ECTS credits ECTS credits: 6
ECTS Hours Rules/Memories Student's work ECTS: 99 Hours of tutorials: 3 Expository Class: 24 Interactive Classroom: 24 Total: 150
Use languages Spanish, Galician
Type: Ordinary Degree Subject RD 1393/2007 - 822/2021
Departments: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Areas: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Center Faculty of Optics and Optometry
Call: First Semester
Teaching: Sin docencia (Extinguida)
Enrolment: No Matriculable | 1st year (Yes)
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
The general objective of the subject is to study the chemical, molecular and genetic bases of biological processes, especially in relation to the eye. Throughout the program the student must acquire a general vision about the structure of the living matter, catalysis and cellular metabolism as well as the molecular basis of the storage and expression of biological information.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
To know the basic biochemical processes involved in the visual system.
Understand the biochemical bases of alterations of the visual system.
Provide basic knowledge to better understand other subjects.
Some units are treated transversally.
Biomolecules: chemical and structural characteristics. Water and body fluids. Clinical biochemistry of eye fluids. Amino acids: properties. Proteins: structure, classification, functions and importance in the compartments of the eye. Enzymes and coenzymes: concept, classification and clinical importance. Carbohydrates: characteristics, properties and functions in the different compartments of the eye. Diabetes and galactosemia. Lipids: characteristics, properties and functions. Vitamins and vision. Main metabolic routes. Nucleic acids: characteristics, properties and functions. Biochemical changes in crystalline, cornea and retina. Ocular neurochemistry. Ocular immunochemistry.
Theory Program
INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Ocular Biochemistry. Biomolecules: chemical and structural characteristics. Biochemical reactions
2. THE WATER. Structure and properties of water. Water in living beings. Ionic activity of water. Acids and bases. Regulatory solutions or buffers. Eye fluids. Clinical biochemistry of the eye fluids.
BIOMOLECULES
3. CARBOHYDRATES: Concept and classification. Monosaccharides and monosaccharide derivatives. Disaccharides. Polysaccharides Proteoglycans and glycoproteins.
4. LIPIDS. Fatty acids. Lipids: structural characteristics and classification. Lipoproteins. Major ocular lipids.
5. AMINO ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES. PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS. Amino acids and derivatives: properties. Structural characteristics and functions of nucleotides. Peptide bond and primary structure of proteins. Peptides of biological interest. Folding of proteins and structure-function relationship. Secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures. Alosterism
ENZYMOLOGY
6. ENZYMES. Classification. Mechanism of enzymatic catalysis. Kinetic enzyme. Proteins and enzymes responsible for vision.
7. VITAMINS, MINERALS AND OLIGOELEMENTS. Vitamins: classification and functions. Fat-soluble vitamins. Water-soluble vitamins. Effects of vitamin deficiencies on ocular tissues. Minerals and oligoelements.
8. INHIBITION AND REGULATION of enzymatic activity. Allosteric regulation. Regulation by covalent modification.
INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM
9. INTRODUCTION AND BIOENERGY. Introduction to metabolism. Metabolic routes. Thermodynamic relationships and high energy level compounds.
10. REGULATION OF METABOLISM. Introduction. Transport through the membrane.
11. CELLULAR SIGNALING AND OCULAR NEUROCHEMISTRY. Components: Signals, receivers, transducers and effectors. Mechanisms of signal transduction. Main neurotransmitters of the retina.
12. AEROBIC METABOLISM. Cycle of tricarboxylic acids. Electronic transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibitors of electronic transport and uncoupling agents. Biochemistry of ocular degradation: biochemical changes in crystalline, cornea and retina.
13. METABOLISM OF GLUCIDES. Glicolysis and its regulation. Metabolic destinations of pyruvate and lactic fermentation. Incorporation of other monosaccharides into the glycolytic pathway. Pentose phosphate pathway. Gluconeogenesis and its regulation. Glycogenolysis and glycogen synthesis. Control of glycogen metabolism. Aerobic and anaerobic ocular metabolism.
14. METABOLISM OF LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS. Fatty acid metabolism and its regulation. Saponifiable lipid metabolism and its regulation. Cholesterol metabolism and its regulation. Metabolism of lipoproteins.
15. METABOLISM OF NITROGEN. Degradation of proteins and protein turnover. Common reactions in amino acid metabolism: transamination and oxidative deamination. Metabolism of specific amino acids. Nucleotide metabolism: purines and pyrimidines.
16. COORDINATION OF METABOLISM. Integration of metabolism. Diabetes and retinopathies.
NUCLEIC ACIDS AND GENE EXPRESSION
17. NUCLEIC ACIDS. Structure of nucleic acids and the genome. Replication, repair and recombination of DNA.
18. GENE EXPRESSION. RNA synthesis: transcription. Protein synthesis: translation. Post-translational modifications. Regulation of gene expression.
Laboratory task program
PRACTICE 1: REAGENT HANDLING, BASIC APPLIANCES AND PREPARATION OF SOLUTIONS
PROTOCOL: PREPARATION OF PHOSPHATE BUFFER SOLUTION AT DIFFERENT pHs.
1. Objective
1.1 Practical considerations and preparation of solutions used in experimentation.
1.2 Preparation of a buffer solution.
1.3 Practical considerations and handling of an external calibration precision balance.
1.4 Practical considerations and pipette handling. Automatic, fixed and variable pipettes. Repetitive pipettes
1.5. Practical considerations, calibration and management of a pH meter.
PRACTICE 2: ENZYMOLOGY
PROTOCOL: QUANTIFICATION OF ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY AND DETERMINATION OF THE KINETIC CONSTANTS USING PEROXIDASE, AND THE EFFECT OF THE pH ON THEM.
1. Objective
1.2 Practical considerations and preparation of substrate, enzyme and pH buffers' solutions.
1.3 Determination of the enzymatic activity by measuring the absorbance in the appropriate spectrophotometer.
1.3 Practical considerations and management of a line of calibration or standard line with known and increasing quantities of the product (previously made).
1.4 Graphic design of the results and determination of the kinetic constants.
1.5. Effect of pH and its graphic representation.
+SEMINARS
+ENTREPRENEURAL SKILLS
• Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L. & Stryer L., 2015. Bioquímica con aplicaciones clínicas. 7ª ed. Barcelona: Reverté.
• Rodwell, V.W., Bender, D.A., Botham, K.M., Kennelly, P.J. y Weil, P.A., 2018. Harper Bioquímica ilustrada. [en liña] 31ª ed. México: McGraw-Hill/Interamericana. Dispoñible en: https://accessmedicina-mhmedical-com.ezbusc.usc.gal/Book.aspx?bookid=27…
• Nelson, D.L. & Cox, M.M., 2018. Lehninger Principios de Bioquímica. 7ª ed. Barcelona: Omega.
• McKee, T., y McKee, J.R., 2014. Bioquímica. Las bases moleculares de la vida.[en liña] 5ª ed. México: McGraw-Hill/Interamericana. Dispoñible en: https://accessmedicina-mhmedicalcom.ezbusc.usc.gal/Book.aspx?bookid=1960
• Battaner Arias, E., 2013. Biomoléculas: una introducción estructural a la bioquímica. [en liña] Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. Dispoñible en: https://prelo.usc.es/Record/Xebook1-134
• Battaner Arias, E., 2014. Compendio de enzimología. [en liña] Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. Dispoñible en: https://prelo.usc.es/Record/Xebook1-1
• Blas Pastor, J. R. (2013). “BqTEST : 1000 preguntas tipo test de bioquímica para universitarios”. Lulu.com,
• Whikehart, D. R. (2011, 3ª ed). “Biochemistry of the eye”. Ed Elsevier Inc. Philadelphia.
WEB PAGE:
- http://www.sebbm.es/BioROM/indices/index.html
- http://biomodel.uah.es. Sitio web Universidad Alcalá de Henares
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/ (The National Center for Biotechnology Information, (NCBI) fonte principal de bases de datos (nucleótidos,
xenes e xenomas, e ferramentas bioinformáticas.
BASIC AND GENERAL
CB1 - That students have demonstrated to possess and understand knowledge in an area of study that starts from the base of general secondary education, and is usually found at a level that, although supported by advanced textbooks, also includes some aspects which imply knowledge coming from the forefront of their field of study
CB2 - That students know how to apply their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional manner and have the skills that are usually demonstrated through the elaboration and defense of arguments and the resolution of problems within their area of study
CB3 - That students have the ability to gather and interpret relevant data (usually within their area of study) to make judgments that include a reflection on relevant issues of a social, scientific or ethical nature-
CB4 - That students can transmit information, ideas, problems and solutions to a specialized and non-specialized public
CB5 - That students have developed those learning skills necessary to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy
CG1 - That the students have the capacity to approach their professional and formative activity from the respect to the deontological code of their profession, which includes, among other more specific the principles of respect and the promotion of the fundamental rights of the people, the equality between people, the principles of universal accessibility and design for all and democratic values and a culture of peace.
TRANSVERSALS
CT1 - That they acquire analysis and synthesis capacity.
CT2 - That they acquire capacity for organization and planning.
CT3 - That they acquire oral and written communication skills in the native language.
CT4 - That they acquire the knowledge of a foreign language.
CT5 - That they acquire computer skills related to the field of study.
CT6 - That they acquire information management capacity.
CT7 - That they acquire the ability to solve problems.
SPECIFIC
CE4 - That the student be able to critically reflect on clinical, scientific, ethical and social issues involved in the professional practice of Optometry, understanding the scientific foundations of Optics-Optometry and learning to critically evaluate terminology, clinical trials and research methodology related to Optics-Optometry.
CE5 - That the student be able to issue opinions, reports and expert opinions when necessary.
CE9 - That the student can expand and update their capacities for professional practice through continuous training.
CE11 - That the student knows how to situate the new information and the interpretation of it in its context.
CE12 - That the student can demonstrate the comprehension to the general structure of the Optometry discipline and its connection with specific disciplines and other complementary ones.
CE17 - That they incorporate the ethical and legal principles of the profession into professional practice, respecting the autonomy of the patient, their genetic, demographic, cultural and socioeconomic determinants, integrating social and community aspects in decision-making, applying the principles of justice social in professional practice, in a changing world context.
Expository teaching is conceived in order to enhance the autonomous learning of students. In the theoretical classes, the teacher will explain the most relevant aspects of each topic, helping the students to achieve the objectives of the subject. In this teaching, blackboard, audiovisual media and the this subject Online Course will be used, as well as other means that the teacher considers appropriate to facilitate teaching, such as the Case Method and the work in Skills during the classes.
Seminars will be held on problems related to the theoretical contents of the subject. The teacher will guide the student in the learning process. In this teaching, blackboard, audiovisual media and the this subject Online Course will be used, as well as other means that the teacher considers appropriate to facilitate teaching, for example that students do act interactively.
The students will follow the Practice Script prepared by the teacher to develop the experimental protocols. At the end of the sessions, the students must present the Laboratory Notebook conveniently filled.
In groups, in this tutorial the students will work in Entrepreneurial Skills. Only the final result will be showed in the classroom.
For all teaching scenarios, attendance and homework assignment requirements will be the same as those stated at the beginning of this section.
For activities to be carried out remotely or virtual, the Virtual Classroom and, if possible, MS Teams software will be used.
It is expressly forbidden for students to distribute the teaching material (both written and audiovisual) available on the Virtual Classroom to people outside the course.
Plagiarism and misuse of technologies in performing tasks or tests:
In the event of fraudulent completion of exercises or tests, the provisions of the Regulation will be applied for the evaluation of the academic performance of the students and the revision of the qualifications.
1. General criterion: compulsory activities of non-evaluation, compulsory compulsory activities, evaluation of non-mandatory activities, presentation criteria and exceptions for repeaters.
Attendance at all activities is COMPULSORY and REQUIRED to pass the subject, except for students with official dispensation. There will be a list of signatures and the failures can be justified.
The repeaters must repeat the complete evaluation, except the CONTINUOUS EVALUATION 1 (Practices booklet / Laboratory data and preparation of answers). This mark will be saved for two courses.
2. Specific criteria of the evaluation.
Tool: FINAL EXAM
Realization / Criteria: The exam will have a part of test and another of short questions that will cover all the aspects related to the contents of the subject. To pass it, you must score all the questions in the exam and obtain a minimum mark in the type of test (0.5 / 1.5 points) and in the total (2.5 / 6.5 points).
Weight: Part test (15%) and short questions (50%).
Skills evaluated: CB 1-5 CG 1 CE 4,5,9,11,12,17 CT 1-3,6-7
Tool: CONTINUOUS EVALUATION 1
Realization / Criteria: Practices booklet / Laboratory data and preparation of the answers.
Weight: Up to 5%
This mark will be added to the final mark only if the minimum specified for the exam is achieved.
Skills evaluated: CB 1-5 CG 1 CE 4,5,9,11,12,17 CT 5-7
Tool: CONTINUOUS EVALUATION 2
Realization / Criteria: Work tutoring on entrepreneurship / peer review and by teacher.
Weight: Up to 10%
This mark will be added to the final mark only if the minimum specified for the exam is achieved.
Skills evaluated: CB 1-5 CG 1 CE 4,5,9,11,12,17 CT 1-7
Tool: CONTINUOUS EVALUATION 3
Realization / Criteria: Class attendance and use / List of signatures.
Case method / reviewed by peers and the teacher.
Weight: Assistance up to 5%. Method up to 5%.
This mark will be added to the final mark only if the minimum specified for the exam is achieved.
Skills evaluated: CB 1-5 CG 1 CE 4,5,9,11,12,17 CT 1-3,6-7
Tool: CONTINUOUS EVALUATION 4
Realization / Criteria: Seminars / Autonomous work and face-to-face work, reviewed by peers and the teacher.
Weight: Up to 10%
This mark will be added to the final mark only if the minimum specified for the exam is achieved.
Skills evaluated: CB 1-5 CG 1 CE 4,5,9,11,12,17 CT 1-3,6-7
CLASSWORK Hours
Expository classes 34
Seminars 8
Laboratory 4
Tutorials 3
Exams 1
Total hours 50
STUDENT’S PERSONAL WORK Hours
Group or individual self-study 76
Programming, experimentation, exercises, conclusions or other computer/laboratory work 8
Recommended readings, library activities or similar. 11
Preparation and presentation of oral presentations, debates or similar. 5
Total hours 100
Personal acquisition of the basic knowledge required, in case of not having it.
Assistance to all face-to-face activities related to the teaching of the subject.
Monitoring and periodic reading of texts and other materials recommended by the teacher.
Use of tutorials to resolve the doubts that the student has in relation to the contents taught.
Finally, the student must focus his study on the understanding of the concepts taught and its possible application in the Health Sciences field, never limiting itself to the simple assimilation of information.
In cases of fraudulent performance of exercises or tests, the provisions of the Regulations for the evaluation of student academic performance and review of grades will apply.
Contributions to continuous assessment will be made electronically in all settings.
The direct non-contact communication channels with students in each scenario, in addition to the operational Virtual Classroom available to students and the institutional e-mail, may be virtual sessions through Teams.
Oscar Javier Cordero Santamaria
Coordinador/a- Department
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Area
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Phone
- 881816935
- oscarj.cordero [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Professor
Ester Polo Tobajas
- Department
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Area
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- ester.polo [at] usc.es
- Category
- Researcher: Ramón y Cajal
| Monday | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 10:00-11:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Classroom 3 |
| Tuesday | |||
| 10:00-11:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Classroom 3 |
| Wednesday | |||
| 10:00-11:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Classroom 3 |
| Thursday | |||
| 11:00-12:00 | Grupo /CLIS_01 | Spanish | Classroom 3 |
| 12:00-13:00 | Grupo /CLIS_02 | Spanish | Classroom 3 |
| 01.08.2024 10:00-12:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 1 |
| 01.08.2024 10:00-12:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 2 |
| 06.27.2024 10:00-12:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 1 |
| 06.27.2024 10:00-12:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 2 |