ECTS credits ECTS credits: 6
ECTS Hours Rules/Memories Student's work ECTS: 99 Hours of tutorials: 3 Expository Class: 24 Interactive Classroom: 24 Total: 150
Use languages Spanish, Galician
Type: Ordinary Degree Subject RD 1393/2007 - 822/2021
Departments: Microbiology and Parasitology
Areas: Microbiology
Center Faculty of Biology
Call: Second Semester
Teaching: Sin docencia (Extinguida)
Enrolment: No Matriculable | 1st year (Yes)
# The knowledge and correct uilization by students of the basic terminology of the discipline.
# Identify and place in context the different biological entities object of study of Microbiology.
# Acquire basic knowledge about the biology of microorganisms, including morphological, physiological, genetic, clinical, and ecological aspects.
# Acquire the theoretical and methodological base necessary to address without difficulty later specialization in any area of the discipline, either basic or applied.
# Learn how to properly handle the materials and instruments of a microbiology laboratory, acquiring manual skills that require the microbiological methods.
# Learn the techniques used in microbiology: microscopy, staining, isolation of pure cultures, identification of micro-organisms.
# Learn to manage the sources of documentation.
# To make the student understand and appreciate the interest of Microbiology in the context of biotechnological studies, and social impact of Microbiology.
In conclusion, we try to encourage habits of initiative, creativity, critical thinking and teamwork, and the acquisition of basic skills that allow students to understand what they are like living organisms and easily address a subsequent specialization in any area of discipline, taking in mind the following learning results:
To know the structure and physiology of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms
To know the factor affecting the development of microorganisms
To know the methods for obtention of axenic cultures
To know the methods for viral isolation and growth
To know the basis for classification of microorganisms: prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses.
To know the relationships among microrganisms and their environment.
Theoretical Class Schedule.
Block I. INTRODUCTION.
Item 1. Origin and histriacl development of Microbiology. (1 h).
Definition of Microbiology. Historical Development of Microbiology. The three "domains": Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya. Main differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. General characteristics of the virus.
Block II. MORPHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MICROORGANISMS.
Item 2. Techniques for the Study and Observation of Microorganisms. (seminar)
Types of optical microscopy. Types of preparations for microscopic examination. Staining. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning. Other types of microscopy.
Item 3. Bacterial morphology and structure. (1 h)
Morphology, size and bacterial groupings. Essential and non-essential structures. Cytoplasm and Cytoplasmic Formations: Ribosomes. Membrane bound organelles of a single layer. Reserve cytoplasmic inclusions. Nuclear area. Extrachromosomal DNA.
Item 4. Plasmatic Membrane and Membranous structures (1 h)
Chemical composition, structure and functions of the bacterial membrane. Types of transport across the plasma membrane. Differential characteristics of the membranes of Archaea. Membranous structures.
Item 5. Bacterial Cell Wall (2 h)
Structure and chemical composition: differences between Eubacteria Gram positive and Gram negative. Functions of the various cell wall polymers. Specific features of the wall of Archaea.
Item 6. External Structures to Cell Wall (1 h)
Capsules: Chemical nature and functions. Flagella and flagellar movement: Structure and chemical composition of the flagellum. Pili or fimbriae: types and functions.
Item 7. Specialized Cells: The Bacterial Endospore (1 h)
Structure, chemical composition and properties of the endospore. Observing the presence endospores. Differences between vegetative cell and bacterial endospores. Kinetics of sporulation. Genetic aspects of the process of sporulation. Germination of endospores.
Block III. PHYSIOLOGY, CULTIVATION AND GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS.
Item 8. Microbial Nutrition (2 h)
Principles of microbial nutrition. Nutritional categories of microorganisms: Sources of energy, electrons and carbon. Sources of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus. Assimilation in inorganic form of nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus.
Item 9. Cultivation of Microorganisms and Physical-Chemical Conditions for Growth (1 h)
Types of bacteriological culture media. Mixed cultures and pure cultures. Methods of isolation of pure cultures. Conservation. Effect of physico-chemical factors on growth. Temperature. pH. Osmotic pressure. Hydrostatic pressure. Oxygen requirements. Classification of microorganisms depending on the physico-chemical conditions of growth.
Item 10. Bacterial growth and Measurement of Bacterial Growth. (1 h + seminar)
Cell growth: bacterial division cycle. Growth stocks: Growth curve and characteristics of the different phases. Mathematical expression of growth. Effect of antimicrobial agents on growth. Synchronous and asynchronous growth. Direct and indirect methods of determination of grwoth. Continuous culture and its applications.
Item 11. Control of Microorganisms. (2 h + seminar)
Definition of terms: sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis, etc.. Factors influencing the antimicrobial action. Modes of action of antimicrobial agents. Control by physical and chemical agents. Main groups of disinfectants. Determining potency disinfection. Chemotherapy. Types of chemotherapy: natural (antibiotics) and synthetic. Determination of antimicrobial activity. Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents: mechanisms and transmission. Importance of antimicrobial peptides.
Block IV. BASIS OF MICROBIAL TAXONOMY.
Item 12. Classification of microorganisms. (1 h)
Bacterial species and biological species concepts . Phenetic and phylogenetic classification. Bacterial nomenclature. Major groups of bacteria and archaea.
Item 13. Major groups of Gram negative bacteria (2 h)
Photosynthetic bacteria. Chemolithotrophic bacteria: Importance in the biogeochemical cycles of matter. Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. Methane-oxidizing bacteria. Acetic acid bacteria. Atmospheric nitrogen fixing bacteria. Families Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. Strict anaerobic bacteria. Rickettsias and Chlamydias.
Item 14. Major groups of Gram positive bacteria (2 h)
Gram positive bacteria with low G+ C content. Endospore-forming and Non Endospore-forming bacteria: Clinical, industrial and ecological significance. The Mycoplasmas. Gram-positive bacteria with high G+ C content. Actinobacteria. Coryneform Group: Ecology and industrial and clinical importance. Mycobacteria. Filamentous Actinobacteria with sporangia and conidia. General characteristics and importance of the genus Streptomyces.
Item 15. Domain Archaea. (1 h)
Phylogeny of the domain Archaea. Extreme halophilic Archaea. Methanogenic Archaea. Thermoacidophilic Archaea. Environmental and industrial interest.
Item 16. Eucaryotic Microorganisms (1 h)
Main differences between procaryotic and eucaryiotic cells. The origin of eucaryotic cells: the theory of endosymbiosis. Main eucaryotic lineages.
Block V. VIRUSES AND SUB-VIRAL PARTICLES
Item 17. Nature and Characteristics of the virus. (2 h)
Characteristics and nature of the viral particle. Distinctive properties of the virus. Viral structure and architecture. Classification of viruses. Infective cycle and synthesis of viral components. Viral nucleic acid replication: types of cycles. Subviral particles.
Block VI. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
Item 18. Biogeochemical Cycles. (2 h)
Cycles and microorganisms involved: Cycles of nitrogen, sulfur and carbon. Microbial degradation of natural polymers in soil and water.
Item 19. Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. (3 h)
Role of microorganisms in the biotechnology industry. Search, selection and manipulation of microorganisms of applied interest. Main microorganisms of applied interest. Obtaining industrial products using microbial biotechnology. Main products obtained by Industrial Microbiology. Use of microorganisms for the production of food and beverages. Wastewater treatments.
Therefore, the agenda of the course is organized into 6 blocks that encompass the full range of issues to study in this area. The different topics and sections are ordered so as to enable the student to gradually acquire concepts that will be useful for understanding the later sections. Will be explained in more detail the contents of each section to justify the inclusion of items in one section or another.
Laboratory Class Schedule
Block I. Introduction. Preparation of Media and Materials.
Practice 1. The microbiology laboratory.
Description of laboratory equipment. Description of the collection of microorganisms. Labor standards in the laboratory.
Block II. Isolation and Culture of Microorganisms.
Practice 2. Culture of Microorganisms in either solid or liquid medium.
Inoculation on solid medium. Characteristics of microorganisms in culture: solid media and liquid media. Techniques for obtaining pure cultures: serial dilution method and spline method of isolation on solid medium.
Block III. Morphology and Structure of Microorganisms.
Practice 3. The optical microscope.
Handling and Care of the optical microscope. Observation of microorganisms in fresh by phase contrast microscopy.
Practice 4. Staining methods of microorganisms.
Differential staining: Gram stain.
Block IV. Growth and Control.
Practice 5. Methods for the measurement of growth.
Microscope cell counting. Agar plate counting for the estimation of viable cells. Spectrophotometric measurement of growth.
Practice 6. Antimicrobial agents.
Measurement of antimicrobial activity o f chemotherapeutic agents: disk diffusion method (Antibiogram)
Block V. Microbial identification.
Practice 7. Identification of pure bacterial cultures by conventional methods in plate and tube (IMViC). Miniaturized bacterial identification methods.
Block VI. Virology.
Practice 9. Bacteriophage titration.
BASIC
Madigan, M.T. et al. eds., 2015. Brock Biología de los microorganismos. 14ª ed. Madrid: Pearson.
Martín, Béjar, Gutiérrez, Llagostera & Quesada. 2019. Microbiología Esencial. Editorial Médica Panamericana.
Willey, J.M., Sherwood, L.M. y Woolverton, C.J., 2009. Microbiología de Prescott, Harley y Klein. 7ª ed. Madrid: McGraw-Hill Interamericana.
COMPLEMENTARY
Atlas, R.M. y. Bartha, R., 2001. Ecología microbiana y microbiología ambiental. 4ª ed. Madrid: Addison-Wesley.
Balows, A., Truper, H.G, Dworkin, H., Harder, N. and Schleifer, K.H., 1992. The Prokaryotes: a handbook on the biology of bacteria: ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer- Verlag.
Ingraham, J.L. y Ingraham, C.A., 1998. Introducción a la microbiología. 2 vol. Barcelona: Reverté.
Lederberg, J. ed., 2000. Encyclopedia of microbiology. 2nd ed. 4 vol. San Diego: Academic Press.
Schaechter, M. 2012. Eukaryotic microbes. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press.
Singleton, P. and Sainsbury, D., 2006. Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Struthers, J.K. y Westran, R.P., 2005. Bacteriología clínica. Barcelona: Masson.
PRACTICES
Gamazo, C., Lopez, I. y Camacho, A.I. eds., 2013. Manual práctico de microbiología. 3ª ed. Barcelona: Elsevier.
Gamazo, C., Sánchez, S. y Díaz, R. eds., 2005. Microbiología basada en la experimentación. 3ª ed. Barcelona: Masson.
Koneman, E. W., Allen, S.D., Janda, V.M., Schreckenberger, V.C. y Winn W.C. Jr., 2008. Koneman diagnóstico microbiológico: texto y atlas en color. 6ª ed. Buenos Aires: Editorial Médica Panamericana.
McFaddin, J.F., 2003. Pruebas bioquímicas para la identificación de bacterias de importancia clínica. 3ª ed. Buenos Aires: Editorial Médica Panamericana.
Olds, R.J., 1982. Atlas de Microbiología. Barcelona: Editorial Científico-Médica.
Seeley, H.W., Van Demark, P.J. and Lee, J.J., 1991. Microbes in action: a laboratory manual of microbiology. 4th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman.
Basic and general competences
CG1- To know the most important concepts, methods and results of the different aspects of Biotecnology.
CG2- To apply the obtained theoretic and practical knowledge to problems and searching of solutions in academic and profesional contexts.
CG3- To get and to interpret relevant information and results and to obtain conclusions in Biotechnological aspects.
CG4- To be able to transmit information, written and orally, and to debate ideas related to Biotechnology, in front of a general or specialized audience.
CG5- To study and learn autonomously, organizing the tiem and sources, new knowledge and techniques of Biotechnology.
CB1- That students demonstrate to have and unsderstand knowledge that, from a basic high-school level upgrade to a level that, with support not only of advanced text books, but also including aspects of current state-of-the-art.
CB2-That students can apply their knowledge to their work or vocation in a professional manner and have competences typically demonstrated through devising and defending arguments and solving problems within their field of study
CB3- That students have the ability to gather and interpret relevant data, to make judgments that include a reflection on topics relevant of social, scientific or ethical nature.
CB4- That students can transmit information, ideas, problems and solutions to a specialized or non-specialized public.
CB5- That the students have developed the necessary learning skills to undertake later studies with a highdegree of autonomy.
General/Transversal competences
GT1- Thinking in an integrated way, approaching problems from different perspectives.
CT2- To search, process, analyze and synthesize information obtained from diverse sources.
CT3- To organize and plan their own work.
CT4- To interpret results and identify consistent and inconsistent elements.
CT5- Working in a team.
CT6- Critical reasoning.
CT7- To maintain an ethical commitment.
CT8- Adaptation to new situations (resilience).
Specific skills
CE3- To compile the instruental techniques and protocols of the work in a microbiological laboratory, identifying and applying the norms and techniques related to safety, waste management and quality..
CE9- To identify different types of viruses, microorganisms, and animal and vegetal tissues, to understand their development, organization, and physiology, and to know their applications in Biotechnology.
A) Lectures in large group:
Scenario 1: synchronous, classroom-based.
Scenario 2: synchronous, classroom-based with alternate groups in the classroom.
Scenario 3: virtual synchronous (Microsoft Teams)
B) Interactive small group classes (seminars):
Scenario 1: synchronous, classroom-based.
Scenario 2: synchronous, classroom-based with alternate groups in the classroom.
Scenario 3: virtual synchronous (Microsoft Teams)
C) Laboratory practices:
Scenario 1: 50% synchronous practices in the laboratory and 50% virtual asynchronous practices (Virtual Campus)
Scenario 2: 50% synchronous practices in the laboratory and 50% virtual asynchronous practices (Virtual Campus)
Scenario 3: 100% virtual asynchronous practices (Virtual Campus)
D) Tutorials (they will be scheduled by the teacher at the student's request):
Scenario 1: face-to-face.
Scenario 2: face-to-face and/or virtual via email or Microsoft Teams.
Scenario 3: virtual via email or Microsoft Teams.
Uner scenarios 1 and 2, volunteer activities related to the theory or laboratory classes can be organized. Possibility of a practice within the SWI (Small World Initiative: crowsourcing antibiotic discovery) international learning program collaborative for exploration of microbial biodiversity in soil searching new microorganisms that produce antibiotics.
- Theory. - There will be a compulsory final exam, which may include questions about the seminars presented in class. The note of theory represent 65% of the final grade of matter.
- Practice. - Mandatory attendance at all practices and will be required to sit the examination of theory. Students take an exam on the fundamentals, methodology and results of this examination the note represent 20% of the final grade. Students may have to prepare a report on some of the laboratory activities that will be qualified together with the test on laboratory activities.
- Seminars. - The weight of all the activities carried out in the seminars will be 15% of the final grade. In case of being taught by the teacher, their content will be susceptible to review. Individual exercises related to the content of seminars can be also evaluated.
Should be taught by students, for the evaluation of the seminars will be taken into account:
1) Formal correction of the written summary and public presentation
2) The synthesis of information gathered
3) The ability to respond appropriately to questions
In the case of educational alternatives, assessing the student's participation in them.
Note: The minimum in the theory and laboratory exams to assess the other concepts will be 4.5.
Scenario 1:
Laboratory practices: presence-based modality
Seminars: presence-based modality
Final exam: presence-based modality
Scenario 2:
Laboratory practices: presence-based modality
Seminars: presence-based and telematic modalities through Virtual Campus
Final exam: telematically through the Virtual Campus
Scenario 3:
Laboratory practices: telematically through Microsoft Teams and the Virtual Campus
Seminars: telematically through Virtual Campus
Final exam: telematically through the Virtual Campus
In cases of fraudulent performance of exercises or tests, the provisions of the “Normativa de Avaliación do rendemento académico dos estudantes e de revision de cualificacions” will apply.
These instruments will be utilized to evaluate the skills according to the following schem:
-In the exam the following skills will be evaluated: CB1 a CB5, CGT1, CGT2, CGT5, CGT6, CGT9, CGT11.
-During the practical classes the following skills will be evaluated: CGT6, CGT7, CGT9, CGT13.
-On the active participation in the class and seminars the following skills will be evaluated: CGT2, CGT3, CGT4, CGT6, CGT9, CGT10, CGT13, CGT14.
- During the other educational alternatives the following skills will be evaluated: CGT4, CGT8, CGT10, CGT12.
A continuous evaluation will be performed both in the lectures and in the interactive classes, including oral or written tests, preparation and presentation of academic works (via Virtual Campus), participation of the students in the classrooms, and their qualification will be included in the Sections indicated previously.
Repeater students
Repeater students who have positively evaluated the practices, will maintain that qualification during the following two academic years.
The attendance to the tutorials of small group will be voluntary, although the activities that could be carried out in these tutorials will be evaluated in the 10% corresponding to the seminars.
Classroom lessons 54 hours:
27 hours lectures
15 hours practical classes
seminars 6 hours
small group tutoring in 3 hours
Individualized tutoring 1 hours
exam 3 hours.
Student personnel work 90 hours:
Individual study 74 hours (3-4 hours per week)
Preparation of work and recommended reading 20 hours
Assistance to conferences and other activities 2 hours
Comprehensive study, linking the contents of the subject with those of related subjects.
Regular attendance and active participation in lectures and seminars.
Follow the recommendations of the teacher that may arise along the semester.
Given the situation derived from the COVID-19 pandemic, different adaptations are included in the teaching methodology and in the evaluation system planned in the “Plan de Continxencia” for the academic year 2020-2021:
SCENARIO 1:
Lectures and seminars: synchronous, classroom-based. Presence-based modality evaluation.
Laboratory practices: 50% synchronous practices in the laboratory and 50% virtual asynchronous practices (Virtual Campus). Presence-based modality evaluation.
SCENARIO 2:
Lectures and seminars: synchronous, classroom-based with alternate groups in the classroom. Telematic evaluation (Virtual Campus and Microsoft Teams) and presence-based modality evaluation.
Laboratory practices: 50% synchronous practices in the laboratory and 50% virtual asynchronous practices (Virtual Campus). Presence-based modality evaluation.
SCENARIO 3:
Lectures and seminars: virtual synchronous (Microsoft Teams). Telematic evaluation (Virtual Campus).
Laboratory practices: 100% virtual asynchronous practices (Virtual Campus). Telematic evaluation (Virtual Campus).
Jesús Ángel López Romalde
- Department
- Microbiology and Parasitology
- Area
- Microbiology
- Phone
- 881816908
- jesus.romalde [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Professor
Miguel Balado Dacosta
- Department
- Microbiology and Parasitology
- Area
- Microbiology
- miguel.balado [at] usc.es
- Category
- Researcher: JIN (Young Researchers)
| Monday | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 12:00-13:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Main Hall Santiago Ramón y Cajal |
| Tuesday | |||
| 12:00-13:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Main Hall Santiago Ramón y Cajal |
| 06.14.2021 16:00-20:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 01. Charles Darwin |
| 06.14.2021 16:00-20:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 02. Gregor Mendel |
| 07.19.2021 16:00-20:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 01. Charles Darwin |
| 07.19.2021 16:00-20:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 02. Gregor Mendel |