ECTS credits ECTS credits: 6
ECTS Hours Rules/Memories Student's work ECTS: 90 Hours of tutorials: 1 Expository Class: 37 Interactive Classroom: 8 EEES Clinics: 14 Total: 150
Use languages Spanish, Galician
Type: Ordinary Degree Subject RD 1393/2007 - 822/2021
Departments: Animal Pathology
Areas: Animal Health
Center Faculty of Veterinary Science
Call: First Semester
Teaching: With teaching
Enrolment: Enrollable
• To know the main historical facts which have contributed to the scientific development of the infectious diseases.
• To know the basic concepts and the terminology used in the study of infectious diseases.
• To understand the role that infectious agents, the host and the environment play as determining factors of the infectious disease.
• To understand the economic and sanitary importance of infectious diseases.
• Knowledge and application of the epidemiological studies in the study of infectious diseases.
• To make an adequate clinical record (obtaining information about a disease).
• Collection of convenient samples and correct delivery to the corresponding diagnostic centre, with the aim of achieving the diagnosis of a specific infectious disease.
• To be able to determine the origin of a disease whose cause is known and to investigate and control a disease whose cause is initially unknown.
• To know the most regularly used laboratory techniques in the diagnosis of infectious diseases, to be able to use them, to know how to interpret them and to be able to value them in their practical utility.
• To recognize the most important infectious diseases in the various species of domestic animals from the differential point of view and on the basis of epidemiological data, symptoms and lesions.
• To establish the most correct treatments and measures of medical, vaccine, biosafety and management prophylaxis, in agreement with the farming system, to avoid the arrival of infectious diseases from the outside, or prevent the spreading of the already existing and diminish their effects whenever possible.
• Monitoring and assessment of the control programmes of a disease.
The final objective is that students will be in perfect conditions to practice in terms of the specific knowledge of the subject, taking into account, above all, the criterion and applicative character of the discipline.
Theoretical program:
The program consists of the following sections: Infectious diseases of cattle (12 units), Infectious diseases of small ruminants (7 units) and Infectious diseases of poultry (6 units):
• BLOCK 1: CATTLE
o Unit 1.- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis.
o Unit 2.- Bovine Viral Diarrhea / Mucosal disease.
o Unit 3.- Bovine paratuberculosis.
o Unit 4.- Bovine mastitis.
o Unit 5.- Bovine respiratory disease: parainfluenza-3 infection and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Bovine adenovirus. Pasteurellosis.
o Unit 6.- Bovine neonatal diarrhea: rotavirus and coronavirus infections and other enteric viruses. Colibacillosis. Salmonellosis.
o Unit 7.- Anthrax. Blackleg. Other clostridial diseases: tetanus and botulism.
o Unit 8.- Other diseases causing cattle abortion: leptospirosis, chlamydiosis, campylobacteriosis, listeriosis, Q fever, anaplasmosis and micotic abortion.
o Unit 9.- Bovine spongiform encephalitis. Other nervous disorders: thromboembolic meningoencephalitis, listeriosis, rabies and Aujeszky´s disease.
o Unit 10.-. Diseases included in official eradication and surveillance programs in ruminants: bovine tuberculosis. Bovine brucellosis. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Bovine enzootic leukosis.
o Unit 11.- Skin diseases: Mycosis. Bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Other skin conditions: smallpox, lumpy skin disease, dermatophytosis, papillomatosis, actinobacillosis, actinomycosis, pyobacillosis, necrobacillosis and nocardiosis.
o Unit 12.- Exotic diseases of interest: malignant catarrhal fever. Rinderpest. Foot and mouth disease and other vesicular diseases.
• BLOCK 2: SMALL RUMINANTS
o Unit 13.- Respiratory complex of sheep: Parainfluenza, adenovirus and pasteurellosis infections. Contagious pleuropneumonia of small ruminants.
o Unit 14.- Maedi-Visna. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis. Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis. Scrapie.
o Unit15.- Enterotoxemias.
o Unit 16.- Contagious agalactia syndrome in small ruminants.
o Unit 17.- Processes that cause reproductive problems in small ruminants. Q fever, enzootic sheep abortion and others.
o Unit 18.-Bluetongue.
o Unit 19.- Caseous lymphadenitis.
o Unit 20.- Necrobacillosis and other diseases of interest.
• BLOCK 3: POULTRY
o Unit 21.- Respiratory diseases (I): Newcastle disease. Avian influenza.
o Unit 22.- Respiratory diseases (II): Chronic respiratory disease. Infectious bronchitis. Laryngotracheitis. Pasteurellosis. Psittacosis-Ornithosis.
o Unit 23.- Avian salmonellosis.
o Unit 24.- Colibacillosis.
o Unit 25.- Tumor diseases of viral origin: Marek's disease. Avian leukosis.
o Unit 26.- Immunosuppressive diseases: Gumboro disease.
The study of the main infectious diseases will be distributed by animal species and each disease will be developed according to the following scheme:
• Definition and synonyms.
• Historical aspects, if relevant.
• Economic and health importance.
• Etiology: the characteristics of the infectious agent that influence the pathogenesis or immune mechanisms, as well as the epidemiology, diagnosis and prophylaxis of the disease will be highlighted.
• Epidemiology: the geographical distribution of the disease, the agent-host-environment interactions, the transmission and maintenance of the infection, morbidity and lethality, etc. will be studied.
• Pathogenesis.
• Symptoms and lesions: these data together with the epizootiology of the disease will allow the future veterinarian to establish a clinical diagnosis.
• Diagnosis: the clinical diagnosis will be established based on epidemiological data, symptoms and lesions of the disease. Likewise, laboratory diagnosis will be studied, which includes direct and indirect methods to verify the intervention or presence of the pathogen.
• Treatment: those possible treatments and their effectiveness will be mentioned.
• Prophylaxis: vaccination and medical prophylaxis, biosafety and management measures.
Approximate duration: 45 hours
• 1h presentation
• 28 h block 1: approximately 2 hours per unit + 6 hours of board practices (1 hour / practice)
• 9 h block 2: approximately 1 hour per unit + 2 hours of board practices (1 hour / practice)
• 7 h block 3: approximately 1 hour per unit
Board practices:
8 hours of board practices will be carried out throughout the course on different practical aspects related to health in each species studied:
1.- Taking and sending samples to the laboratory (PE1).
2.- Serology: practical applications (PE2).
3.- Rational use of antibiotics and interpretation of antibiograms (PE3).
4.- Livestock Health Defense Groups (ADSG) (PE4).
5.- Functions of the farm veterinarian (PE5).
6.- Functions of the veterinarian who manages the milk quality improvement programs (PE6).
7.- Design and evaluation of health programs (2 h, PE7 and PE8).
Clinical practices:
There will be 14 hours of practices divided into 4 sessions:
• Practice 1: control programs in small ruminants (C1, 4 h).
• Practice 2: control of mastitis in cattle (C2, 4 h).
• Practice 3: control programs in cattle (C3, 4 h).
• Practice 4: poultry farming (C4, 2 h).
The content of these clinical practices will deal with different practical aspects of infectious diseases of the animal species included in the subject program:
• Risk factor assessment
• Assessment of the health situation of a farm / group
• Collection of biological samples of various kinds
• Treatment and control of infectious diseases
NOTE: it is recalled that in no case may photos or videos of clinical practices be taken without the express authorization of the owner of the facilities or the teacher in charge.
Basic:
• SCOTT P.R.; PENNY C.D.; MACRAE A.I. 2011. Cattle medicine. Manson Publishing Ltd. London, UK.
• PEEK S.F.; DIVERS T.J. 2018. Rebhun´s diseases of dairy cattle, 3rd edition. Elsevier. St. Louis, USA.
• CONSTABLE P.D.; HINCHCLIFF K.W.; DONE S.H.; GRÜNBERG W. 2017. Veterinary Medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats, 11th edition. Elsevier. St. Louis, USA.
• GARCÍA-BOCANEGRA I.; ZAFRA R. 2019. Enfermedades infectocontagiosas en rumiantes, 1a edición. Elsevier España. Barcelona, España.
• PUGH D.G.; BAIRD A.N. 2012. Sheep and goat medicine, 2nd edition. Elsevier Saunders. Maryland Heights, USA.
• AITKEN I.D. 2007. Diseases of sheep, 4th edition. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford, UK.
• SMITH M.C.; SHERMAN D.M. 2009. Goat medicine, 2nd edition. Wiley-Blackwell. Ames, USA.
• BOULIANNE M. 2012. Avian disease manual, 7th edition. American Association of Avian Pathologists, Inc. Florida, USA.
• TULLY JR T.N.; DORRESTEIN G.M.; JONES A.K. 2009. Handbook of avian medicine, 2nd edition. Elsevier Saunders. Maryland Heights, USA.
• DINEV I. 2011. Enfermedades de las aves, atlas a color 2ª edición. CEVA. Perú.
Complementary:
• KAHN C.M.; LINE S. 2012. Manual Merck de Veterinaria, 6ª edición. Océano, Barcelona, España.
• CONTRERAS A.; SÁNCHEZ A.; CORRALES J. C. 2001. Epidemiología veterinaria. Universidad de Murcia. Murcia.
• MACLACHLAN N.J. ET AL. 2017. Fenner´s Veterinary Virology, 5th edition. Academic Press, London, UK.
• MARKEY B. ET AL. 2013. Clinical Veterinary Microbiology, 2nd edition. Mosby Elsevier. St. Louis, USA.
• QUINN P.J. ET AL. 2017. Microbiología y enfermedades infecciosas veterinarias (2017). 2º edición. Editorial Acribia.
• RADOSTIS O. M. 2000. Examen y diagnóstico clínico en veterinaria. Mc Graw-Hill. México.
• Webs of interest:
o https://www.merckvetmanual.com
o https://www.oie.int/es/que-hacemos/normas/codigos-y-manuales/
o http://www.vetresponsable.es/vet-responsable/espanol/inicio_55_1_ap.html
o http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/
o http://www.neurovideos.vet.cornell.edu/index.aspx
Generic competences:
• Capacity to analyse and synthesis (GVUSC-02)
• Capacity to apply knowledge to practice (GVUSC-05)
• Capacity to work how autonomous or in multidisciplinary team (GVUSC-06)
Discipline specific competences:
• Basic principles and application of immunity (CEDVUSC-05)
• Knowledge and to diagnose the most common infectious diseases of animals, individuals and collectives, and the preventive program, especially zoonotic diseases and diseases of obligatory declaration (CEDVUSC-08)
Professional specific competences:
• To write up a clear and concise clinical record (anamnesis) and clinical exploration of the animals (DIVUSC-01)
• To select the suitable samples and send them in the correct conditions, with their corresponding report (DIVUSC-02)
• To diagnostic laboratories of specific infectious disease.by using analytical techniques evaluation (DIVUSC-04)
• To carry out epidemiological studies and prevent, control and eradication programs of infectious diseases in animals, especially zoonotic diseases and diseases of obligatory declaration (DIVUSC-05)
Academic specific competences:
• To analyse, to synthesis and resolve problems and take decisions in veterinary field (CEAUSC-01)
• To divulge the information obtained in a fluent way, oral and/or written (CEAUSC-03)
• Knowledge and application scientific methods in veterinary practice, especially in evidence base medicine (CEAUSC-05)
Transversal competences:
• Capacity to reason and to argue (CTVUSC-01)
• Capacity to elaborate and to present an organized and compressible text (CTVUSC-03)
• Ability to operate the TICs (CITVUSC-05)
• Capacity to resolve problems with integral application od knowledges (CTVUSC-07)
As this subject is oriented to future veterinary professionals, we intend to comply with the following basic methodological conditions:
a) To maintain a balance between the acquisition of theoretical knowledge and practical skills; we must not forget that in this discipline a series of necessary skills must be acquired for the professional practice of veterinary medicine.
b) To promote the constant search for new information: this is not a static discipline and is in continuous evolution, so it is necessary for the student to learn to search for new information, analyzing it from a critical position.
The training activities with the presence of the teacher will be:
• Lectures (large group; 37 h): lesson given by the teacher that can have different formats (theory, problems and / or general examples, general guidelines of the subject). The teacher can count on the support of audiovisual and computer media, but, in general, students do not need to handle them in class.
• Board practices (large group; 8 h): theoretical-practical class in which students will receive training on practical aspects related to the exercise of the profession, discussing these aspects by all students. As far as possible, an attempt will be made to invite recognized professionals to bring their experience and points of view to the students.
• Clinical practices (small / very small groups; 14 h): manual practices (“hands on training”) in which the student carries out clinical procedures and techniques on live animals or their carcasses, on visits to farms or establishments in which the student develops an active job.
• Tutorials (small / very small or individual groups; 1 h): tutorials scheduled by the teacher or at the request of the student at established times, dedicated to proposing and supervising work, clarifying doubts about theory, problems, exercises, programs, readings or other proposed tasks, debate or comment of works.
The exemption to class in any activity does not proceed.
Within this structure, we can describe several parts in this course:
A.- Theoretical work: the teacher will present the topics included in the program of the subject, and the student must acquire the basic knowledge of the discipline. The student must combine attendance at these theoretical classes with reading the recommended texts to expand their knowledge. Master classes, board practices, seminars and tutorials are included in this group.
These activities will be carried out in person in classrooms with the measures established by the USC. The summaries of the theoretical classes will be provided to the students through the Virtual Campus.
B.- Work in groups of 4-5 students: two practical cases of the different species that they will have to solve independently and present in writing. The students will have to investigate until establishing an action protocol and answer the questions posed based on the knowledge acquired through the theoretical classes, the recommended bibliography and the available information search tools. These practical assumptions will be facilitated and will have to be delivered resolved through the virtual classroom within the established deadline (last day of the teaching period); in case of presenting them after the deadline, the qualification obtained will be reduced by 25%.
C.- Practical Work: Throughout the course, the student must participate in the clinical practices of the subject, in order to develop the necessary skills for future professional practice. For each practice, the knowledge acquired by the student will be evaluated through questionnaires, rubrics or similar tools.
This activity will be carried out in person at farms with the measures established by the USC. In the event that the company/farm does not allow the practice to be carried out, they will be carried out as in scenario 2.
Clinical practices are mandatory.
Supports to the course:
Throughout the course, students will have face-to-face support, being able to consult the different teachers of the subject, in the indicated tutoring hours. They will also have virtual support, being able to make inquiries via email.
In addition, in the "Infectious Diseases I" course of the USC VIRTUAL CAMPUS the student will find various content and communication tools. The purpose of this course is to integrate information and communication technologies (ICT) in the teaching of the subject.
The qualification of each student will be made through continuous evaluation and the completion of a final exam done in person.
The continuous evaluation will represent the qualifications obtained both in the practical cases raised that must be solved in groups (4-5 students) and in the different activities of evaluation of clinical practices (questionnaires, evaluation by rubric, etc.).
Thus, the final evaluation of the student will consider the following aspects:
1. Compulsory completion of clinical practices.
2. Practical Assumptions: students will develop in groups of 4-5 people a total of two practical assumptions throughout the course, which they will always deliver within the established term. The resolution of these and the knowledge of the subject demonstrated will be valued.
3. Activities for the evaluation of clinical practices, either by means of a questionnaire, rubrics or other evaluation methods.
4. Written Exam: in this section the theoretical-practical knowledge achieved by the student will be assessed. A final exam will be held on the dates established in the Academic Program of the Veterinary Faculty.
The final exam will be a test that will consist of:
• 40-50 multiple choice test questions with only one answer. Every 2 incorrect answers will discount one correct answer. The score for this part will represent 50% of the exam qualification.
• 4 short questions to develop schematically. Each question will be scored from 0 to 10 points, and the score for this part (average of the 4 questions) will represent 50% of the exam qualification.
Up to 10 questions related to clinical practices will be included in the final test among the test questions. The content presented in the seminars can also be included in the theoretical exam.
In cases of fraudulent performance of exercises or tests, the provisions of the Normativa de avaliación do rendemento académico dos estudantes e de revisión de cualificacións will apply.
After the publication of the provisional notes of each exam, the student will be able to review their exercise and raise any doubts, suggestions or claims that they consider appropriate. The date and place of the reviews will be published together with the exam scores.
Final Qualification of the Subject:
The final grade for the course will be as follows:
• Practical assumptions (continuous evaluation): 30% of the final qualification (20% the practical assumptions and 10% the evaluation activities of the clinical practices).
• Written exam: 70% of the final qualification. To pass the course, the final exam will have to be passed with a qualification equal to or greater than 50% of its value (5/10 points).
Recommendations for the Evaluation:
It is highly recommended to participate in the practical assumptions since they represent 20% of the final grade, and therefore will facilitate the passing of the subject. It is also noteworthy that clinical practices must be carried out in order to pass the subject.
As for the recommendations when facing a final exam, it is important to remind students that it is essential to carefully read the statements of each question and all possible answers. In the short questions the student will have to adjust to what was asked and answer clearly and schematically.
The exemption to class in any activity does not proceed.
Recommendations for Recovery:
It is important to take into account a series of aspects in the event that the student does not pass the subject in a given call:
• The grades of the exams are not maintained, so the student must again examine the theoretical content of the subject.
• The marks obtained in the practical cases for the calls of the following course will be saved.
• The exams of all the calls will have a similar format and the final grade will be calculated in the same way.
ATTENDANCE:
• Master classes 37 h
• Clinical practices 14 h
• Board practices 8 h
• Tutoring 1 h
Total attendance hours (10x ECTS No.) 60 h
INDIVIDUAL WORK:
• Individual study 49 h
• Bibliographic review, library use, etc. 12 h
• Resolution of practical cases 26 h
• Exams 3 h
Total working hours (15x ECTS No.) 90 h
To study the content of the discipline, the following considerations will be taken into account:
• The differential diagnosis between the different infectious diseases that affect a certain animal species is essential. For its study and understanding, it is advisable to prepare synoptic tables that include the main epidemiological data, clinical signs and characteristic lesions of each of the diseases under study and to carry out a comparative study of the same based on similar and exclusive data for each one. of them.
• In order to learn the laboratory diagnostic techniques for each disease, it is convenient to classify the different infectious diseases by the etiological agent, independently of the affected animal species and the affected organic system. Subsequently, the main laboratory techniques applied for each disease will be noted and its analogy can be verified according to the etiologies of each disease:
o Analytical techniques for bacteria and depending on the type of bacteria, some more specific
o Analytical techniques for viruses and depending on the type of virus, some more specific, etc….
• For the study of the prevention, control and eradication measures of various diseases, it is convenient to carry it out in blocks of diseases that have general measures in common (eg: respiratory diseases of sheep and goats, etc ...) and then study the measures. specific to some of the diseases.
• For the knowledge of the different vaccination guidelines against each infectious disease, it is always very useful to take into account at what time of year, age of affected animals or production phase where the disease appears most frequently and, therefore, when interested in using vaccination.
In conclusion, it is essential to learn the discipline from a differential and comparative point of view between the different infectious diseases under study and not the independent study of each one of them.
Finally, for the learning, study and understanding of the practical assumptions it is essential that the student does not lose at any time the practical sense that must be given in their development, applying the theoretical knowledge learned, but with a logical, economic and feasible vision, according to the mentality of the farmer, etc.
Materials:
Before their development in class, the summaries of the presentations that will be used in the theoretical sessions in pdf will be provided in the course of the subject in the Virtual Campus.
This material must be completed with the notes and notes taken in class.
Recommended work method and activities to be carried out:
The student must complete the presentation of the topics with the notes and clarifications made in the theoretical classes.
It is advisable to review the production systems that are reflected according to the species studied.
It is also important to review the materials of each species before carrying out the corresponding practices in order to get a better use of them.
Contingency plan:
Teaching methodology
• Theoretical work: master classes, board practices, seminars and tutorials.
These activities will be carried out:
Scenario 2 and 3: virtually.
In all cases, the summaries of the theoretical classes will be provided to the students, and in the case of virtual teaching, the classes will be taught through videos or sessions on the Teams platform.
• Practical Work: clinical practices.
These activities will be carried out:
Scenario 2: in person according to the situation and instructions from the USC.
Scenario 3: virtually.
In scenario 2, the practices will be carried out through activities in appropriate spaces of the faculty (face-to-face) according to the health recommendation of the moment (laboratories, seminars, classrooms). In this case, the same schedules would be maintained, but if necessary, each group of practices will be subdivided into two subgroups with half the schedule. The other half of the schedule will be complemented by videos and individual student work that will be facilitated through the virtual classroom of the subject.
In scenario 3 the practices will be done through videos and individual work.
Qualification system
Theoretical exam: in the case of scenario 2, the exam will be conducted telematically if that is required by the health recommendations at that time, while in the case of scenario 3 it will always be telematic.
The telematic exam will consist of 40-50 multiple choice test questions (5 options; 1-5 correct). The scoring of these questions will be obtained as follows:
Correct (complete) question = 1 point.
Correct (incomplete) question: Each correct option will score proportionally to the number of correct answers (1 = 100%; 2 = 50%; 3 = 33.3%; 4 = 25%; 5 = 20%)
Incorrect question (1 or more failures) = 0 points.
Coordinator: Alberto Prieto Lago
Gonzalo Fernández Rodríguez
- Department
- Animal Pathology
- Area
- Animal Health
- gonzalo.fernandez [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Lecturer
Alberto Prieto Lago
Coordinador/a- Department
- Animal Pathology
- Area
- Animal Health
- alberto.prieto [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: LOU (Organic Law for Universities) PhD Assistant Professor
José Manuel Diaz Cao
- Department
- Animal Pathology
- Area
- Animal Health
- josemanueldiaz.cao [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: LOU (Organic Law for Universities) PhD Assistant Professor
| Monday | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 15:00-16:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Classroom 3 |
| Tuesday | |||
| 18:00-19:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Classroom 3 |
| Wednesday | |||
| 17:00-18:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Classroom 3 |
| 18:00-19:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Classroom 3 |
| 12.16.2021 12:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 1 |
| 12.16.2021 12:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 2 |
| 12.16.2021 12:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 3 |
| 07.08.2022 12:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 2 |