in depth. In addition, the regulations in force both in the international and national context will be examined, as well as the figure of the offender and the victim. In particular, attention will be paid to the crime of cracking, hacking and computer fraud. Finally, formal social control mechanisms and relevant security measures will be briefly discussed.
Currently, most people live in digital societies in such a way that their activities, whether personal, professional, leisure, etc., are carried out through cyberspace. This has created a new and attractive opportunity for criminals to commit fraudulent conduct. These subjects use increasingly sophisticated techniques, taking advantage of existing weaknesses in the prosecution of cybercrime and the inadequacy of security measures implemented in computer systems. In the present work, cybercrime, its characteristics and categorizations will be analyzed in depth. In addition, the regulations in force both in the international and national context will be examined, as well as the figure of the offender and the victim. In particular, attention will be paid to the crime of cracking, hacking and computer fraud. Finally, formal social control mechanisms and relevant security measures will be briefly discussed.
Direction
CASTRO CORREDOIRA, MARIA (Tutorships)
CASTRO CORREDOIRA, MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
CASTRO CORREDOIRA, MARIA (Student’s tutor)
CASTRO CORREDOIRA, MARIA (Student’s tutor)
The public takeover bid
Authorship
A.G.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
A.G.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.30.2025 11:00
06.30.2025 11:00
Summary
In the following paper, an in-depth and well-founded examination will be conducted on a classic economic concept: the Public Takeover Bid. The work will begin by introducing and framing the concept, followed by an explanation of what it entails, as well as its historical and legal context, providing a general overview and defining the legal framework to which it is subject, both within the European Union and at the national level. Subsequently, and to facilitate better understanding, the different types of Public Takeover Bids that exist will be explained, along with how they are addressed in Spanish legislation, the current process required to properly carry out a TOB and the various regulatory bodies that must oversee and approve it in order for it to have full legal effect. Next, there will be a brief discussion of the rights of shareholders in the target company, in addition to a short critique of both Spanish and European regulations. The paper will also outline the existing legal mechanisms that allow companies to protect themselves from takeover bids, whether before or after the bid is launched, and the legality of using such defensive measures. Finally, some practical aspects of takeovers will be briefly presented through real-life cases that have occurred in Spain, concluding with what is arguably the most significant Public Takeover Bid at the national level: the 2005 Endesa case anda BBVA-Sabadell case.
In the following paper, an in-depth and well-founded examination will be conducted on a classic economic concept: the Public Takeover Bid. The work will begin by introducing and framing the concept, followed by an explanation of what it entails, as well as its historical and legal context, providing a general overview and defining the legal framework to which it is subject, both within the European Union and at the national level. Subsequently, and to facilitate better understanding, the different types of Public Takeover Bids that exist will be explained, along with how they are addressed in Spanish legislation, the current process required to properly carry out a TOB and the various regulatory bodies that must oversee and approve it in order for it to have full legal effect. Next, there will be a brief discussion of the rights of shareholders in the target company, in addition to a short critique of both Spanish and European regulations. The paper will also outline the existing legal mechanisms that allow companies to protect themselves from takeover bids, whether before or after the bid is launched, and the legality of using such defensive measures. Finally, some practical aspects of takeovers will be briefly presented through real-life cases that have occurred in Spain, concluding with what is arguably the most significant Public Takeover Bid at the national level: the 2005 Endesa case anda BBVA-Sabadell case.
Direction
HERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, FRANCISCO (Tutorships)
HERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, FRANCISCO (Tutorships)
Court
HERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, FRANCISCO (Student’s tutor)
HERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, FRANCISCO (Student’s tutor)
Intelligence as evidence in social proceedings
Authorship
X.G.T.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
X.G.T.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
Defense date
07.01.2025 10:00
07.01.2025 10:00
Summary
Intelligence activity is no longer an exclusive activity of the States, as technological evolution and cultural changes have expanded the use of intelligence to business organizations. It finds great utility in evidentiary activities, with traditional intelligence gathering activities being included in business control, giving rise to a constant generation of evidentiary information, especially thanks to the use of technology; and which are reclassified to the traditional forms of evidence regulated by our LEC, despite their ineffectiveness, or difficulties in fitting, given the notable differences in their characteristics, intensity or mode of production, being notable the possible systematic violation of fundamental rights, and the extensive use of new technologies; for this reason, the importance of intelligence in the world of work is analyzed, as well as the conditions of procedural validity, in the social order, of intelligence activities adopted in the form of business control, and the creation of a new type of evidence is proposed, which allows for a more guaranteeing procedural regulation.
Intelligence activity is no longer an exclusive activity of the States, as technological evolution and cultural changes have expanded the use of intelligence to business organizations. It finds great utility in evidentiary activities, with traditional intelligence gathering activities being included in business control, giving rise to a constant generation of evidentiary information, especially thanks to the use of technology; and which are reclassified to the traditional forms of evidence regulated by our LEC, despite their ineffectiveness, or difficulties in fitting, given the notable differences in their characteristics, intensity or mode of production, being notable the possible systematic violation of fundamental rights, and the extensive use of new technologies; for this reason, the importance of intelligence in the world of work is analyzed, as well as the conditions of procedural validity, in the social order, of intelligence activities adopted in the form of business control, and the creation of a new type of evidence is proposed, which allows for a more guaranteeing procedural regulation.
Direction
MANEIRO VAZQUEZ, YOLANDA (Tutorships)
MANEIRO VAZQUEZ, YOLANDA (Tutorships)
Court
MANEIRO VAZQUEZ, YOLANDA (Student’s tutor)
MANEIRO VAZQUEZ, YOLANDA (Student’s tutor)
Blood transfusions in Jehovah's Witnesses: a legal-ethical analysis.
Authorship
V.A.G.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
V.A.G.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
02.21.2025 12:00
02.21.2025 12:00
Summary
Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions on the basis of a biblical interpretation, in conflict with their right to life. This position is controversial, especially when it affects minors, and refers to situations of serious health risk. This paper analyzes the rights affected, weighing which one prevails in each situation and the extent to which its exercise can be limited, mainly based on the criterion of the autonomy of freedom. Guaranteeing freedom is the preferential criterion; however, when dealing with minors at serious risk, their best interests must be prioritized, with the right to life and health care of the minor prevailing over religious convictions.
Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions on the basis of a biblical interpretation, in conflict with their right to life. This position is controversial, especially when it affects minors, and refers to situations of serious health risk. This paper analyzes the rights affected, weighing which one prevails in each situation and the extent to which its exercise can be limited, mainly based on the criterion of the autonomy of freedom. Guaranteeing freedom is the preferential criterion; however, when dealing with minors at serious risk, their best interests must be prioritized, with the right to life and health care of the minor prevailing over religious convictions.
Direction
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Tutorships)
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Student’s tutor)
OTERO PARGA, MILAGROS MARIA (Student’s tutor)
Criminological analysis of prostitution and human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation
Authorship
M.G.C.
Bachelor of Criminology
M.G.C.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
06.26.2025 13:00
06.26.2025 13:00
Summary
The present bachelor thesis approaches a criminological analysis about prostitution and human trafficking for sexual exploitation purposes, differentiating both phenomena to avoid conceptual confusion. Through a bibliographical review, it examines the various typologies of prostitution, including new digital forms, as well as the complex causal factors that drive both supply and demand. It gets depth on the legal models for regulating prostitution (prohibitionist, abolitionist, regulationist). The study emphasizes the severe violation of fundamental human rights inherent in sexual exploitation, and delves into the profile of victims, primarily women and girls, as well as traffickers and pimps. Finally, it evaluates the main prevention and intervention measures, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach that includes education, social awareness, and vigorous prosecution of organised crime.
The present bachelor thesis approaches a criminological analysis about prostitution and human trafficking for sexual exploitation purposes, differentiating both phenomena to avoid conceptual confusion. Through a bibliographical review, it examines the various typologies of prostitution, including new digital forms, as well as the complex causal factors that drive both supply and demand. It gets depth on the legal models for regulating prostitution (prohibitionist, abolitionist, regulationist). The study emphasizes the severe violation of fundamental human rights inherent in sexual exploitation, and delves into the profile of victims, primarily women and girls, as well as traffickers and pimps. Finally, it evaluates the main prevention and intervention measures, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach that includes education, social awareness, and vigorous prosecution of organised crime.
Direction
BRAGE CENDAN, SANTIAGO BERNARDO (Tutorships)
BRAGE CENDAN, SANTIAGO BERNARDO (Tutorships)
Court
BRAGE CENDAN, SANTIAGO BERNARDO (Student’s tutor)
BRAGE CENDAN, SANTIAGO BERNARDO (Student’s tutor)
Forensic assesment of malingered psychological damage from rape using the PAI
Authorship
C.G.F.
Bachelor of Criminology
C.G.F.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
07.08.2025 11:30
07.08.2025 11:30
Summary
Sexual violence, particularly rape, is one of the most severe crimes due to its devastating impact on victims. Its criminological and psychological study is key to protect victims and detect possible feigning that may undermine the reliability of the system. The aim of this empirical study was to assess the usefulness of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in the forensic evaluation of psychological harm resulting from rape. A simulation design was employed in which 50 women completed the PAI under two different conditions: malingering and honest responding. In the malingering condition, participants were instructed to respond as if they were simulating psychological harm resulting from rape, whereas in the reality condition, they were asked to respond truthfully. Analysis of the responses revealed that participants were capable of feigning symptoms they did not experience and attributing them to rape. Moreover, they were able to portray symptoms typically associated with the psychological impact of this form of sexual violence (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety). To achieve this, participants employed two primary feigning strategies: the indiscriminant symptom endorsement and symptom severity. However, the PAI validity scales (IMN, SIM, FDR) displayed low sensitivity in detecting malingerers. Consequently, in professional practice, when using the PAI in this type of evaluation, it should always be integrated within a multi-method and multi-measure assessment protocol. Future research should continue to explore the sensitivity of the PAI for detecting malingering and incorporate the study of its specificity as well.
Sexual violence, particularly rape, is one of the most severe crimes due to its devastating impact on victims. Its criminological and psychological study is key to protect victims and detect possible feigning that may undermine the reliability of the system. The aim of this empirical study was to assess the usefulness of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in the forensic evaluation of psychological harm resulting from rape. A simulation design was employed in which 50 women completed the PAI under two different conditions: malingering and honest responding. In the malingering condition, participants were instructed to respond as if they were simulating psychological harm resulting from rape, whereas in the reality condition, they were asked to respond truthfully. Analysis of the responses revealed that participants were capable of feigning symptoms they did not experience and attributing them to rape. Moreover, they were able to portray symptoms typically associated with the psychological impact of this form of sexual violence (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety). To achieve this, participants employed two primary feigning strategies: the indiscriminant symptom endorsement and symptom severity. However, the PAI validity scales (IMN, SIM, FDR) displayed low sensitivity in detecting malingerers. Consequently, in professional practice, when using the PAI in this type of evaluation, it should always be integrated within a multi-method and multi-measure assessment protocol. Future research should continue to explore the sensitivity of the PAI for detecting malingering and incorporate the study of its specificity as well.
Direction
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Chairman)
Seijo Martínez, María Dolores (Secretary)
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Member)
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Chairman)
Seijo Martínez, María Dolores (Secretary)
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Member)
Historical crimes committed by women in the spanish criminological history and their forensic psychiatric cataloging
Authorship
N.G.F.
Bachelor of Criminology
N.G.F.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
07.01.2025 17:30
07.01.2025 17:30
Summary
This work, through a review of different scientific and legal sources, focused on the study of female offenders, more specifically female homicides, in the history of Spain from the late twentieth century to the present, identifying historical, social and legal patterns that have influenced the perception of female criminality in our country. In addition, an analysis of their psychiatric-forensic cataloguing was carried out, relating the different assumptions with the history of psychiatry and the different contributions of criminological theories. A clear difference was observed between the social perception of a crime committed by a man and one committed by a woman, attributing to the latter a biological and psychological disorder that predisposed her to criminal behavior. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the importance of this topic due to the increase in female criminality and its lack of scientific approach throughout history.
This work, through a review of different scientific and legal sources, focused on the study of female offenders, more specifically female homicides, in the history of Spain from the late twentieth century to the present, identifying historical, social and legal patterns that have influenced the perception of female criminality in our country. In addition, an analysis of their psychiatric-forensic cataloguing was carried out, relating the different assumptions with the history of psychiatry and the different contributions of criminological theories. A clear difference was observed between the social perception of a crime committed by a man and one committed by a woman, attributing to the latter a biological and psychological disorder that predisposed her to criminal behavior. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the importance of this topic due to the increase in female criminality and its lack of scientific approach throughout history.
Direction
TORRES IGLESIAS, ANGELA JUANA (Tutorships)
TORRES IGLESIAS, ANGELA JUANA (Tutorships)
Court
TORRES IGLESIAS, ANGELA JUANA (Student’s tutor)
TORRES IGLESIAS, ANGELA JUANA (Student’s tutor)
Presumption of innocence and parallel trials: Impact on the Jury Court.
Authorship
C.G.N.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
C.G.N.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 15:30
06.26.2025 15:30
Summary
This paper examines the impact of parallel trials and media justice on the presumption of innocence, particularly in jury trials. It highlights how media coverage, often sensationalist, can influence public perception and even compromise judicial impartiality. The main difference between state justice and media justice lies in adherence to legal procedures and timing: while formal justice relies on evidence and guarantees, media justice often delivers verdicts before a final ruling. The study explores the content and legal framework of the presumption of innocence, both within the Spanish Constitution and international treaties, and how this right can be jeopardized by media pressure. It also addresses the need for valid and sufficient evidence to override the presumption of innocence, and the impact of illegally obtained evidence in criminal proceedings. One section focuses on the role of the media in shaping “parallel trials” and how these can distort judicial narratives and infringe on fundamental rights. The work also considers the particular vulnerability of jury members to external influence, citing cases like that of Dolores Vázquez as an example of a verdict affected by non-legal factors. The study concludes with a call to protect the criminal process from media interference, strengthen journalistic ethics, and ensure a balance between freedom of information and respect for fundamental rights.
This paper examines the impact of parallel trials and media justice on the presumption of innocence, particularly in jury trials. It highlights how media coverage, often sensationalist, can influence public perception and even compromise judicial impartiality. The main difference between state justice and media justice lies in adherence to legal procedures and timing: while formal justice relies on evidence and guarantees, media justice often delivers verdicts before a final ruling. The study explores the content and legal framework of the presumption of innocence, both within the Spanish Constitution and international treaties, and how this right can be jeopardized by media pressure. It also addresses the need for valid and sufficient evidence to override the presumption of innocence, and the impact of illegally obtained evidence in criminal proceedings. One section focuses on the role of the media in shaping “parallel trials” and how these can distort judicial narratives and infringe on fundamental rights. The work also considers the particular vulnerability of jury members to external influence, citing cases like that of Dolores Vázquez as an example of a verdict affected by non-legal factors. The study concludes with a call to protect the criminal process from media interference, strengthen journalistic ethics, and ensure a balance between freedom of information and respect for fundamental rights.
Direction
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
An Approach to the Complex Relationship Between Administrative and Criminal Sanctions: The Principle of Ne Bis in Idem
Authorship
C.G.L.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
C.G.L.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 11:30
06.26.2025 11:30
Summary
This paper addresses the problematic relationship between administrative punitive law and criminal law, focusing on the limits of the State’s punitive power and the principle of ne bis in idem, which prevents double punishment for the same acts. Firstly, it explores the differences between the two sanctioning systems, reviewing various doctrinal theories: qualitative ones, which argue that criminal and administrative law protect different legal interests; quantitative ones, which distinguish them based on the severity of the sanctions; formal theories, which focus on the authority that imposes the sanction; and mixed theories, which combine the previous criteria. The work also analyzes the views of leading authors and the role of the European Court of Human Rights, which uses criteria such as the nature of the offense and the severity of the sanction to determine whether a procedure is of a criminal nature. The paper then examines the procedural differences between the two systems, such as the sanctioning authority, impartiality, the right to defense, or the presumption of innocence. Regarding substantive differences, it highlights issues such as the principle of legality, culpability, authorship, and the imposition of custodial sanctions. The second part of the paper focuses on the study of ne bis in idem, explaining its evolution, recognition in case law, and current legal regulation. It develops the theory of triple identity (subject, facts, and legal grounds), necessary for its application, and discusses scenarios where it does not apply, such as when sanctions protect different legal interests or in contexts of special subjection. Finally, it concludes that the distinction between the two sanctioning branches lacks a solid dogmatic foundation and that the current system requires reform to clarify its principles, safeguard fundamental rights, and prevent both double punishment and impunity.
This paper addresses the problematic relationship between administrative punitive law and criminal law, focusing on the limits of the State’s punitive power and the principle of ne bis in idem, which prevents double punishment for the same acts. Firstly, it explores the differences between the two sanctioning systems, reviewing various doctrinal theories: qualitative ones, which argue that criminal and administrative law protect different legal interests; quantitative ones, which distinguish them based on the severity of the sanctions; formal theories, which focus on the authority that imposes the sanction; and mixed theories, which combine the previous criteria. The work also analyzes the views of leading authors and the role of the European Court of Human Rights, which uses criteria such as the nature of the offense and the severity of the sanction to determine whether a procedure is of a criminal nature. The paper then examines the procedural differences between the two systems, such as the sanctioning authority, impartiality, the right to defense, or the presumption of innocence. Regarding substantive differences, it highlights issues such as the principle of legality, culpability, authorship, and the imposition of custodial sanctions. The second part of the paper focuses on the study of ne bis in idem, explaining its evolution, recognition in case law, and current legal regulation. It develops the theory of triple identity (subject, facts, and legal grounds), necessary for its application, and discusses scenarios where it does not apply, such as when sanctions protect different legal interests or in contexts of special subjection. Finally, it concludes that the distinction between the two sanctioning branches lacks a solid dogmatic foundation and that the current system requires reform to clarify its principles, safeguard fundamental rights, and prevent both double punishment and impunity.
Direction
Almeida Cerreda, Marcos (Tutorships)
Almeida Cerreda, Marcos (Tutorships)
Court
Almeida Cerreda, Marcos (Student’s tutor)
Almeida Cerreda, Marcos (Student’s tutor)
The European Union and Climate Change: The Green Deal
Authorship
V.G.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
V.G.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.27.2025 12:30
06.27.2025 12:30
Summary
In this paper, we will analyze the participation of the EU in the international legal regime on climate change from a legal and historical perspective. It explains how the 1992 UNFCCC gave rise to the international legal and historical perspective. It explains how the 1992 UNFCCC gave rise to the international legal framework in this field. Subsequently, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol represented the first legally binding commitment, although with significant limitations, such as the non- ratification by the United States and the exclusion of developing countries from quantified obligations. However, the 2015 Paris Agreement introduced a new, more inclusive and flexible strategy, requiring developing countries to submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). On the other hand, we will also consider EU´s leadership in the fight against climate change, promoting agreements such as the Paris Agreement and developing its own initiatives and regulations despite obstacles posed by US and other key emitters.initiatives the paper addresses the EU´s initiatives to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, the European Green Deal stands out, with targets such as reducing emissions by 55% by 2030. It includes the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and the adoption of the European Climate Law, which makes these targets legally binding. To achieve them, the Green Deal multiple strategies aimed at steering Europe toward ecological recovery, transforming the food system, transitioning mobility to a sustainable model, decarbonizing the energy system, mobilizing industry in favor of a clean and circular economy, addressing energy efficiency in construction, and proposing zero pollution for an environment free of toxic substances. In addition, the Green Deal envisions financing through the Just Transition Fund, which will mobilize up to €260 billion annually until 2030, with the collaboration of the private sector being essential.
In this paper, we will analyze the participation of the EU in the international legal regime on climate change from a legal and historical perspective. It explains how the 1992 UNFCCC gave rise to the international legal and historical perspective. It explains how the 1992 UNFCCC gave rise to the international legal framework in this field. Subsequently, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol represented the first legally binding commitment, although with significant limitations, such as the non- ratification by the United States and the exclusion of developing countries from quantified obligations. However, the 2015 Paris Agreement introduced a new, more inclusive and flexible strategy, requiring developing countries to submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). On the other hand, we will also consider EU´s leadership in the fight against climate change, promoting agreements such as the Paris Agreement and developing its own initiatives and regulations despite obstacles posed by US and other key emitters.initiatives the paper addresses the EU´s initiatives to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, the European Green Deal stands out, with targets such as reducing emissions by 55% by 2030. It includes the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and the adoption of the European Climate Law, which makes these targets legally binding. To achieve them, the Green Deal multiple strategies aimed at steering Europe toward ecological recovery, transforming the food system, transitioning mobility to a sustainable model, decarbonizing the energy system, mobilizing industry in favor of a clean and circular economy, addressing energy efficiency in construction, and proposing zero pollution for an environment free of toxic substances. In addition, the Green Deal envisions financing through the Just Transition Fund, which will mobilize up to €260 billion annually until 2030, with the collaboration of the private sector being essential.
Direction
LIROLA DELGADO, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
LIROLA DELGADO, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
LIROLA DELGADO, MARIA ISABEL (Student’s tutor)
LIROLA DELGADO, MARIA ISABEL (Student’s tutor)
The Improvement Pact in the Galician Civil Law.
Authorship
M.D.L.I.R.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.D.L.I.R.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.30.2025 12:00
06.30.2025 12:00
Summary
In this Final Degree Project, a typical figure of Galician Civil Law will be analyzed: the improvement pact. This is a succession agreement that allows a person with Galician civil neighborhood to transfer assets or rights to their descendants during their lifetime, benefiting from a significant reduction in tax burden. Unlike traditional inheritance, the improvement pact enables the transfer of assets before the owner's death, although it can be established that the acquisition becomes effective after their passing. This pact is regulated by Law 2/2006, of June 14, on Galician Civil Law, making it a very relevant figure in Galicia, as this type of legal arrangement is prohibited in most of Spain. Throughout this project, a detailed study will be conducted on the objective and subjective characteristics of the improvement pact, as well as the causes and consequences of its ineffectiveness. Moreover, the analysis will delve into aspects that have been less developed by legislation to provide a more comprehensive and peripheral understanding of this highly significant legal figure in our Autonomous Community.
In this Final Degree Project, a typical figure of Galician Civil Law will be analyzed: the improvement pact. This is a succession agreement that allows a person with Galician civil neighborhood to transfer assets or rights to their descendants during their lifetime, benefiting from a significant reduction in tax burden. Unlike traditional inheritance, the improvement pact enables the transfer of assets before the owner's death, although it can be established that the acquisition becomes effective after their passing. This pact is regulated by Law 2/2006, of June 14, on Galician Civil Law, making it a very relevant figure in Galicia, as this type of legal arrangement is prohibited in most of Spain. Throughout this project, a detailed study will be conducted on the objective and subjective characteristics of the improvement pact, as well as the causes and consequences of its ineffectiveness. Moreover, the analysis will delve into aspects that have been less developed by legislation to provide a more comprehensive and peripheral understanding of this highly significant legal figure in our Autonomous Community.
Direction
MADRIÑAN VAZQUEZ, MARTA (Tutorships)
MADRIÑAN VAZQUEZ, MARTA (Tutorships)
Court
MADRIÑAN VAZQUEZ, MARTA (Student’s tutor)
MADRIÑAN VAZQUEZ, MARTA (Student’s tutor)
Bullying and mental health: depressive disorders as a psychosocial consequence
Authorship
L.J.A.
Bachelor of Criminology
L.J.A.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
07.01.2025 17:00
07.01.2025 17:00
Summary
Bullying is a phenomenon that is increasingly present in our society, raising questions about why it occurs and what consequences it causes. This paper will address the multiple factors surrounding bullying in order to shed light on the topic. To this end, a literature review will be conducted to address the relationship between having experienced some type of bullying and suffering from depressive disorders and other pathologies as a result. It also seeks to contextualize this phenomenon and understand its causes, types, and the main agents involved. An analysis of the criminal response to these types of situations will also be conducted, along with a comparison between the action protocols applied in schools in Galicia and the País Vasco, and the KiVa and Zero programs, which will be analyzed to determine their effectiveness.
Bullying is a phenomenon that is increasingly present in our society, raising questions about why it occurs and what consequences it causes. This paper will address the multiple factors surrounding bullying in order to shed light on the topic. To this end, a literature review will be conducted to address the relationship between having experienced some type of bullying and suffering from depressive disorders and other pathologies as a result. It also seeks to contextualize this phenomenon and understand its causes, types, and the main agents involved. An analysis of the criminal response to these types of situations will also be conducted, along with a comparison between the action protocols applied in schools in Galicia and the País Vasco, and the KiVa and Zero programs, which will be analyzed to determine their effectiveness.
Direction
BRAÑAS GONZALEZ, ANTIA (Tutorships)
BRAÑAS GONZALEZ, ANTIA (Tutorships)
Court
BRAÑAS GONZALEZ, ANTIA (Student’s tutor)
BRAÑAS GONZALEZ, ANTIA (Student’s tutor)
The relationship between young people and public administration
Authorship
M.L.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.L.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 10:00
06.26.2025 10:00
Summary
This thesis analyzes the relationship between youth and public administration , with special emphasis on the role played by information and communication technologies (ICT) in the active participation and access to public services by the new people. Starting from a characterization of youth as a specific social group , we study the administrative competences in the field of youth, the current regulations , and the organizational structure dedicated to this area. It then examines how the use of ICTs has transformed the way in which youth relate to the administration, both in terms of democratic participation and access to rights and services. It also analyzes European data on digital skills and Internet use among young people aged 16 to 24, establishing correlations that evidence gaps in access or digital exclusion. The work addresses the right and duty to relate electronically with public administrations second laws 39/2015 and 40/2015, as well as the impact of jurisprudence in this area, with a special and important mention to the Galician university context. By last, the main barriers faced by youth in their relationship with the administration are identified and illustrated through case studies such as the cultural voucher, the aids to rent in Galicia and the Minimum Living Income. The aim of this analysis is to provide a critical view of the situation in order to understand to what extent current public policies respond to the real needs of young people, as well as to detect the factors that hinder an effective link between this group and the administration. In addition, this analysis proposes some solutions to improve this situation, offering a basis for future proposals that favor greater accessibility, inclusion and participation of young people in public affairs.
This thesis analyzes the relationship between youth and public administration , with special emphasis on the role played by information and communication technologies (ICT) in the active participation and access to public services by the new people. Starting from a characterization of youth as a specific social group , we study the administrative competences in the field of youth, the current regulations , and the organizational structure dedicated to this area. It then examines how the use of ICTs has transformed the way in which youth relate to the administration, both in terms of democratic participation and access to rights and services. It also analyzes European data on digital skills and Internet use among young people aged 16 to 24, establishing correlations that evidence gaps in access or digital exclusion. The work addresses the right and duty to relate electronically with public administrations second laws 39/2015 and 40/2015, as well as the impact of jurisprudence in this area, with a special and important mention to the Galician university context. By last, the main barriers faced by youth in their relationship with the administration are identified and illustrated through case studies such as the cultural voucher, the aids to rent in Galicia and the Minimum Living Income. The aim of this analysis is to provide a critical view of the situation in order to understand to what extent current public policies respond to the real needs of young people, as well as to detect the factors that hinder an effective link between this group and the administration. In addition, this analysis proposes some solutions to improve this situation, offering a basis for future proposals that favor greater accessibility, inclusion and participation of young people in public affairs.
Direction
Nogueira López, María da Alba (Tutorships)
Nogueira López, María da Alba (Tutorships)
Court
Nogueira López, María da Alba (Student’s tutor)
Nogueira López, María da Alba (Student’s tutor)
Analysis of the attitudes of spanish society and institutions towards immigration.
Authorship
J.L.S.
Bachelor of Criminology
J.L.S.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
02.17.2025 12:00
02.17.2025 12:00
Summary
The substantial increase in the immigrant population in Spain has generated a variety of reactions in the spanish society, both of acceptance and rejection. To understand the reasons underlying the existence of a typology of five attitudinal profiles, in this review a panoramic study of the existing literature is carried out in order to analyze whether they are based on empirically demonstrated facts or if, on the contrary, they are based on a full range of false or distorted ideas of social reality. Within the framework of the object of study, it is also relevant to pay attention to the influential role of the media in public opinion, migration policies in Spain and the European Union, and inclusion and social integration models that exist in our country.
The substantial increase in the immigrant population in Spain has generated a variety of reactions in the spanish society, both of acceptance and rejection. To understand the reasons underlying the existence of a typology of five attitudinal profiles, in this review a panoramic study of the existing literature is carried out in order to analyze whether they are based on empirically demonstrated facts or if, on the contrary, they are based on a full range of false or distorted ideas of social reality. Within the framework of the object of study, it is also relevant to pay attention to the influential role of the media in public opinion, migration policies in Spain and the European Union, and inclusion and social integration models that exist in our country.
Direction
ALLONES PEREZ, CARLOS ANTONIO J (Tutorships)
ALLONES PEREZ, CARLOS ANTONIO J (Tutorships)
Court
ALLONES PEREZ, CARLOS ANTONIO J (Student’s tutor)
ALLONES PEREZ, CARLOS ANTONIO J (Student’s tutor)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
M.M.L.J.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.M.L.J.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 10:00
06.26.2025 10:00
Summary
This undergraduate thesis addresses the concept of non-traditional trademarks, a highly relevant topic today due to its impact on industrial property and its connection to current technological and sensory market trends. The main objective is to analyze how these trademarks, which go beyond conventional distinctive signs, are transforming the legal and commercial landscape. The historical evolution of trademarks provides the framework for understanding how approaches to distinctive signs have changed over time, highlighting the significance of industrial property law. The legal context and the definition of trademarks are then examined, distinguishing between traditional and non-traditional types. The work delves into the exclusive rights and the absolute and relative grounds for refusal that influence the legal protection process of trademarks. The core of the study focuses on non-traditional trademarks, dividing them into visual and non-visual categories. The former include three-dimensional, color, pattern, and position marks, while the latter encompass olfactory, sound, taste, and texture marks. Each type is analyzed in detail, considering its characteristics, legal challenges, and relevant case law. Finally, the thesis explores the new era of non-traditional trademarks, emphasizing how technological innovation is driving the need to adapt the legal framework. In conclusion, the study highlights how non-traditional trademarks are shaping the future of industrial property, challenging current regulations and demanding updates in legal norms to address these emerging issues.
This undergraduate thesis addresses the concept of non-traditional trademarks, a highly relevant topic today due to its impact on industrial property and its connection to current technological and sensory market trends. The main objective is to analyze how these trademarks, which go beyond conventional distinctive signs, are transforming the legal and commercial landscape. The historical evolution of trademarks provides the framework for understanding how approaches to distinctive signs have changed over time, highlighting the significance of industrial property law. The legal context and the definition of trademarks are then examined, distinguishing between traditional and non-traditional types. The work delves into the exclusive rights and the absolute and relative grounds for refusal that influence the legal protection process of trademarks. The core of the study focuses on non-traditional trademarks, dividing them into visual and non-visual categories. The former include three-dimensional, color, pattern, and position marks, while the latter encompass olfactory, sound, taste, and texture marks. Each type is analyzed in detail, considering its characteristics, legal challenges, and relevant case law. Finally, the thesis explores the new era of non-traditional trademarks, emphasizing how technological innovation is driving the need to adapt the legal framework. In conclusion, the study highlights how non-traditional trademarks are shaping the future of industrial property, challenging current regulations and demanding updates in legal norms to address these emerging issues.
Direction
Fernández-Albor Baltar, Ángel (Tutorships)
Fernández-Albor Baltar, Ángel (Tutorships)
Court
Fernández-Albor Baltar, Ángel (Student’s tutor)
Fernández-Albor Baltar, Ángel (Student’s tutor)
Role of labour agents in the protection of labour rights in the company. Special protection against sexual harassment in the company.
Authorship
D.L.O.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
D.L.O.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
02.20.2025 10:00
02.20.2025 10:00
Summary
This project developes the competences of labour agents in the protection of labour rights in the company, thourgh the study of the labour regulation, jurisprudence and doctrine. Special menction to the labour protection against sexual harassment and harassment based on sex: how to detect it and how to fight against it thourgh union tools.
This project developes the competences of labour agents in the protection of labour rights in the company, thourgh the study of the labour regulation, jurisprudence and doctrine. Special menction to the labour protection against sexual harassment and harassment based on sex: how to detect it and how to fight against it thourgh union tools.
Direction
MIRANDA BOTO, JOSE MARIA (Tutorships)
MIRANDA BOTO, JOSE MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
MIRANDA BOTO, JOSE MARIA (Student’s tutor)
MIRANDA BOTO, JOSE MARIA (Student’s tutor)
The crime of stalking as a form of gender violence and the use of new technologies.
Authorship
M.L.G.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
M.L.G.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
Defense date
06.30.2025 11:30
06.30.2025 11:30
Summary
The objective of this work is to analyze the crime of stalking under article 172.ter of the Penal Code. Specifically, it aims to study it from a gender perspective, taking into account that one of the reasons it was incorporated into the legal system was to assume the obligations established by the 2011 Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence for the States that are part of it. It also aims to explain how new technologies have impacted the methods and means used to commit acts of stalking. This is based on an examination of the current case law and doctrine on this crime.
The objective of this work is to analyze the crime of stalking under article 172.ter of the Penal Code. Specifically, it aims to study it from a gender perspective, taking into account that one of the reasons it was incorporated into the legal system was to assume the obligations established by the 2011 Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence for the States that are part of it. It also aims to explain how new technologies have impacted the methods and means used to commit acts of stalking. This is based on an examination of the current case law and doctrine on this crime.
Direction
PEREZ RIVAS, NATALIA (Tutorships)
PEREZ RIVAS, NATALIA (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ-PORTOMEÑE SEIJAS, FERNANDO ANTONIO (Chairman)
Valeije Álvarez, María Inmaculada (Secretary)
GUINARTE CABADA, GUMERSINDO (Member)
VAZQUEZ-PORTOMEÑE SEIJAS, FERNANDO ANTONIO (Chairman)
Valeije Álvarez, María Inmaculada (Secretary)
GUINARTE CABADA, GUMERSINDO (Member)
A Legal Challenge for International Law: Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems.
Authorship
C.L.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
C.L.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
07.01.2025 11:00
07.01.2025 11:00
Summary
Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS) are generally understood as weapon systems capable of selecting and engaging targets without direct human intervention in their critical functions. Their varying degrees of autonomy raise significant concerns, especially in the case of fully autonomous systems. As a result, the international community emphasizes the necessity of maintaining meaningful human control and ensuring human responsibility over the use of force responsibility that must never be delegated to a machine. Currently, there is no specific international treaty governing LAWS, although there are ongoing proposals aimed at eventually developing one. The main avenue for attempting to regulate these autonomous systems is the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) and its Group of Governmental Experts (GGE). Through their efforts, the full applicability of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) to LAWS has been affirmed, and a list of guiding principles has been developed, laying a foundation for continued work. Regarding regulatory proposals, the international community is divided between those advocating for an international regime to ban or restrict LAWS, and those favoring continued self-regulation based on soft law. In any case, LAWS must comply with the fundamental principles of IHL specifically the principles of distinction (between combatants/military objectives and civilians/civilian objects), proportionality (avoiding excessive civilian harm in relation to the anticipated military advantage), and precaution. The ability of LAWS to effectively apply these principles in complex combat environments remains a key concern.
Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS) are generally understood as weapon systems capable of selecting and engaging targets without direct human intervention in their critical functions. Their varying degrees of autonomy raise significant concerns, especially in the case of fully autonomous systems. As a result, the international community emphasizes the necessity of maintaining meaningful human control and ensuring human responsibility over the use of force responsibility that must never be delegated to a machine. Currently, there is no specific international treaty governing LAWS, although there are ongoing proposals aimed at eventually developing one. The main avenue for attempting to regulate these autonomous systems is the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) and its Group of Governmental Experts (GGE). Through their efforts, the full applicability of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) to LAWS has been affirmed, and a list of guiding principles has been developed, laying a foundation for continued work. Regarding regulatory proposals, the international community is divided between those advocating for an international regime to ban or restrict LAWS, and those favoring continued self-regulation based on soft law. In any case, LAWS must comply with the fundamental principles of IHL specifically the principles of distinction (between combatants/military objectives and civilians/civilian objects), proportionality (avoiding excessive civilian harm in relation to the anticipated military advantage), and precaution. The ability of LAWS to effectively apply these principles in complex combat environments remains a key concern.
Direction
JORGE URBINA, JULIO (Tutorships)
JORGE URBINA, JULIO (Tutorships)
Court
JORGE URBINA, JULIO (Student’s tutor)
JORGE URBINA, JULIO (Student’s tutor)
Divorce law of1932 and its application in Santiago de Compostela.
Authorship
A.L.S.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
A.L.S.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 11:45
06.26.2025 11:45
Summary
This paper focuses on Spanish divorce, in particular, the divorce of 1932 during the Second Republic. To understand the history of this law, it is necessary to start from the definition of marriage, as well as the history of divorce from Roman law to the current Spanish law. This is followed by a contextualization and legal analysis of the Divorce Law of 1932. Finally, it concludes with a case in rural Galicia. By examining two criminal cases, it implicitly reveals the initiation of a divorce lawsuit brought by a woman. This approach aims to provide a practical example of the implementation of the envisaged law and the problems that many women encountered in exercising their right to divorce.
This paper focuses on Spanish divorce, in particular, the divorce of 1932 during the Second Republic. To understand the history of this law, it is necessary to start from the definition of marriage, as well as the history of divorce from Roman law to the current Spanish law. This is followed by a contextualization and legal analysis of the Divorce Law of 1932. Finally, it concludes with a case in rural Galicia. By examining two criminal cases, it implicitly reveals the initiation of a divorce lawsuit brought by a woman. This approach aims to provide a practical example of the implementation of the envisaged law and the problems that many women encountered in exercising their right to divorce.
Direction
BOUZADA GIL, MARIA TERESA (Tutorships)
BOUZADA GIL, MARIA TERESA (Tutorships)
Court
BOUZADA GIL, MARIA TERESA (Student’s tutor)
BOUZADA GIL, MARIA TERESA (Student’s tutor)
The Impact of Abusive Clauses in Urban Lease Contracts on Young People's Access to Housing.
Authorship
L.M.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
L.M.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
07.01.2025 12:30
07.01.2025 12:30
Summary
The current housing problem is felt most acutely by the middle and lower classes of our country, and especially by young people who see the possibility of accessing the use or ownership of a home as something very distant. This paper aims to analyze the main causes that have led to this situation, both social and legal, and will relate them to the current regulatory framework governing residential lease agreements and leases for purposes other than housing, in order to assess their impact and identify potential lege ferenda proposals for improvement. Furthermore, an analysis will be conducted on the balance that must be achieved between the legal mechanisms intended to protect tenants and the landlords’ right to use and enjoy their private property, without the latter being entirely restricted.
The current housing problem is felt most acutely by the middle and lower classes of our country, and especially by young people who see the possibility of accessing the use or ownership of a home as something very distant. This paper aims to analyze the main causes that have led to this situation, both social and legal, and will relate them to the current regulatory framework governing residential lease agreements and leases for purposes other than housing, in order to assess their impact and identify potential lege ferenda proposals for improvement. Furthermore, an analysis will be conducted on the balance that must be achieved between the legal mechanisms intended to protect tenants and the landlords’ right to use and enjoy their private property, without the latter being entirely restricted.
Direction
GARCIA RUBIO, MARIA PAZ (Tutorships)
GARCIA RUBIO, MARIA PAZ (Tutorships)
Court
REBOLLEDO VARELA, ANGEL LUIS (Chairman)
MADRIÑAN VAZQUEZ, MARTA (Secretary)
CARBALLO FIDALGO, MARTA (Member)
REBOLLEDO VARELA, ANGEL LUIS (Chairman)
MADRIÑAN VAZQUEZ, MARTA (Secretary)
CARBALLO FIDALGO, MARTA (Member)
Employer Powers and the Respect for Workers' Fundamental Rights
Authorship
M.M.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.M.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 10:00
06.26.2025 10:00
Summary
This paper analyzes the exercise of employer powers within the employee relationships and their limits in relation to the fundamental rights of workers, with special attention to the power of surveillance and control and the right to privacy in the digital environment. It examines the powers of management, surveillance and control, and disciplinary action, but the research focuses mainly on how these powers must be exercised with careful acknowledgment for the constitutionally recognized rights of workers. The core of the study particularly addresses the challenges posed by new technologies used by employers as control tools, such as video surveillance, monitoring, or geolocation, and their impact on workers' right to privacy and digital disconnection. The fundamental legal framework used is Organic Law 3/2018 on the Protection of Personal Data and Guarantee of Digital Rights, which sets limits on the exercise of these business practices by establishing requirements of proportionality, prior notice, and respect for the worker’s dignity. Likewise, the paper highlights the role of the three-part proportionality test as a key instrument to assess the employer's measures in light of fundamental workers' rights, incorporating relevant case law such as the Barbulescu case. In conclusion, although employers possess broad powers, these are not unlimited and cannot be exercised arbitrarily or in violation of workers' rights. A balanced exercise of these powers is essential, especially in an increasingly complex and challenging digital environment.
This paper analyzes the exercise of employer powers within the employee relationships and their limits in relation to the fundamental rights of workers, with special attention to the power of surveillance and control and the right to privacy in the digital environment. It examines the powers of management, surveillance and control, and disciplinary action, but the research focuses mainly on how these powers must be exercised with careful acknowledgment for the constitutionally recognized rights of workers. The core of the study particularly addresses the challenges posed by new technologies used by employers as control tools, such as video surveillance, monitoring, or geolocation, and their impact on workers' right to privacy and digital disconnection. The fundamental legal framework used is Organic Law 3/2018 on the Protection of Personal Data and Guarantee of Digital Rights, which sets limits on the exercise of these business practices by establishing requirements of proportionality, prior notice, and respect for the worker’s dignity. Likewise, the paper highlights the role of the three-part proportionality test as a key instrument to assess the employer's measures in light of fundamental workers' rights, incorporating relevant case law such as the Barbulescu case. In conclusion, although employers possess broad powers, these are not unlimited and cannot be exercised arbitrarily or in violation of workers' rights. A balanced exercise of these powers is essential, especially in an increasingly complex and challenging digital environment.
Direction
Alvarez Gonzalez, Teresa Eva (Tutorships)
Alvarez Gonzalez, Teresa Eva (Tutorships)
Court
Alvarez Gonzalez, Teresa Eva (Student’s tutor)
Alvarez Gonzalez, Teresa Eva (Student’s tutor)
Organizational bases of the National Police in Spain
Authorship
A.M.G.
Bachelor of Criminology
A.M.G.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
06.30.2025 12:00
06.30.2025 12:00
Summary
The aim of this work is to carry out a study on the current model of the National Police Force in Spain, with the objective of collecting the regulations, bases, structure, etc. of such a famous and at the same time unknown body as the National Police. Firstly, a review of the history of the Corps will be carried out, starting from its origin and moving through the different reforms it has undergone over the years until reaching the current model. On the other hand, we will review the different regulations to which it is subject, from the Constitution itself to the Corps' internal regulations. We will then take a look at the current process for accessing the different posts in the National Police, the preparation and training of the police officers of the future and the different ways of promotion and specialisation once within the Corps itself. We will continue with a study of the different existing units as well as their structure and organisation throughout the national territory, while their functions and competencies will be covered and dealt with, to end with a look at the present and/or near future through different aspects and fronts that have or will have a special importance in the coming years for the National Police Corps.
The aim of this work is to carry out a study on the current model of the National Police Force in Spain, with the objective of collecting the regulations, bases, structure, etc. of such a famous and at the same time unknown body as the National Police. Firstly, a review of the history of the Corps will be carried out, starting from its origin and moving through the different reforms it has undergone over the years until reaching the current model. On the other hand, we will review the different regulations to which it is subject, from the Constitution itself to the Corps' internal regulations. We will then take a look at the current process for accessing the different posts in the National Police, the preparation and training of the police officers of the future and the different ways of promotion and specialisation once within the Corps itself. We will continue with a study of the different existing units as well as their structure and organisation throughout the national territory, while their functions and competencies will be covered and dealt with, to end with a look at the present and/or near future through different aspects and fronts that have or will have a special importance in the coming years for the National Police Corps.
Direction
Miguez Macho, Luis (Tutorships)
Miguez Macho, Luis (Tutorships)
Court
Miguez Macho, Luis (Student’s tutor)
Miguez Macho, Luis (Student’s tutor)
Future perspective of the global corporation minimum tax
Authorship
A.M.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
A.M.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 10:00
06.26.2025 10:00
Summary
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Second Pillar measures proposed by the OECD to establish a global minimum corporate income tax rate of 15%. This tax is one of the biggest international reforms of the tax system, so it is extremely important to understand how this tax will be applied as well as the possible consequences.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Second Pillar measures proposed by the OECD to establish a global minimum corporate income tax rate of 15%. This tax is one of the biggest international reforms of the tax system, so it is extremely important to understand how this tax will be applied as well as the possible consequences.
Direction
GARCIA NOVOA, CESAR (Tutorships)
GARCIA NOVOA, CESAR (Tutorships)
Court
GARCIA NOVOA, CESAR (Student’s tutor)
GARCIA NOVOA, CESAR (Student’s tutor)
DNA Analysis in the Criminal Process
Authorship
S.M.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
S.M.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 16:00
06.26.2025 16:00
Summary
This paper aims to analyze DNA samples in terms of their probative value and their role throughout the criminal procedure. In Spain, the reform carried out in 2015 introduced the possibility of coercively obtaining a DNA sample when the suspect refuses to provide it, provided there is prior judicial authorization. We will seek to examine how this collection affects the constitutional order and fundamental rights, as well as explore the issues that may arise from its application: in which cases it is applicable; under what conditions; what the judicial authorization must include; how the collection and analysis should be conducted; and, ultimately, the entire process involved in this highly problematic procedure of forcibly collecting and analyzing DNA. Additionally, there are two high-profile cases in Spanish criminal procedural history that deserve special attention regarding this type of evidence, and we will mention and analyze them throughout the development of the present paper.
This paper aims to analyze DNA samples in terms of their probative value and their role throughout the criminal procedure. In Spain, the reform carried out in 2015 introduced the possibility of coercively obtaining a DNA sample when the suspect refuses to provide it, provided there is prior judicial authorization. We will seek to examine how this collection affects the constitutional order and fundamental rights, as well as explore the issues that may arise from its application: in which cases it is applicable; under what conditions; what the judicial authorization must include; how the collection and analysis should be conducted; and, ultimately, the entire process involved in this highly problematic procedure of forcibly collecting and analyzing DNA. Additionally, there are two high-profile cases in Spanish criminal procedural history that deserve special attention regarding this type of evidence, and we will mention and analyze them throughout the development of the present paper.
Direction
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Brief analysis of the right to freedom of expression in the digital era.
Authorship
H.N.K.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
H.N.K.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.30.2025 13:00
06.30.2025 13:00
Summary
This study explores the intricate landscape of freedom of expression in the digital era, with a particular emphasis on the impact of social media. It begins by examining this fundamental right through a legal lens, underscoring the constitutional and legislative safeguards that uphold it within democratic societies. The analysis further considers other rights intrinsically linked to freedom of expression, such as the right to access information. The research then delves into the emerging risks associated with the rapid advancement of information technologies, most notably, censorship and the proliferation of hate speech and disinformation. Finally, it evaluates the existing mechanisms of control and regulation at both national and international levels, taking into account state responses as well as the content moderation policies implemented by digital platforms.
This study explores the intricate landscape of freedom of expression in the digital era, with a particular emphasis on the impact of social media. It begins by examining this fundamental right through a legal lens, underscoring the constitutional and legislative safeguards that uphold it within democratic societies. The analysis further considers other rights intrinsically linked to freedom of expression, such as the right to access information. The research then delves into the emerging risks associated with the rapid advancement of information technologies, most notably, censorship and the proliferation of hate speech and disinformation. Finally, it evaluates the existing mechanisms of control and regulation at both national and international levels, taking into account state responses as well as the content moderation policies implemented by digital platforms.
Direction
GUDE FERNANDEZ, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
GUDE FERNANDEZ, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
GUDE FERNANDEZ, ANA MARIA (Student’s tutor)
GUDE FERNANDEZ, ANA MARIA (Student’s tutor)
Petrial detention, criminogenic factors and resocialization
Authorship
S.O.L.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
S.O.L.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 16:30
06.26.2025 16:30
Summary
Pretrial detention, a restrictive precautionary measure, creates tensions between criminal proceedings and fundamental rights. Although conceived as exceptional and subsidiary, its use has extended beyond what was originally intended, becoming in many cases a form of anticipated punishment affecting individuals who have not yet been convicted. This reality not only undermines principles such as the presumption of innocence but also has significant personal, social, and legal consequences. One of the most concerning issues is the criminogenic effect that pretrial imprisonment can have. Contact with prison environments and convicted inmates can lead to a “criminogenic contamination” in individuals who, in some cases, are later found to be innocent. This is compounded by psychological impact, the loss of social and employment ties, and the difficulty of reintegration after release. The analysis also addresses the concept of resocialization, understood as an active process of re-education and social reintegration. From this perspective, it questions whether pretrial detention, as it is currently applied, meets the constitutional requirement that penalties be oriented toward rehabilitation. In addition, the responsibility of the State in cases of unlawful pretrial detention is examined, along with the limited effectiveness of judicial review mechanisms and the need to strengthen procedural safeguards. Alternatives such as restorative justice are proposed, and the importance of prison policies focused on education, psychological care, and employment integration is emphasized as a means to reduce recidivism.
Pretrial detention, a restrictive precautionary measure, creates tensions between criminal proceedings and fundamental rights. Although conceived as exceptional and subsidiary, its use has extended beyond what was originally intended, becoming in many cases a form of anticipated punishment affecting individuals who have not yet been convicted. This reality not only undermines principles such as the presumption of innocence but also has significant personal, social, and legal consequences. One of the most concerning issues is the criminogenic effect that pretrial imprisonment can have. Contact with prison environments and convicted inmates can lead to a “criminogenic contamination” in individuals who, in some cases, are later found to be innocent. This is compounded by psychological impact, the loss of social and employment ties, and the difficulty of reintegration after release. The analysis also addresses the concept of resocialization, understood as an active process of re-education and social reintegration. From this perspective, it questions whether pretrial detention, as it is currently applied, meets the constitutional requirement that penalties be oriented toward rehabilitation. In addition, the responsibility of the State in cases of unlawful pretrial detention is examined, along with the limited effectiveness of judicial review mechanisms and the need to strengthen procedural safeguards. Alternatives such as restorative justice are proposed, and the importance of prison policies focused on education, psychological care, and employment integration is emphasized as a means to reduce recidivism.
Direction
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Co-parenting as a contemporary family model.
Authorship
S.O.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
S.O.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 12:30
06.26.2025 12:30
Summary
This Final Degree Project analyzes the phenomenon of co-parenting as an emerging family model in which two or more people, without a romantic bond, decide to share the upbringing of a child. It investigates its origins, its development in Spain, and the lack of specific regulations on the subject, as well as its comparison with other legal systems. From a legal perspective, it examines co-parenting contracts, filiation, and parental authority, as well as the various conflicts that could arise due to the lack of specific regulations. It also addresses other aspects such as multiple parenthood and the possibility that this concept could be used to evade the law in relation to surrogacy. From an ethical perspective, it analyzes the rights of the child and their best interests, assessing whether this model guarantees a stable and safe environment for their proper growth and development. This project concludes that, although co-parenting does not necessarily constitute a new family model, it poses certain legal and ethical challenges that require clear regulation. This reality needs to be addressed from a comprehensive perspective that guarantees both the legal security of parents and the protection of children, ensuring their growth and development in an appropriate environment.
This Final Degree Project analyzes the phenomenon of co-parenting as an emerging family model in which two or more people, without a romantic bond, decide to share the upbringing of a child. It investigates its origins, its development in Spain, and the lack of specific regulations on the subject, as well as its comparison with other legal systems. From a legal perspective, it examines co-parenting contracts, filiation, and parental authority, as well as the various conflicts that could arise due to the lack of specific regulations. It also addresses other aspects such as multiple parenthood and the possibility that this concept could be used to evade the law in relation to surrogacy. From an ethical perspective, it analyzes the rights of the child and their best interests, assessing whether this model guarantees a stable and safe environment for their proper growth and development. This project concludes that, although co-parenting does not necessarily constitute a new family model, it poses certain legal and ethical challenges that require clear regulation. This reality needs to be addressed from a comprehensive perspective that guarantees both the legal security of parents and the protection of children, ensuring their growth and development in an appropriate environment.
Direction
Rodríguez Boente, Sonia Esperanza (Tutorships)
Rodríguez Boente, Sonia Esperanza (Tutorships)
Court
Rodríguez Boente, Sonia Esperanza (Student’s tutor)
Rodríguez Boente, Sonia Esperanza (Student’s tutor)
Working hours and rest periods. Regulation, jurisprudence and collective agreements.
Authorship
H.P.P.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
H.P.P.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
Defense date
02.17.2025 10:30
02.17.2025 10:30
Summary
This paper focuses on analysing various aspects related to the regulation of working time, breaks and holidays in the Spanish labour framework, both from a normative and jurisprudential perspective, taking collective bargaining into account. It examines how Spanish legislation has evolved historically to establish clear limits on the maximum working day, taking the current constitutional framework as a reference. It also addresses the different categories of time within the working day, such as effective working time, availability time and rest. In this sense, specific cases are discussed, such as bathroom breaks or shift changes. The paper also explores the regulations on rest times, including short breaks during the day, daily and weekly rest, as well as paid annual holidays. The national and European provisions are examined, in particular Directive 2003/88/EC. Finally, the recent proposal to reduce the maximum weekly working day to 37.5 hours, announced in December 2024, is discussed.
This paper focuses on analysing various aspects related to the regulation of working time, breaks and holidays in the Spanish labour framework, both from a normative and jurisprudential perspective, taking collective bargaining into account. It examines how Spanish legislation has evolved historically to establish clear limits on the maximum working day, taking the current constitutional framework as a reference. It also addresses the different categories of time within the working day, such as effective working time, availability time and rest. In this sense, specific cases are discussed, such as bathroom breaks or shift changes. The paper also explores the regulations on rest times, including short breaks during the day, daily and weekly rest, as well as paid annual holidays. The national and European provisions are examined, in particular Directive 2003/88/EC. Finally, the recent proposal to reduce the maximum weekly working day to 37.5 hours, announced in December 2024, is discussed.
Direction
Alvarez Gonzalez, Teresa Eva (Tutorships)
Alvarez Gonzalez, Teresa Eva (Tutorships)
Court
MELLA MENDEZ, LOURDES (Chairman)
VILLALBA SANCHEZ, ALICIA (Secretary)
FERREIRO REGUEIRO, MARIA CONSUELO (Member)
MELLA MENDEZ, LOURDES (Chairman)
VILLALBA SANCHEZ, ALICIA (Secretary)
FERREIRO REGUEIRO, MARIA CONSUELO (Member)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
M.P.L.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.P.L.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 11:00
06.26.2025 11:00
Summary
This project is an exploration of the incidence of politician and philosopher Jeremy Bentham’s main invention, the Panopticon or the Inspection House, in the Spanish prison reform of the 19th century through a practical example: Lugo’s district prison, founded in 1887, in the midst of a wave of model prison construction in Spain. The prison is erected at a time when the ideas of the Enlightenment period are consolidating in Spanish penitentiary law, with legislative changes that will make imprisonment (as opposed to other types of sentences) the central pillar of its criminal legislation. The aim was to understand the raison d'être of its pseudo-panoptic layout, a true anomaly with very few preceding examples in the construction practice of the time, when radial or 'panoptic-local' models were preferred. Through an extensive literature review, we trace a journey through the invention of the panoptic prison, beginning with a brief overview of the life and times of its creator and following up with the evolution of the concept of central inspection throughout history and the various sources which, consciously or unconsciously, influenced Jeremy Bentham when designing this instrument for the exercise of power. After detailing the ideological principles that articulate the model, we dig deep into the impact it had at an international level and then focus on Lugo’s penitentiary, come to life in a climate of reform achieved at irregular intervals. Finally, we try to present a hypothesis about its unusual morphology, which seemed to be for the most part already superseded at the end of the century.
This project is an exploration of the incidence of politician and philosopher Jeremy Bentham’s main invention, the Panopticon or the Inspection House, in the Spanish prison reform of the 19th century through a practical example: Lugo’s district prison, founded in 1887, in the midst of a wave of model prison construction in Spain. The prison is erected at a time when the ideas of the Enlightenment period are consolidating in Spanish penitentiary law, with legislative changes that will make imprisonment (as opposed to other types of sentences) the central pillar of its criminal legislation. The aim was to understand the raison d'être of its pseudo-panoptic layout, a true anomaly with very few preceding examples in the construction practice of the time, when radial or 'panoptic-local' models were preferred. Through an extensive literature review, we trace a journey through the invention of the panoptic prison, beginning with a brief overview of the life and times of its creator and following up with the evolution of the concept of central inspection throughout history and the various sources which, consciously or unconsciously, influenced Jeremy Bentham when designing this instrument for the exercise of power. After detailing the ideological principles that articulate the model, we dig deep into the impact it had at an international level and then focus on Lugo’s penitentiary, come to life in a climate of reform achieved at irregular intervals. Finally, we try to present a hypothesis about its unusual morphology, which seemed to be for the most part already superseded at the end of the century.
Direction
BOUZADA GIL, MARIA TERESA (Tutorships)
BOUZADA GIL, MARIA TERESA (Tutorships)
Court
ORTEGO GIL, PEDRO (Chairman)
Rodríguez Boente, Sonia Esperanza (Secretary)
SEGURA ORTEGA, MANUEL (Member)
ORTEGO GIL, PEDRO (Chairman)
Rodríguez Boente, Sonia Esperanza (Secretary)
SEGURA ORTEGA, MANUEL (Member)
Succession planification in the digital sphere
Authorship
M.P.R.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.P.R.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 12:30
06.26.2025 12:30
Summary
In a context marked by the increasing digitalisation of day to day life, this paper aims to analyze the legal problems arising from succession planning in the digital sphere. It studies the scope of the testator's autonomy of will with regard to the inheritance of his or her assets and digital rights, including both patrimonial and extra-patrimonial. It also carries out a task of conceptual delimitation around still diffuse realities, such as the controversial debate on the existence of the ‘digital will’ or what should be understood by ‘digital assets and rights’. All of this is based on the intersection between succession law, contract law and personality rights, as well as the difficulties that arise when attempting to apply traditional institutions to new forms of heritage that are physically and conceptually distant from the notion of analogue heritage. Finally, it examines the role of the current Organic Law on the Protection of Personal Data and Guarantee of Digital Rights (LOPDPGDD) as the basic regulatory framework for the regulation of digital succession in Spain.
In a context marked by the increasing digitalisation of day to day life, this paper aims to analyze the legal problems arising from succession planning in the digital sphere. It studies the scope of the testator's autonomy of will with regard to the inheritance of his or her assets and digital rights, including both patrimonial and extra-patrimonial. It also carries out a task of conceptual delimitation around still diffuse realities, such as the controversial debate on the existence of the ‘digital will’ or what should be understood by ‘digital assets and rights’. All of this is based on the intersection between succession law, contract law and personality rights, as well as the difficulties that arise when attempting to apply traditional institutions to new forms of heritage that are physically and conceptually distant from the notion of analogue heritage. Finally, it examines the role of the current Organic Law on the Protection of Personal Data and Guarantee of Digital Rights (LOPDPGDD) as the basic regulatory framework for the regulation of digital succession in Spain.
Direction
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Tutorships)
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Student’s tutor)
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Student’s tutor)
Evolution and sexual selection theory: a narrative review of sex differences in human aggression.
Authorship
S.P.C.
Bachelor of Criminology
S.P.C.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
02.17.2025 11:00
02.17.2025 11:00
Summary
The aim of this paper is to provide a narrative review of sexual differences in violence from an evolutionary perspective. Human aggression shows significant differences between sexes, with men exhibiting higher levels of violence. For over a century, evolutionary psychology has sought to offer various explanations for this phenomenon; therefore, this text will review what has been proposed in the scientific literature in order to provide an updated overview of this area. Psychological, social and biological factors will be addressed, attempting to understand how they are conditioned by the evolutionary processes discussed by Charles Darwin.
The aim of this paper is to provide a narrative review of sexual differences in violence from an evolutionary perspective. Human aggression shows significant differences between sexes, with men exhibiting higher levels of violence. For over a century, evolutionary psychology has sought to offer various explanations for this phenomenon; therefore, this text will review what has been proposed in the scientific literature in order to provide an updated overview of this area. Psychological, social and biological factors will be addressed, attempting to understand how they are conditioned by the evolutionary processes discussed by Charles Darwin.
Direction
ESMORIS ARRANZ, FRANCISCO JOSE (Tutorships)
ESMORIS ARRANZ, FRANCISCO JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
ESMORIS ARRANZ, FRANCISCO JOSE (Student’s tutor)
ESMORIS ARRANZ, FRANCISCO JOSE (Student’s tutor)
The functional dependence of the Judicial Police on the judicial and prosecutorial authorities.
Authorship
A.P.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
A.P.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.30.2025 11:30
06.30.2025 11:30
Summary
This Final Degree Project examines the system of dual organic and functional dependency governing the actions of the Judicial Police in relation to both the Executive and Judicial branches, with particular emphasis on their functional subordination to judicial and prosecutorial authorities. The study includes a legal analysis of the incorporation of the Judicial Police into the Spanish legal system, detailing its composition, guiding principles, and assigned duties. The project concludes with a comprehensive review of the functions entrusted to the Judicial Police as established in the Spanish Code of Criminal Procedure.
This Final Degree Project examines the system of dual organic and functional dependency governing the actions of the Judicial Police in relation to both the Executive and Judicial branches, with particular emphasis on their functional subordination to judicial and prosecutorial authorities. The study includes a legal analysis of the incorporation of the Judicial Police into the Spanish legal system, detailing its composition, guiding principles, and assigned duties. The project concludes with a comprehensive review of the functions entrusted to the Judicial Police as established in the Spanish Code of Criminal Procedure.
Direction
CATALINA BENAVENTE, MARIA DE LOS ANGELES (Tutorships)
CATALINA BENAVENTE, MARIA DE LOS ANGELES (Tutorships)
Court
CATALINA BENAVENTE, MARIA DE LOS ANGELES (Student’s tutor)
CATALINA BENAVENTE, MARIA DE LOS ANGELES (Student’s tutor)
Dark personality traits and attitudes towards fraud: a study with prison and community populations.
Authorship
P.P.G.
Bachelor of Criminology
P.P.G.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
07.08.2025 11:00
07.08.2025 11:00
Summary
There are several variables we should consider to properly explain criminal acts. However, when we allude to economic crimes, we find opportunist and utilitarian analysis that, on their own, do not consider the complexity of this phenomenon. This study tries to highlight the personality variables linked to Dark Personality and economic crimes. To achieve that, there will be a comparison between a community sample and a penitentiary sample. The point is to search significant differences in the next variables: psychopathy, dark triad, moral disengagement and fraud propensity. All of them will be reviewed with scientifically validated scales to identify personality traits related to economic crimes.
There are several variables we should consider to properly explain criminal acts. However, when we allude to economic crimes, we find opportunist and utilitarian analysis that, on their own, do not consider the complexity of this phenomenon. This study tries to highlight the personality variables linked to Dark Personality and economic crimes. To achieve that, there will be a comparison between a community sample and a penitentiary sample. The point is to search significant differences in the next variables: psychopathy, dark triad, moral disengagement and fraud propensity. All of them will be reviewed with scientifically validated scales to identify personality traits related to economic crimes.
Direction
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Tutorships)
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Tutorships)
Court
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Chairman)
Seijo Martínez, María Dolores (Secretary)
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Member)
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Chairman)
Seijo Martínez, María Dolores (Secretary)
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Member)
Analysis of the Temporary Solidarity Tax on Large Fortunes
Authorship
A.Q.A.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
A.Q.A.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 12:00
06.26.2025 12:00
Summary
In 2022, a series of political measures were passed in Spain in order to soften the negative effects on the economy that the war in Ukraine had caused. Amongst them were a couple different taxes, the most controversial of them being the Temporary Solidarity Tax on Large Fortunes, which is object of analysis in this final project. This tax is created to be complementary to the existing Wealth Tax and most of its regulation refers back to this tax’s law for its expanse. It is characterized by its harmonizing and tax collection purposes, which come into conflict with the Autonomous Communities’ financial autonomy. The taxpayers affected, which are always natural persons, are holders of a patrimony of over 3.000.000 euros worth. Its introduction into our legal system has resulted in many debates about its material content, but also because of the formal implications of its approval.
In 2022, a series of political measures were passed in Spain in order to soften the negative effects on the economy that the war in Ukraine had caused. Amongst them were a couple different taxes, the most controversial of them being the Temporary Solidarity Tax on Large Fortunes, which is object of analysis in this final project. This tax is created to be complementary to the existing Wealth Tax and most of its regulation refers back to this tax’s law for its expanse. It is characterized by its harmonizing and tax collection purposes, which come into conflict with the Autonomous Communities’ financial autonomy. The taxpayers affected, which are always natural persons, are holders of a patrimony of over 3.000.000 euros worth. Its introduction into our legal system has resulted in many debates about its material content, but also because of the formal implications of its approval.
Direction
IGLESIAS CASAIS, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
IGLESIAS CASAIS, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
IGLESIAS CASAIS, JOSE MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
IGLESIAS CASAIS, JOSE MANUEL (Student’s tutor)
The Public Prosecutor as Investigator in Adult Criminal Proceedings
Authorship
A.R.M.
Bachelor of Criminology
A.R.M.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
06.27.2025 16:00
06.27.2025 16:00
Summary
This paper conducts a literature review on the role of the Public Prosecutor's Office as the director of the investigation phase in adult criminal proceedings in Spain, analyzing its legal framework, historical evolution, and doctrinal debates. It examines the proposal to transform the Spanish criminal procedure model, currently led by an investigating judge, into a system where the prosecutor would assume leadership of the investigation, creating the figure of a guarantees judge to safeguard fundamental rights. This reform seeks to strengthen judicial impartiality by clearly separating the functions of investigating and judging. There are significant criticisms of and obstacles to this transformation, the most prominent objection being that which alludes to the hierarchical structure of the Public Prosecutor's Office and its dependence on the executive branch. Assigning the investigation to the Public Prosecutor's Office seems unfeasible without a prior and profound reform of its organic statute. Such a reform must be capable of guaranteeing its full autonomy from the government to ensure the impartiality of the investigation and strengthen public trust in the justice system.
This paper conducts a literature review on the role of the Public Prosecutor's Office as the director of the investigation phase in adult criminal proceedings in Spain, analyzing its legal framework, historical evolution, and doctrinal debates. It examines the proposal to transform the Spanish criminal procedure model, currently led by an investigating judge, into a system where the prosecutor would assume leadership of the investigation, creating the figure of a guarantees judge to safeguard fundamental rights. This reform seeks to strengthen judicial impartiality by clearly separating the functions of investigating and judging. There are significant criticisms of and obstacles to this transformation, the most prominent objection being that which alludes to the hierarchical structure of the Public Prosecutor's Office and its dependence on the executive branch. Assigning the investigation to the Public Prosecutor's Office seems unfeasible without a prior and profound reform of its organic statute. Such a reform must be capable of guaranteeing its full autonomy from the government to ensure the impartiality of the investigation and strengthen public trust in the justice system.
Direction
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
S.R.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
S.R.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 13:30
06.26.2025 13:30
Summary
En la era de la inteligencia artificial, donde algoritmos opacos deciden si una persona obtiene un empleo, un préstamo o incluso la libertad, este trabajo analiza críticamente uno de los desafíos más urgentes del Derecho contemporáneo: la discriminación automatizada. A través de una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis documental y el estudio de casos emblemáticos (COMPAS, Amazon y el scoring crediticio), se evidencia cómo los sistemas de IA pueden reproducir y amplificar sesgos estructurales bajo una apariencia de objetividad técnica. El trabajo explora el marco normativo europeo y español, examina las consecuencias jurídicas y sociales de estas decisiones automatizadas, y aborda la compleja cuestión de la atribución de responsabilidad. Especial atención merece la reciente jurisprudencia del TJUE, que refuerza el derecho a una revisión significativa de decisiones automatizadas con efectos jurídicos. Asimismo, se proponen soluciones legislativas y de gobernanza algorítmica para garantizar la transparencia, la equidad y la rendición de cuentas en el desarrollo y uso de sistemas de IA. Este TFG no solo pretende ofrecer una reflexión académica, sino también una llamada a la acción jurídica ante un fenómeno que transforma silenciosamente las reglas del juego democrático. Frente a la fascinación tecnológica, el Derecho debe ejercer su función esencial: proteger a las personas, especialmente a las más vulnerables, frente a nuevas formas de exclusión invisible.
En la era de la inteligencia artificial, donde algoritmos opacos deciden si una persona obtiene un empleo, un préstamo o incluso la libertad, este trabajo analiza críticamente uno de los desafíos más urgentes del Derecho contemporáneo: la discriminación automatizada. A través de una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis documental y el estudio de casos emblemáticos (COMPAS, Amazon y el scoring crediticio), se evidencia cómo los sistemas de IA pueden reproducir y amplificar sesgos estructurales bajo una apariencia de objetividad técnica. El trabajo explora el marco normativo europeo y español, examina las consecuencias jurídicas y sociales de estas decisiones automatizadas, y aborda la compleja cuestión de la atribución de responsabilidad. Especial atención merece la reciente jurisprudencia del TJUE, que refuerza el derecho a una revisión significativa de decisiones automatizadas con efectos jurídicos. Asimismo, se proponen soluciones legislativas y de gobernanza algorítmica para garantizar la transparencia, la equidad y la rendición de cuentas en el desarrollo y uso de sistemas de IA. Este TFG no solo pretende ofrecer una reflexión académica, sino también una llamada a la acción jurídica ante un fenómeno que transforma silenciosamente las reglas del juego democrático. Frente a la fascinación tecnológica, el Derecho debe ejercer su función esencial: proteger a las personas, especialmente a las más vulnerables, frente a nuevas formas de exclusión invisible.
Direction
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Tutorships)
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Student’s tutor)
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Student’s tutor)
Personal data protection provisions in the antitrust legal framework: the “Meta Platforms Inc.” judgment
Authorship
C.R.D.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
C.R.D.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.30.2025 13:30
06.30.2025 13:30
Summary
This paper analyzes the interaction between competition law and the protection of personal data in the digital market, starting with a systematic study of the different regulatory frameworks governing these areas: the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the European Union's antitrust rules, especially Article 102 of the TFEU, and the new Digital Markets Regulation (DMA). Next on, it is discussed how this interrelationship manifests itself in practice based on an analysis of the recent CJEU judgment of 4 July 2023, Meta Platforms Inc. (C-252/21). The aim of this paper is to show how the improper processing of personal data in today's digital environment can be not only an infringement of data protection regulations, but also an indication of anti-competitive practices susceptible to sanction by the competent authorities. It also aims to highlight the need for cooperation between national competition authorities and data protection supervisory authorities to ensure the protection of citizens' rights and the proper functioning of the internal market.
This paper analyzes the interaction between competition law and the protection of personal data in the digital market, starting with a systematic study of the different regulatory frameworks governing these areas: the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the European Union's antitrust rules, especially Article 102 of the TFEU, and the new Digital Markets Regulation (DMA). Next on, it is discussed how this interrelationship manifests itself in practice based on an analysis of the recent CJEU judgment of 4 July 2023, Meta Platforms Inc. (C-252/21). The aim of this paper is to show how the improper processing of personal data in today's digital environment can be not only an infringement of data protection regulations, but also an indication of anti-competitive practices susceptible to sanction by the competent authorities. It also aims to highlight the need for cooperation between national competition authorities and data protection supervisory authorities to ensure the protection of citizens' rights and the proper functioning of the internal market.
Direction
NEIRA BARRAL, DANIEL (Tutorships)
NEIRA BARRAL, DANIEL (Tutorships)
Court
NEIRA BARRAL, DANIEL (Student’s tutor)
NEIRA BARRAL, DANIEL (Student’s tutor)
Sharenting and parental authority
Authorship
A.R.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
A.R.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 13:00
06.26.2025 13:00
Summary
This paper begins by examining the concept and legal configuration of parental authority (currently referred to as parental responsibility), as well as its essential elements. It then turns to the analysis of the phenomenon known as sharenting, understood as the practice by which parents share images and personal information of their underage children on social media. The study explores the potential risks this exposure poses to minors, including cyberbullying or digital footprint issues. The paper further examines the legal conflicts arising from sharenting, particularly those related to the right to privacy, image, and data protection of minors. Finally, it offers a detailed assessment of the normative response given by Spanish law, including the CE, the LO 1/1982 and the LOPDGDD.
This paper begins by examining the concept and legal configuration of parental authority (currently referred to as parental responsibility), as well as its essential elements. It then turns to the analysis of the phenomenon known as sharenting, understood as the practice by which parents share images and personal information of their underage children on social media. The study explores the potential risks this exposure poses to minors, including cyberbullying or digital footprint issues. The paper further examines the legal conflicts arising from sharenting, particularly those related to the right to privacy, image, and data protection of minors. Finally, it offers a detailed assessment of the normative response given by Spanish law, including the CE, the LO 1/1982 and the LOPDGDD.
Direction
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Tutorships)
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Student’s tutor)
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Student’s tutor)
The money laundering offence and the most diffuse aspects of its regulation in Spanish Law.
Authorship
M.R.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.R.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.30.2025 12:30
06.30.2025 12:30
Summary
Due to the globalization and the prevailing social and economic situation in the current world, the money laundering offence has become one of the most frequent felonies at national and international levels. This poses a great challenge and demands significant effort and coordination from national authorities and international organizations to prevent serious harm to the economic system. Therefore, in this final degree project I shall present some main ideas regarding the nature of the aformentioned felony and the various elements involved, and then, I shall focus, in the frame of Spanish Law, on the most controversial and discussed commissive modalities of the money laundering among the jurists. To do so, I shall contrast the diverse positions on these areas and add what the jurisprudence has stated on this regard. Thus, the main aim of this work is to offer the reader a set of data about the most diffuse concepts and how they are punished in the Spanish justice system, specifically, the self-money laundering offence and the possibilty of real concurrence between the tax offence and the money laundering.
Due to the globalization and the prevailing social and economic situation in the current world, the money laundering offence has become one of the most frequent felonies at national and international levels. This poses a great challenge and demands significant effort and coordination from national authorities and international organizations to prevent serious harm to the economic system. Therefore, in this final degree project I shall present some main ideas regarding the nature of the aformentioned felony and the various elements involved, and then, I shall focus, in the frame of Spanish Law, on the most controversial and discussed commissive modalities of the money laundering among the jurists. To do so, I shall contrast the diverse positions on these areas and add what the jurisprudence has stated on this regard. Thus, the main aim of this work is to offer the reader a set of data about the most diffuse concepts and how they are punished in the Spanish justice system, specifically, the self-money laundering offence and the possibilty of real concurrence between the tax offence and the money laundering.
Direction
GUINARTE CABADA, GUMERSINDO (Tutorships)
GUINARTE CABADA, GUMERSINDO (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ-PORTOMEÑE SEIJAS, FERNANDO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BRAGE CENDAN, SANTIAGO BERNARDO (Secretary)
Valeije Álvarez, María Inmaculada (Member)
VAZQUEZ-PORTOMEÑE SEIJAS, FERNANDO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BRAGE CENDAN, SANTIAGO BERNARDO (Secretary)
Valeije Álvarez, María Inmaculada (Member)
Tax Residence of Legal Entities: Acquisition and Loss
Authorship
R.R.N.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
R.R.N.
Double bachelor degree in Laws and Labour Relations and Human Resources
Defense date
07.11.2025 10:00
07.11.2025 10:00
Summary
This document analyzes the tax residence of legal entities from the perspective of tax law, addressing its acquisition and loss, as well as the implications arising from its determination. We begin with a preliminary delimitation of which entities are subject to income tax, distinguishing between legal entities with and without legal personality. We examine the concept of tax residence from the standpoint of domestic law, focusing on the connecting factors established by the Corporate Income Tax regulations, as well as the legal presumption of residence for entities located in low-tax jurisdictions. The role of permanent establishments and their relevance within the framework of tax liability is also addressed. On the other hand, we analyze the concept of residence in the international context, especially in Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAAs) and the OECD Model Tax Convention, highlighting the criteria used to resolve dual residence conflicts and the importance of the place of effective management. Furthermore, we delve into the loss of tax residence and its legal and tax consequences, with special attention to the “exit tax” regime regulated by Article 19 of Law 27/2014, of November 27, on Corporate Income Tax. Finally, the compatibility of this figure with European Union law is examined, through the case law of the CJEU and the transposition of Directive (EU) 2016/1164. All of this is contextualized in a globalized economic environment, where determining tax residence becomes especially relevant to avoid double taxation and ensure legal certainty for the taxpayer.
This document analyzes the tax residence of legal entities from the perspective of tax law, addressing its acquisition and loss, as well as the implications arising from its determination. We begin with a preliminary delimitation of which entities are subject to income tax, distinguishing between legal entities with and without legal personality. We examine the concept of tax residence from the standpoint of domestic law, focusing on the connecting factors established by the Corporate Income Tax regulations, as well as the legal presumption of residence for entities located in low-tax jurisdictions. The role of permanent establishments and their relevance within the framework of tax liability is also addressed. On the other hand, we analyze the concept of residence in the international context, especially in Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAAs) and the OECD Model Tax Convention, highlighting the criteria used to resolve dual residence conflicts and the importance of the place of effective management. Furthermore, we delve into the loss of tax residence and its legal and tax consequences, with special attention to the “exit tax” regime regulated by Article 19 of Law 27/2014, of November 27, on Corporate Income Tax. Finally, the compatibility of this figure with European Union law is examined, through the case law of the CJEU and the transposition of Directive (EU) 2016/1164. All of this is contextualized in a globalized economic environment, where determining tax residence becomes especially relevant to avoid double taxation and ensure legal certainty for the taxpayer.
Direction
Villaverde Gómez, María Begoña (Tutorships)
Villaverde Gómez, María Begoña (Tutorships)
Court
Villaverde Gómez, María Begoña (Student’s tutor)
Villaverde Gómez, María Begoña (Student’s tutor)
Exoneration of innocents through innovation at analysis of DNA evidences
Authorship
C.R.L.
Bachelor of Criminology
C.R.L.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
07.01.2025 18:00
07.01.2025 18:00
Summary
This work focused on real cases in which DNA evidence served to prove the innocence of persons who had been wrongfully imprisoned, specifically for crimes of homicide and/or sexual assault. It was conducted through a legal and scientific literature review, with particular attention to the different advances in the integration of this technique with the justice system. In addition, it presents a comprehensive analysis of the technical foundations of DNA, describing its structural elements and the main methods used in forensic genetics. The study concludes that the incorporation of genetics into the judicial field has represented a major advancement in the quality, reliability, and development of both investigations and the subsequent prosecution process. It has contributed not only to clarifying cases but also to correcting errors that have persisted throughout history. This work highlights the ongoing need to develop of this emerging technology, with DNA serving as a tool to ensure due process and strengthen public trust in the justice system.
This work focused on real cases in which DNA evidence served to prove the innocence of persons who had been wrongfully imprisoned, specifically for crimes of homicide and/or sexual assault. It was conducted through a legal and scientific literature review, with particular attention to the different advances in the integration of this technique with the justice system. In addition, it presents a comprehensive analysis of the technical foundations of DNA, describing its structural elements and the main methods used in forensic genetics. The study concludes that the incorporation of genetics into the judicial field has represented a major advancement in the quality, reliability, and development of both investigations and the subsequent prosecution process. It has contributed not only to clarifying cases but also to correcting errors that have persisted throughout history. This work highlights the ongoing need to develop of this emerging technology, with DNA serving as a tool to ensure due process and strengthen public trust in the justice system.
Direction
SALAS ELLACURIAGA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
SALAS ELLACURIAGA, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
SALAS ELLACURIAGA, ANTONIO (Student’s tutor)
SALAS ELLACURIAGA, ANTONIO (Student’s tutor)
Prenuptial agreements in anticipation of breakdown in Spanish law
Authorship
M.R.S.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.R.S.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
07.01.2025 11:00
07.01.2025 11:00
Summary
The progressive contractualization of family relationships over the last 50 years has led future spouses, spouses and even cohabitants more uxorio, prior to or during marriage, as well as before or during their de facto cohabitation, respectively, to enter into agreements in order to regulate the personal and patrimonial consequences of a possible and future breakup. Such agreements are popularly known as «prenuptial agreements in anticipation of breakdown», although they are also called, more broadly, «pre-breakdown agreements», «pacts in anticipation of family breakdown» or «family pacts in anticipation of breakdown». The detailed regulation of these agreements contained in some regional legal systems - particularly, in the Catalan civil law - contrasts with the absence of regulation of these agreements by the Civil Code, in which they are only granted validity by jurisprudence, provided that they comply with the general limits imposed on the autonomy of the will by art. 1255 of the same Code. Thus, based on the jurisprudential and scientific doctrine that has been adopted so far, this Final Degree Project aims to systematize the legal regime applicable in Spanish common law to prenuptial agreements in anticipation of breakdown, without forgetting, on the one hand, the solutions to the main controversies raised on this figure by the regional civil rights - some of which, de lege ferenda, could be incorporated into the Civil Code - and, on the other hand, the peculiar situation of unmarried couples, on the rise, as well as the agreements analysed here, in recent years in our country.
The progressive contractualization of family relationships over the last 50 years has led future spouses, spouses and even cohabitants more uxorio, prior to or during marriage, as well as before or during their de facto cohabitation, respectively, to enter into agreements in order to regulate the personal and patrimonial consequences of a possible and future breakup. Such agreements are popularly known as «prenuptial agreements in anticipation of breakdown», although they are also called, more broadly, «pre-breakdown agreements», «pacts in anticipation of family breakdown» or «family pacts in anticipation of breakdown». The detailed regulation of these agreements contained in some regional legal systems - particularly, in the Catalan civil law - contrasts with the absence of regulation of these agreements by the Civil Code, in which they are only granted validity by jurisprudence, provided that they comply with the general limits imposed on the autonomy of the will by art. 1255 of the same Code. Thus, based on the jurisprudential and scientific doctrine that has been adopted so far, this Final Degree Project aims to systematize the legal regime applicable in Spanish common law to prenuptial agreements in anticipation of breakdown, without forgetting, on the one hand, the solutions to the main controversies raised on this figure by the regional civil rights - some of which, de lege ferenda, could be incorporated into the Civil Code - and, on the other hand, the peculiar situation of unmarried couples, on the rise, as well as the agreements analysed here, in recent years in our country.
Direction
Herrero Oviedo, Margarita Cristina (Tutorships)
Herrero Oviedo, Margarita Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
GARCIA RUBIO, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
LETE ACHIRICA, JAVIER (Secretary)
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Member)
GARCIA RUBIO, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
LETE ACHIRICA, JAVIER (Secretary)
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Member)
Money laundering 4.0: new digital boundaries.
Authorship
A.R.S.
Bachelor of Criminology
A.R.S.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
06.26.2025 11:00
06.26.2025 11:00
Summary
Among the illicit activities with the greatest global impact is money laundering, which has been influenced -like many other crimes- by advances in new technologies. This digital transformation has subjected the financial sector to the strictest regulatory compliance in the fight against money laundering (AML), under the aegis of some institutions that have been focusing on the prevention of a problem with unchecked growth for decades. These efforts address not only the phenomenon itself but also its multiple digital manifestations, ranging from the almost primitive prepaid cards to the most novel crypto-assets, both of which share a common feature that makes them so valuable for using in this criminal sphere: their capacity for interconnectivity by the rise of globalization.
Among the illicit activities with the greatest global impact is money laundering, which has been influenced -like many other crimes- by advances in new technologies. This digital transformation has subjected the financial sector to the strictest regulatory compliance in the fight against money laundering (AML), under the aegis of some institutions that have been focusing on the prevention of a problem with unchecked growth for decades. These efforts address not only the phenomenon itself but also its multiple digital manifestations, ranging from the almost primitive prepaid cards to the most novel crypto-assets, both of which share a common feature that makes them so valuable for using in this criminal sphere: their capacity for interconnectivity by the rise of globalization.
Direction
ABEL SOUTO, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
ABEL SOUTO, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Court
ABEL SOUTO, MIGUEL (Student’s tutor)
ABEL SOUTO, MIGUEL (Student’s tutor)
Refusal to deal as an abuse of dominant position
Authorship
M.S.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.S.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 13:30
06.26.2025 13:30
Summary
This paper analyzes refusal to deal as a form of abuse of dominant position prohibited under Article 102 of the TFEU. Although companies are generally free to choose their trading partners, this freedom may be limited when they hold a dominant position in the market. In certain cases, refusing to supply goods or services may be considered an exclusionary practice, provided that the input is indispensable, the refusal eliminates competition, the development of the market is hindered (in the case of intellectual property rights), and there is no objective justification. Three categories of refusal to deal are examined: refusal to supply competitors, denial of access to essential infrastructure, and refusal to license intellectual property rights. The paper explores the development of European Union case law through landmark rulings such as Commercial Solvents, Bronner, Magill, IMS Health and Microsoft, identifying the elements that characterize refusal to deal as an unlawful practice, and distinguishing it from emerging concepts such as the so-called access restrictions
This paper analyzes refusal to deal as a form of abuse of dominant position prohibited under Article 102 of the TFEU. Although companies are generally free to choose their trading partners, this freedom may be limited when they hold a dominant position in the market. In certain cases, refusing to supply goods or services may be considered an exclusionary practice, provided that the input is indispensable, the refusal eliminates competition, the development of the market is hindered (in the case of intellectual property rights), and there is no objective justification. Three categories of refusal to deal are examined: refusal to supply competitors, denial of access to essential infrastructure, and refusal to license intellectual property rights. The paper explores the development of European Union case law through landmark rulings such as Commercial Solvents, Bronner, Magill, IMS Health and Microsoft, identifying the elements that characterize refusal to deal as an unlawful practice, and distinguishing it from emerging concepts such as the so-called access restrictions
Direction
FRAMIÑAN SANTAS, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
FRAMIÑAN SANTAS, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
FRAMIÑAN SANTAS, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Student’s tutor)
FRAMIÑAN SANTAS, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Student’s tutor)
Forensic assessment of malingered psychological damage from rape using the PAI
Authorship
L.S.F.
Bachelor of Criminology
L.S.F.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
07.08.2025 11:30
07.08.2025 11:30
Summary
Sexual violence, particularly rape, is one of the most severe crimes due to its devastating impact on victims. Its criminological and psychological study is key to protect victims and detect possible feigning that may undermine the reliability of the system. The aim of this empirical study was to assess the usefulness of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in the forensic evaluation of psychological harm resulting from rape. A simulation design was employed in which 50 women completed the PAI under two different conditions: malingering and honest responding. In the malingering condition, participants were instructed to respond as if they were simulating psychological harm resulting from rape, whereas in the reality condition, they were asked to respond truthfully. Analysis of the responses revealed that participants were capable of feigning symptoms they did not experience and attributing them to rape. Moreover, they were able to portray symptoms typically associated with the psychological impact of this form of sexual violence (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety). To achieve this, participants employed two primary feigning strategies: the indiscriminant symptom endorsement and symptom severity. However, the PAI validity scales (IMN, SIM, FDR) displayed low sensitivity in detecting malingerers. Consequently, in professional practice, when using the PAI in this type of evaluation, it should always be integrated within a multi-method and multi-measure assessment protocol. Future research should continue to explore the sensitivity of the PAI for detecting malingering and incorporate the study of its specificity as well.
Sexual violence, particularly rape, is one of the most severe crimes due to its devastating impact on victims. Its criminological and psychological study is key to protect victims and detect possible feigning that may undermine the reliability of the system. The aim of this empirical study was to assess the usefulness of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) in the forensic evaluation of psychological harm resulting from rape. A simulation design was employed in which 50 women completed the PAI under two different conditions: malingering and honest responding. In the malingering condition, participants were instructed to respond as if they were simulating psychological harm resulting from rape, whereas in the reality condition, they were asked to respond truthfully. Analysis of the responses revealed that participants were capable of feigning symptoms they did not experience and attributing them to rape. Moreover, they were able to portray symptoms typically associated with the psychological impact of this form of sexual violence (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety). To achieve this, participants employed two primary feigning strategies: the indiscriminant symptom endorsement and symptom severity. However, the PAI validity scales (IMN, SIM, FDR) displayed low sensitivity in detecting malingerers. Consequently, in professional practice, when using the PAI in this type of evaluation, it should always be integrated within a multi-method and multi-measure assessment protocol. Future research should continue to explore the sensitivity of the PAI for detecting malingering and incorporate the study of its specificity as well.
Direction
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
VILARIÑO VAZQUEZ, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Chairman)
Seijo Martínez, María Dolores (Secretary)
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Member)
Sobral Fernández, Jorge (Chairman)
Seijo Martínez, María Dolores (Secretary)
Novo Pérez, Mercedes (Member)
Unfair advantage as an instrument of protection for the disabled contractor in the Spanish Civil Code
Authorship
M.S.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.S.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
07.01.2025 11:30
07.01.2025 11:30
Summary
This paper analyzes the changes introduced in the area of Contract Law by Law 8/2021, of June 2, which reforms the civil and procedural legislation to support persons with disabilities in the exercise of their legal capacity, with the aim of adapting the spanish legal system to the postulates of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities of December 13, 2006. The work is structured in three parts: first, an introductory part dealing with the contract and its elements, focusing on consent and the protection of the weaker contracting party. Secondly, a study on the new treatment of persons with disabilities at both national and international level, culminating with an analysis of Law 8/2021. Finally, the last sections are dedicated to the study of the regulation of unfair advantage in the Spanish Civil Code, through a detailed comparison with other European instruments that also provide for its regulation.
This paper analyzes the changes introduced in the area of Contract Law by Law 8/2021, of June 2, which reforms the civil and procedural legislation to support persons with disabilities in the exercise of their legal capacity, with the aim of adapting the spanish legal system to the postulates of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities of December 13, 2006. The work is structured in three parts: first, an introductory part dealing with the contract and its elements, focusing on consent and the protection of the weaker contracting party. Secondly, a study on the new treatment of persons with disabilities at both national and international level, culminating with an analysis of Law 8/2021. Finally, the last sections are dedicated to the study of the regulation of unfair advantage in the Spanish Civil Code, through a detailed comparison with other European instruments that also provide for its regulation.
Direction
Herrero Oviedo, Margarita Cristina (Tutorships)
Herrero Oviedo, Margarita Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
GARCIA RUBIO, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
LETE ACHIRICA, JAVIER (Secretary)
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Member)
GARCIA RUBIO, MARIA PAZ (Chairman)
LETE ACHIRICA, JAVIER (Secretary)
ESPIN ALBA, ISABEL (Member)
Social media postings as evidence in criminal procedures.
Authorship
A.S.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
A.S.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 18:30
06.26.2025 18:30
Summary
Digital platforms have become a space where users share personal information, opinions and even evidence of possible criminal offences. In this context, the need arises to examine the validity and limits of the use of these publications in the judicial sphere. This paper examines the legal framework governing the admissibility of digital evidence, with a particular focus on fundamental rights. It examines the criteria used by the courts to assess the authenticity and reliability of this type of evidence, as well as the conflicts that may arise between the fundamental rights of the accused and the interest in the prosecution of the crime. Furthermore, the difficulties that arise when considering the authenticity and integrity of such evidence, due to its easy manipulation and falsification, are analysed. In this context, a revision of the Criminal Procedure Law which reformed in 2015, is elaborated, which established a more precise framework for technological research. This work focuses on publications on social networks as judicial evidence and within these, messages through private messaging applications (such as emails or Whatsapp) or publications on public or semi-public platforms (such as Instagram, X or Facebook) are analysed. The study highlights the need to strike a balance between the effectiveness of justice and respect for fundamental rights, and to update legislation to adapt to the challenges presented by new technologies in criminal proceedings.
Digital platforms have become a space where users share personal information, opinions and even evidence of possible criminal offences. In this context, the need arises to examine the validity and limits of the use of these publications in the judicial sphere. This paper examines the legal framework governing the admissibility of digital evidence, with a particular focus on fundamental rights. It examines the criteria used by the courts to assess the authenticity and reliability of this type of evidence, as well as the conflicts that may arise between the fundamental rights of the accused and the interest in the prosecution of the crime. Furthermore, the difficulties that arise when considering the authenticity and integrity of such evidence, due to its easy manipulation and falsification, are analysed. In this context, a revision of the Criminal Procedure Law which reformed in 2015, is elaborated, which established a more precise framework for technological research. This work focuses on publications on social networks as judicial evidence and within these, messages through private messaging applications (such as emails or Whatsapp) or publications on public or semi-public platforms (such as Instagram, X or Facebook) are analysed. The study highlights the need to strike a balance between the effectiveness of justice and respect for fundamental rights, and to update legislation to adapt to the challenges presented by new technologies in criminal proceedings.
Direction
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
The Incoterms
Authorship
M.S.B.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.S.B.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 11:00
06.26.2025 11:00
Summary
The Incoterms, also known as Internacional Commercial Terms, are a bunch of rules of Private International Law developed by the International Chamber of Commerce. These terms are not mandatory and must be incorporated by the contracting parties in the contract to be applicable. These terms aim to facilitate the international sale of goods, although they are also used in national sales. In order to successfully fulfill this function, they are updated more or less frequently by the International Chamber of Commerce establishing since the Incoterms 1980 that these modifications will take place every ten years, thus bringing the regulation of the current Incoterms, that of 2020. Throughout this final degree project, the historical evolution of Incoterms will be studied. as well as the various ways of classifying them, finally, an individual study of each of the terms provided by the Incoterms 2020.
The Incoterms, also known as Internacional Commercial Terms, are a bunch of rules of Private International Law developed by the International Chamber of Commerce. These terms are not mandatory and must be incorporated by the contracting parties in the contract to be applicable. These terms aim to facilitate the international sale of goods, although they are also used in national sales. In order to successfully fulfill this function, they are updated more or less frequently by the International Chamber of Commerce establishing since the Incoterms 1980 that these modifications will take place every ten years, thus bringing the regulation of the current Incoterms, that of 2020. Throughout this final degree project, the historical evolution of Incoterms will be studied. as well as the various ways of classifying them, finally, an individual study of each of the terms provided by the Incoterms 2020.
Direction
Fernández-Albor Baltar, Ángel (Tutorships)
Fernández-Albor Baltar, Ángel (Tutorships)
Court
Fernández-Albor Baltar, Ángel (Student’s tutor)
Fernández-Albor Baltar, Ángel (Student’s tutor)
Operations of Mergers and Acquisitions
Authorship
R.S.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
R.S.C.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 10:30
06.26.2025 10:30
Summary
This paper presents an analysis of mergers and acquisitions and operations, covering all key areas and aspects of these types of processes. The approach of this study is carried out from a legal perspective, without prejudice to the necessary economic perspective required to encompass all the variables of these corporate transactions. The exploitation of synergies, value creation, the execution of the corresponding Due Diligence in its various areas, as well as the multiple possible modalities when implementing this business growth strategy, are theoretical foundations that are developed throughout this paper, with the aim of providing a broad view of these operations while synthesizing the abstract concepts that arise in this field. Furthermore, the need for appropriate and timely planning in relation to the potential contingencies derived from this type of corporate operation is emphasized, since they are not exempt from problems and risks. Finally, it is worth noting that this complex process consists of three clear phases which, unlike other types of operations, includes not only the contractual phase and its main clauses, but also the relevance of both the pre-contractual and post-contractual phases. This paper consists of 15,173 words.
This paper presents an analysis of mergers and acquisitions and operations, covering all key areas and aspects of these types of processes. The approach of this study is carried out from a legal perspective, without prejudice to the necessary economic perspective required to encompass all the variables of these corporate transactions. The exploitation of synergies, value creation, the execution of the corresponding Due Diligence in its various areas, as well as the multiple possible modalities when implementing this business growth strategy, are theoretical foundations that are developed throughout this paper, with the aim of providing a broad view of these operations while synthesizing the abstract concepts that arise in this field. Furthermore, the need for appropriate and timely planning in relation to the potential contingencies derived from this type of corporate operation is emphasized, since they are not exempt from problems and risks. Finally, it is worth noting that this complex process consists of three clear phases which, unlike other types of operations, includes not only the contractual phase and its main clauses, but also the relevance of both the pre-contractual and post-contractual phases. This paper consists of 15,173 words.
Direction
Fernández-Albor Baltar, Ángel (Tutorships)
Fernández-Albor Baltar, Ángel (Tutorships)
Court
Fernández-Albor Baltar, Ángel (Student’s tutor)
Fernández-Albor Baltar, Ángel (Student’s tutor)
The liability of public administrations in the operation of public services: special mention to Local Entities.
Authorship
F.S.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
F.S.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
07.01.2025 13:00
07.01.2025 13:00
Summary
This paper focuses on the analysis of the liability of the Public Administrations for the operation of public services with special mention to the local entities. Throughout the development of the epigraph, a study is made of the different elements characterizing the institution of the patrimonial liability: its unitary, direct and objective nature. Likewise, the legal basis of the patrimonial liability is the object of analysis, with particular attention to the one established both in the Spanish Constitution and the development of the common legislation of Law 39/2015, of October 1, of the Common Administrative Procedure of the Public Administrations and Law 40/2015, of October 1, of the Legal Regime of the Public Sector. It deals with the various requirements of financial liability: the actual damage, economically assessable and individualized, causal relationship, existence of unlawfulness and force majeure as a cause for exoneration from liability. In addition, there is an outstanding treatment on the liability of local administrations for damages caused on public roads, including in its examination the advisory doctrine followed in our legal system. Finally, it is worth mentioning that the work focuses on the investigation of the administrative procedure of claim of patrimonial liability, distinguishing the different types of claims. In short, the purpose of this paper is to deepen the study of an institution that protects the rights of individuals and that gives practical effect to the constitutional mandates of compliance with the value of justice and equality of Spaniards before the law.
This paper focuses on the analysis of the liability of the Public Administrations for the operation of public services with special mention to the local entities. Throughout the development of the epigraph, a study is made of the different elements characterizing the institution of the patrimonial liability: its unitary, direct and objective nature. Likewise, the legal basis of the patrimonial liability is the object of analysis, with particular attention to the one established both in the Spanish Constitution and the development of the common legislation of Law 39/2015, of October 1, of the Common Administrative Procedure of the Public Administrations and Law 40/2015, of October 1, of the Legal Regime of the Public Sector. It deals with the various requirements of financial liability: the actual damage, economically assessable and individualized, causal relationship, existence of unlawfulness and force majeure as a cause for exoneration from liability. In addition, there is an outstanding treatment on the liability of local administrations for damages caused on public roads, including in its examination the advisory doctrine followed in our legal system. Finally, it is worth mentioning that the work focuses on the investigation of the administrative procedure of claim of patrimonial liability, distinguishing the different types of claims. In short, the purpose of this paper is to deepen the study of an institution that protects the rights of individuals and that gives practical effect to the constitutional mandates of compliance with the value of justice and equality of Spaniards before the law.
Direction
VILLANUEVA TURNES, ALEJANDRO (Tutorships)
VILLANUEVA TURNES, ALEJANDRO (Tutorships)
Court
SANJURJO RIVO, VICENTE ANTONIO (Chairman)
ARENAS MEZA, MIGUEL ENRIQUE (Secretary)
Santiago Iglesias, Diana (Member)
SANJURJO RIVO, VICENTE ANTONIO (Chairman)
ARENAS MEZA, MIGUEL ENRIQUE (Secretary)
Santiago Iglesias, Diana (Member)
Migratory phenomenon. Legal proposals in the framework of constitutional law and international society
Authorship
X.S.L.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
X.S.L.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
02.18.2025 12:00
02.18.2025 12:00
Summary
The purpose of this work is to approach and retrospect previous migratory movements, the measures adopted to alleviate this event and socio-legal and security solutions in the context of the twenty first century. We provide legal justifications within the framework of International and State Law to support not only from the theoretical but also from the epistemological perspective.
The purpose of this work is to approach and retrospect previous migratory movements, the measures adopted to alleviate this event and socio-legal and security solutions in the context of the twenty first century. We provide legal justifications within the framework of International and State Law to support not only from the theoretical but also from the epistemological perspective.
Direction
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, JOSE JULIO (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, JOSE JULIO (Tutorships)
Court
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, JOSE JULIO (Student’s tutor)
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, JOSE JULIO (Student’s tutor)
Contracts and banking transactions in Rome
Authorship
T.S.V.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
T.S.V.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
02.19.2025 17:00
02.19.2025 17:00
Summary
This paper analyzes the bankers' role and their involvement in contracts and banking transactions in ancient Rome. It examines the characteristics and requirements that bankers must meet and the role they play in various banking activities. Similarly, an analysis is conducted on using accounting books, as essential tools, for recording the various banking activities, as well as the role that trust plays in the relationships between the banker and his/her client. In addition, it addresses the issue of bankers' obligations and the potential liability arising from these relationships. The most common banking contracts and transactions are also briefly analyzed: the mutuum, the constitutum, and the receptum argentarii. Special attention is given to the deposit contract in its various forms, as well as to the auction. This analysis provides an opportunity to reflect on how the banking practices of ancient Rome laid the foundations for financial principles that still govern modern banking institutions today, highlighting the continued relevance of concepts such as trust and transparency.
This paper analyzes the bankers' role and their involvement in contracts and banking transactions in ancient Rome. It examines the characteristics and requirements that bankers must meet and the role they play in various banking activities. Similarly, an analysis is conducted on using accounting books, as essential tools, for recording the various banking activities, as well as the role that trust plays in the relationships between the banker and his/her client. In addition, it addresses the issue of bankers' obligations and the potential liability arising from these relationships. The most common banking contracts and transactions are also briefly analyzed: the mutuum, the constitutum, and the receptum argentarii. Special attention is given to the deposit contract in its various forms, as well as to the auction. This analysis provides an opportunity to reflect on how the banking practices of ancient Rome laid the foundations for financial principles that still govern modern banking institutions today, highlighting the continued relevance of concepts such as trust and transparency.
Direction
SIXTO DA SILVA, MARIA ESPERANZA (Tutorships)
SIXTO DA SILVA, MARIA ESPERANZA (Tutorships)
Court
SIXTO DA SILVA, MARIA ESPERANZA (Student’s tutor)
SIXTO DA SILVA, MARIA ESPERANZA (Student’s tutor)
Crime prevention programs in the business field (compliance).
Authorship
A.T.Q.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
A.T.Q.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 11:00
06.26.2025 11:00
Summary
The present work analyzes compliance programs as key instruments to prevent the criminal liability of legal entities, in accordance with article 31 bis of the Spanish Penal Code. The legal framework for such responsibility is analyzed, including the legal requirements that this programs must meet to be considered effective, and the jurisprudential criteria that determine their exempting or mitigating value. Special attention is given to the figure of the Compliance Officer, as well as their functions and responsibilities. Finally, internal reporting channels and internal investigations, essential mechanisms for detecting and preventing irregular conduct within the company, are studied.
The present work analyzes compliance programs as key instruments to prevent the criminal liability of legal entities, in accordance with article 31 bis of the Spanish Penal Code. The legal framework for such responsibility is analyzed, including the legal requirements that this programs must meet to be considered effective, and the jurisprudential criteria that determine their exempting or mitigating value. Special attention is given to the figure of the Compliance Officer, as well as their functions and responsibilities. Finally, internal reporting channels and internal investigations, essential mechanisms for detecting and preventing irregular conduct within the company, are studied.
Direction
Valeije Álvarez, María Inmaculada (Tutorships)
Valeije Álvarez, María Inmaculada (Tutorships)
Court
Valeije Álvarez, María Inmaculada (Student’s tutor)
Valeije Álvarez, María Inmaculada (Student’s tutor)
The election of the members of the General Council of the Judiciary: a crisis in judicial independence
Authorship
L.T.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
L.T.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.27.2025 13:00
06.27.2025 13:00
Summary
This paper analyses the system for electing the members of the General Council of the Judiciary, with special attention to its regulatory evolution and the current debate surrounding its politicisation. In view of the repeated failure to comply with the legal deadlines for the renewal of the body (especially evident in the most recent institutional deadlock, which lasted for more than five years) this analysis examines the origin of the system established in the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and its subsequent development through various legislative reforms. It deals in detail with the election of both judicial and non-judicial members in the different organic laws that have regulated the General Council of the Judiciary (1980, 1985, 2001, 2013, 2018 and 2024), analysing the changes introduced, the doctrinal criticisms and the decisions of the Constitutional Court. The conflict between two models of appointment is also discussed: the parliamentary model, which defends the election of all members by the Parliament; and the judicial model, which proposes that the twelve members of judicial origin should be elected directly by Judges and Magistrates. The study includes an analysis of the reform proposals submitted by the main political parties, the official position adopted by the General Council of the Judiciary itself and the recommendations issued by the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) of the Council of Europe, thus providing a comparative perspective and aligned with international standards. Finally, the paper proposes several measures to reinforce the Council’s independence and promote a self-governing model that ensures its institutional neutrality.
This paper analyses the system for electing the members of the General Council of the Judiciary, with special attention to its regulatory evolution and the current debate surrounding its politicisation. In view of the repeated failure to comply with the legal deadlines for the renewal of the body (especially evident in the most recent institutional deadlock, which lasted for more than five years) this analysis examines the origin of the system established in the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and its subsequent development through various legislative reforms. It deals in detail with the election of both judicial and non-judicial members in the different organic laws that have regulated the General Council of the Judiciary (1980, 1985, 2001, 2013, 2018 and 2024), analysing the changes introduced, the doctrinal criticisms and the decisions of the Constitutional Court. The conflict between two models of appointment is also discussed: the parliamentary model, which defends the election of all members by the Parliament; and the judicial model, which proposes that the twelve members of judicial origin should be elected directly by Judges and Magistrates. The study includes an analysis of the reform proposals submitted by the main political parties, the official position adopted by the General Council of the Judiciary itself and the recommendations issued by the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) of the Council of Europe, thus providing a comparative perspective and aligned with international standards. Finally, the paper proposes several measures to reinforce the Council’s independence and promote a self-governing model that ensures its institutional neutrality.
Direction
CATALINA BENAVENTE, MARIA DE LOS ANGELES (Tutorships)
CATALINA BENAVENTE, MARIA DE LOS ANGELES (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ ALVAREZ, ANA (Chairman)
VALIÑO CES, ALMUDENA (Secretary)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Member)
RODRIGUEZ ALVAREZ, ANA (Chairman)
VALIÑO CES, ALMUDENA (Secretary)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Member)
DNA in criminal proceedings
Authorship
A.U.R.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
A.U.R.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 17:00
06.26.2025 17:00
Summary
This paper examines the use of DNA in criminal proceedings; with particular attention to the Spanish legal framework, it explores the tense relationship between the administration of justice and privacy, while also analysing the legal limits surrounding the collection, storage, and assessment of DNA evidence in criminal cases. It delves into the concise nature of the legislation governing DNA-related matters, which has left it largely to the courts to define the rights and obligations of the individuals involved. The paper further addresses various open legal debates surrounding DNA evidence, such as its storage in databases and its relationship with fundamental rights. This work argues that DNA evidence should serve as an ally to the judge in the pursuit of justice, and never as an instrument of control. Science progresses, as does the law, but both must evolve in parallel, ensuring that the search for procedural truth does not, under any circumstances, override the rights of individuals.
This paper examines the use of DNA in criminal proceedings; with particular attention to the Spanish legal framework, it explores the tense relationship between the administration of justice and privacy, while also analysing the legal limits surrounding the collection, storage, and assessment of DNA evidence in criminal cases. It delves into the concise nature of the legislation governing DNA-related matters, which has left it largely to the courts to define the rights and obligations of the individuals involved. The paper further addresses various open legal debates surrounding DNA evidence, such as its storage in databases and its relationship with fundamental rights. This work argues that DNA evidence should serve as an ally to the judge in the pursuit of justice, and never as an instrument of control. Science progresses, as does the law, but both must evolve in parallel, ensuring that the search for procedural truth does not, under any circumstances, override the rights of individuals.
Direction
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Tutorships)
Court
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Alonso Salgado, Cristina (Student’s tutor)
Popular action
Authorship
S.V.D.B.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
S.V.D.B.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.26.2025 12:00
06.26.2025 12:00
Summary
Popular action is an institution that allows any Spanish citizen to intervene in a criminal proceeding as a accusing party, even if they have not been harmed or offended by the crime. It is regulated in Article 125 of the Constitution, which recognizes it as a means for citizens to participate in the administration of justice, as well as in Articles 101 and 270 of the Criminal Procedure Law. Popular action aims to guarantee adequate judicial protection of the legal rights protected by the law. However, case law has been responsible for modulating its regime, establishing objective, subjective, and temporal limits beyond the formal requirements established in the LECrim (Common Law of Criminal Procedure). This work addresses the exercise of public action through a necessary historical background, the legal and jurisprudential limits to which its intervention in the process is subject, as well as the latest attempts at reform and, of course, the bill presented in January of this year, 2025.
Popular action is an institution that allows any Spanish citizen to intervene in a criminal proceeding as a accusing party, even if they have not been harmed or offended by the crime. It is regulated in Article 125 of the Constitution, which recognizes it as a means for citizens to participate in the administration of justice, as well as in Articles 101 and 270 of the Criminal Procedure Law. Popular action aims to guarantee adequate judicial protection of the legal rights protected by the law. However, case law has been responsible for modulating its regime, establishing objective, subjective, and temporal limits beyond the formal requirements established in the LECrim (Common Law of Criminal Procedure). This work addresses the exercise of public action through a necessary historical background, the legal and jurisprudential limits to which its intervention in the process is subject, as well as the latest attempts at reform and, of course, the bill presented in January of this year, 2025.
Direction
Varela Gomez, Bernardino (Tutorships)
Varela Gomez, Bernardino (Tutorships)
Court
Varela Gomez, Bernardino (Student’s tutor)
Varela Gomez, Bernardino (Student’s tutor)
Analysis of citizen security in the current constitutional system.
Authorship
A.V.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
A.V.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
06.30.2025 10:00
06.30.2025 10:00
Summary
The objective of this work is to analyze Spanish legislation regarding public safety, examining the competencies of the Security Forces and Bodies, their actions, their relationships with the competent authorities, and the sanctions and offenses, to determine whether there is a need to strengthen or soften the existing legislation.
The objective of this work is to analyze Spanish legislation regarding public safety, examining the competencies of the Security Forces and Bodies, their actions, their relationships with the competent authorities, and the sanctions and offenses, to determine whether there is a need to strengthen or soften the existing legislation.
Direction
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, JOSE JULIO (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, JOSE JULIO (Tutorships)
Court
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, JOSE JULIO (Student’s tutor)
FERNANDEZ RODRIGUEZ, JOSE JULIO (Student’s tutor)
Historical evolution and current regulation of the Local Police, with special mention to the Local Police of Galicia
Authorship
A.V.P.
Bachelor of Criminology
A.V.P.
Bachelor of Criminology
Defense date
02.17.2025 10:00
02.17.2025 10:00
Summary
The purpuse of this work lies in the need to explore the historical evolution of the Police as a security force in Spain, from the nineteenth century to the present day, as well as to examine its current regulation with a particular focus on the case of Galicia. The aim is to analyse and the differentiate stages that this institution has gone through over time, talking into account the political, social and dynastic changes that have been marking the history of our country, as well as the development and configuration of the Police.
The purpuse of this work lies in the need to explore the historical evolution of the Police as a security force in Spain, from the nineteenth century to the present day, as well as to examine its current regulation with a particular focus on the case of Galicia. The aim is to analyse and the differentiate stages that this institution has gone through over time, talking into account the political, social and dynastic changes that have been marking the history of our country, as well as the development and configuration of the Police.
Direction
Miguez Macho, Luis (Tutorships)
Miguez Macho, Luis (Tutorships)
Court
Miguez Macho, Luis (Student’s tutor)
Miguez Macho, Luis (Student’s tutor)
Determinants of Specialty Choice in the MIR System
Authorship
M.Z.N.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
M.Z.N.
Bachelor's Degree in Law
Defense date
02.19.2025 12:15
02.19.2025 12:15
Summary
This Final Degree Project analyzes the key factors influencing the choice of medical specialty within the MIR training system in Spain. Through the study of residency placement data from 2020 to 2023, this research identifies significant trends reflecting the impact of academic, vocational, and structural aspects on the decision-making process of medical graduates. The study examines the most and least demanded specialties, the gender distribution in specialty selection, the influence of geographic location on residency choice, and the effect of incentive policies on the allocation of critical areas such as Family and Community Medicine. The analysis is based on a quantitative methodology, utilizing tools like Excel and PowerBI for data visualization. The findings reveal that highly competitive specialties, such as Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, consistently receive early placement due to their prestige and favorable working conditions. In contrast, specialties with higher workloads and lower social recognition, such as Family Medicine, experience lower demand despite an increase in available positions. Additionally, the study highlights a persistent gender-based differentiation in specialty selection and a strong correlation between hospital prestige and candidates' preferences. The conclusions of this research emphasize the need to implement strategies that balance the distribution of specialists within the healthcare system, promoting adequate incentives for less demanded specialties and ensuring efficient coverage of Spain’s healthcare needs.
This Final Degree Project analyzes the key factors influencing the choice of medical specialty within the MIR training system in Spain. Through the study of residency placement data from 2020 to 2023, this research identifies significant trends reflecting the impact of academic, vocational, and structural aspects on the decision-making process of medical graduates. The study examines the most and least demanded specialties, the gender distribution in specialty selection, the influence of geographic location on residency choice, and the effect of incentive policies on the allocation of critical areas such as Family and Community Medicine. The analysis is based on a quantitative methodology, utilizing tools like Excel and PowerBI for data visualization. The findings reveal that highly competitive specialties, such as Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, consistently receive early placement due to their prestige and favorable working conditions. In contrast, specialties with higher workloads and lower social recognition, such as Family Medicine, experience lower demand despite an increase in available positions. Additionally, the study highlights a persistent gender-based differentiation in specialty selection and a strong correlation between hospital prestige and candidates' preferences. The conclusions of this research emphasize the need to implement strategies that balance the distribution of specialists within the healthcare system, promoting adequate incentives for less demanded specialties and ensuring efficient coverage of Spain’s healthcare needs.
Direction
FERREIRO SEOANE, FRANCISCO JESUS (Tutorships)
FERREIRO SEOANE, FRANCISCO JESUS (Tutorships)
Court
FERREIRO SEOANE, FRANCISCO JESUS (Student’s tutor)
FERREIRO SEOANE, FRANCISCO JESUS (Student’s tutor)