Dietary guide for people over 65 years of age
Authorship
I.A.B.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
I.A.B.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:15
07.17.2025 09:15
Summary
Approximately 25% of the Galician population is over 65 years old, and 20% of these older adults reside in single-person households. This demographic aging trend has significantly intensified in recent decades, directly impacting the nutritional status of older adults. This demographic faces a complex situation due to the high prevalence of pathologies, compounded by physiological changes and other social factors that not only negatively affect their nutritional well-being and quality of life, but also entail a considerable financial burden for the healthcare system. Given this challenge, the objective of this Final Degree Project was to create a dietary guide tailored to the most prevalent pathologies and other nutritional needs experienced by this demographic. The aim was to provide practical tools to ensure their nutrition is adapted to their age and specific circumstances. To this end, a 4-week baseline diet was designed, following the recommendations of leading health organizations such as SEEG, WHO, and EFSA, and adopting the Harvard Plate as a reference due to its ease of application. This diet was adapted to the needs of the main pathologies affecting this population group and includes supplementary recommendations on hydration, texture modifications, and meal enrichment. This tool will prove highly valuable for its implementation in home-based nutrition. It can be utilized by older individuals living alone or with their families who may lack the knowledge required to develop a personalized nutritional plan that optimizes their health.
Approximately 25% of the Galician population is over 65 years old, and 20% of these older adults reside in single-person households. This demographic aging trend has significantly intensified in recent decades, directly impacting the nutritional status of older adults. This demographic faces a complex situation due to the high prevalence of pathologies, compounded by physiological changes and other social factors that not only negatively affect their nutritional well-being and quality of life, but also entail a considerable financial burden for the healthcare system. Given this challenge, the objective of this Final Degree Project was to create a dietary guide tailored to the most prevalent pathologies and other nutritional needs experienced by this demographic. The aim was to provide practical tools to ensure their nutrition is adapted to their age and specific circumstances. To this end, a 4-week baseline diet was designed, following the recommendations of leading health organizations such as SEEG, WHO, and EFSA, and adopting the Harvard Plate as a reference due to its ease of application. This diet was adapted to the needs of the main pathologies affecting this population group and includes supplementary recommendations on hydration, texture modifications, and meal enrichment. This tool will prove highly valuable for its implementation in home-based nutrition. It can be utilized by older individuals living alone or with their families who may lack the knowledge required to develop a personalized nutritional plan that optimizes their health.
Direction
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Tutorships)
Míguez Suárez, Gabriel (Co-tutorships)
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Tutorships)
Míguez Suárez, Gabriel (Co-tutorships)
Court
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
Study of connexin activity in the antitumor immune function of Natural Killer cells
Authorship
E.A.P.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
E.A.P.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
Natural Killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in immune surveillance by recognising and destroying damaged cells without prior activation. Melanoma is a highly aggressive type of skin cancer that affects melanocytes and is characterised by the presence of a high number of mutations that promote tumour progression. An essential component in the synapse and communication between immune and tumour cells are the gap junctions, formed by proteins called connexions, among which connexin 43 stands out due to its wide distribution and implication as a possible tumour suppressor gene. These structures allow the exchange of signals that can enhance the cytotoxic action of immune system cells, including NK cells. In this work, we set out to study the presence and function of connexin 43 in immune system cells and tumour cells, with the aim of improving the immune response and, in the future, its application in cancer immunotherapies, promoting a more effective response of the immune system against tumour cells. The results show, by several techniques, the presence of a wide expression of connexions in NK-92 cells, as well as the presence of connexin 43 both at RNA and protein level, being mainly located in the plasma membrane. In addition, NK-92 cells can establish functional gap junctions with melanoma cells, a phenomenon that could be involved in their enhanced anti-tumour cytotoxic activity. However, in order to confirm these results and gain a better understanding of the processes involved in the interaction between immune cells and tumour cells, additional experiments must be carried out.
Natural Killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in immune surveillance by recognising and destroying damaged cells without prior activation. Melanoma is a highly aggressive type of skin cancer that affects melanocytes and is characterised by the presence of a high number of mutations that promote tumour progression. An essential component in the synapse and communication between immune and tumour cells are the gap junctions, formed by proteins called connexions, among which connexin 43 stands out due to its wide distribution and implication as a possible tumour suppressor gene. These structures allow the exchange of signals that can enhance the cytotoxic action of immune system cells, including NK cells. In this work, we set out to study the presence and function of connexin 43 in immune system cells and tumour cells, with the aim of improving the immune response and, in the future, its application in cancer immunotherapies, promoting a more effective response of the immune system against tumour cells. The results show, by several techniques, the presence of a wide expression of connexions in NK-92 cells, as well as the presence of connexin 43 both at RNA and protein level, being mainly located in the plasma membrane. In addition, NK-92 cells can establish functional gap junctions with melanoma cells, a phenomenon that could be involved in their enhanced anti-tumour cytotoxic activity. However, in order to confirm these results and gain a better understanding of the processes involved in the interaction between immune cells and tumour cells, additional experiments must be carried out.
Direction
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Tutorships)
Mayán Santos, María Dolores (Co-tutorships)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Tutorships)
Mayán Santos, María Dolores (Co-tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
Study of the influence of calcium on the activation of the inflammatory response
Authorship
E.A.R.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
E.A.R.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
Calcium is a crucial second messenger in numerous cellular processes, such as energy metabolism and immune system activation. The communication between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to regulate its intracellular levels is essential for proper cell function and is disrupted under stressful situations like inflammation. This Final Degree Project studied the role of calcium in the activation of the inflammatory response through its modulation with thapsigargin (Tg), an irreversible and selective inhibitor of the ER-Calcium-ATPase pump. Initially, the effect of Tg on cell viability was analyzed in macrophages from RAW 264.7 cell line, obtaining a half inhibitory concentration of 0.1 micromolar after 24 h of treatment. Next, the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha was quantified after 24 h of treatment with Tg, obtaining a significant release at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.01 micromolar. The effect of this drug on free cytosolic calcium levels was then analyzed using the fluorescent indicator Fura-2AM. An initial increase in cytosolic calcium was observed, corresponding to the ER emptying caused by Tg, followed by a slight decrease caused by mitochondrial calcium reuptake and then an increase due to the opening of store-operated channels. Finally, the effect of Tg on energy metabolism was evaluated, revealing a significant reduction in total ATP production due to the mitochondrial disruption caused by calcium overload. Furthermore, signs of cellular recovery were detected, associated to the activation of anaerobic glycolysis as a compensatory mechanism. These results confirm that calcium modulation in macrophages triggers an activation of the inflammatory response and affects energy metabolism, particularly mitochondrial function.
Calcium is a crucial second messenger in numerous cellular processes, such as energy metabolism and immune system activation. The communication between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to regulate its intracellular levels is essential for proper cell function and is disrupted under stressful situations like inflammation. This Final Degree Project studied the role of calcium in the activation of the inflammatory response through its modulation with thapsigargin (Tg), an irreversible and selective inhibitor of the ER-Calcium-ATPase pump. Initially, the effect of Tg on cell viability was analyzed in macrophages from RAW 264.7 cell line, obtaining a half inhibitory concentration of 0.1 micromolar after 24 h of treatment. Next, the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha was quantified after 24 h of treatment with Tg, obtaining a significant release at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.01 micromolar. The effect of this drug on free cytosolic calcium levels was then analyzed using the fluorescent indicator Fura-2AM. An initial increase in cytosolic calcium was observed, corresponding to the ER emptying caused by Tg, followed by a slight decrease caused by mitochondrial calcium reuptake and then an increase due to the opening of store-operated channels. Finally, the effect of Tg on energy metabolism was evaluated, revealing a significant reduction in total ATP production due to the mitochondrial disruption caused by calcium overload. Furthermore, signs of cellular recovery were detected, associated to the activation of anaerobic glycolysis as a compensatory mechanism. These results confirm that calcium modulation in macrophages triggers an activation of the inflammatory response and affects energy metabolism, particularly mitochondrial function.
Direction
BOTANA LOPEZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Tutorships)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Co-tutorships)
BOTANA LOPEZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Tutorships)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Co-tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
Fasting, benefits and contraindications
Authorship
A.B.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
A.B.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:15
07.17.2025 09:15
Summary
This Final Degree Project explores fasting from a scientific and physiological perspective, with the aim of analyzing effects on human health and its potential applications in clinical and athletic contexts. Through a structured literature review, different fasting protocols including intermittent fasting, prolonged fasting, and fasting mimicking diets are examined in relation to energy metabolism, hormonal regulation, and cellular homeostasis. Particular emphasis is placed on fasting as a therapeutic tool in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and certain types of cancer. Recent scientific evidence is assessed regarding its efficacy, underlying mechanisms, and possible limitations. Additionally, the project includes a specific section addressing the impact of fasting on physical performance, distinguishing between endurance and strength based sports. Throughout the analysis, both potential benefits and relevant contraindications are identified, highlighting the importance of an evidence based, personalized, and safe implementation. This work aims to offer a critical and up to date overview of the role of fasting within the field of clinical nutrition.
This Final Degree Project explores fasting from a scientific and physiological perspective, with the aim of analyzing effects on human health and its potential applications in clinical and athletic contexts. Through a structured literature review, different fasting protocols including intermittent fasting, prolonged fasting, and fasting mimicking diets are examined in relation to energy metabolism, hormonal regulation, and cellular homeostasis. Particular emphasis is placed on fasting as a therapeutic tool in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and certain types of cancer. Recent scientific evidence is assessed regarding its efficacy, underlying mechanisms, and possible limitations. Additionally, the project includes a specific section addressing the impact of fasting on physical performance, distinguishing between endurance and strength based sports. Throughout the analysis, both potential benefits and relevant contraindications are identified, highlighting the importance of an evidence based, personalized, and safe implementation. This work aims to offer a critical and up to date overview of the role of fasting within the field of clinical nutrition.
Direction
Cepeda Sáez, Alberto (Tutorships)
Cepeda Sáez, Alberto (Tutorships)
Court
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
Characterization of plasmids from extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains multiresistant to antibiotics of animal origin.
Authorship
I.B.M.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
I.B.M.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
Plasmids are one of the main reasons for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors among bacterial strains. This study analyzed plasmid conjugation and its frequency. Furthermore, genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the donor and recipient strains and the resulting transconjugants was performed to analyze the role of conjugative plasmids in the physiology of recipient cells. The potential donor strains for the conjugation process were a collection of Escherichia coli O25b:H4-B2-ST131 clade B strains of porcine origin. The fact that these strains, despite their origin, belong to a clone typically associated with humans, such as ST131, makes them an unusual and highly interesting find. Furthermore, they present the ExPEC, APEC and UPEC pathotypes and are multidrug-resistant. The recipient strains were MG1655 and AAG1 (a mutant variant of MG1655) commensal strains of E. coli. Both the number of donor strains capable of conjugation and the number of transconjugants obtained, i.e., the conjugation frequency, showed very low values. Only two of the nine potential donor strains conjugated, and all with a conjugation frequency of less than 0.001%. The two plasmids that were successfully transferred belonged to the IncX4 and IncL/M families and conferred resistance to antibiotics not previously present in the recipient strains: penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins in both cases, and colistin in the case of the IncX4 plasmid, demonstrating the involvement of this mechanism in the spread of resistance. Despite these low transfer frequencies observed in vitro, horizontal plasmid transfer remains one of the main mechanisms responsible for gene dissemination among bacterial populations, facilitating their spread across different hosts and ecological niches. In this context, blocking conjugation components has been proposed as a promising strategy to curb the spread of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance. Overall, the findings of this study support the need to further understand the mechanisms involved in bacterial conjugation in E. coli strains that cause extraintestinal infections, in order to evaluate the feasibility of this strategy from a One Health perspective.
Plasmids are one of the main reasons for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors among bacterial strains. This study analyzed plasmid conjugation and its frequency. Furthermore, genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the donor and recipient strains and the resulting transconjugants was performed to analyze the role of conjugative plasmids in the physiology of recipient cells. The potential donor strains for the conjugation process were a collection of Escherichia coli O25b:H4-B2-ST131 clade B strains of porcine origin. The fact that these strains, despite their origin, belong to a clone typically associated with humans, such as ST131, makes them an unusual and highly interesting find. Furthermore, they present the ExPEC, APEC and UPEC pathotypes and are multidrug-resistant. The recipient strains were MG1655 and AAG1 (a mutant variant of MG1655) commensal strains of E. coli. Both the number of donor strains capable of conjugation and the number of transconjugants obtained, i.e., the conjugation frequency, showed very low values. Only two of the nine potential donor strains conjugated, and all with a conjugation frequency of less than 0.001%. The two plasmids that were successfully transferred belonged to the IncX4 and IncL/M families and conferred resistance to antibiotics not previously present in the recipient strains: penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins in both cases, and colistin in the case of the IncX4 plasmid, demonstrating the involvement of this mechanism in the spread of resistance. Despite these low transfer frequencies observed in vitro, horizontal plasmid transfer remains one of the main mechanisms responsible for gene dissemination among bacterial populations, facilitating their spread across different hosts and ecological niches. In this context, blocking conjugation components has been proposed as a promising strategy to curb the spread of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance. Overall, the findings of this study support the need to further understand the mechanisms involved in bacterial conjugation in E. coli strains that cause extraintestinal infections, in order to evaluate the feasibility of this strategy from a One Health perspective.
Direction
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Co-tutorships)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Co-tutorships)
Court
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
Food safety: game meat as a potential transmitter of high-risk Enterobacteriaceae clones
Authorship
C.D.B.A.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
C.D.B.A.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
Wild game meat, such as wild boar (Sus scrofa), presents microbiological risks that is not comparable to meat from farm animals, due to the absence of systematic health controls and differences in processing. In this study, 28 samples of wild boar meat intended for self-consumption were analyzed, obtained from authorized hunts in the Principality of Asturias (2024-2025 season). Escherichia coli ExPEC (7.1 %) and aEPEC (10.7 %) strains were recovered, with a total of 17.9 % of samples identified as carrying potentially zoonotic strains. Up to 10 different clonotypes were detected, including CH65-32 and CH45-97, associated with humans and animals. A total of 32.2 % of the samples harbored ESBL-producing strains, with several blaCTX-M types, predominantly the CTX-M-15 allele. One strain co-harbored blaCTX-M-15 and blaCMY-2, signaling the posible transfer of mobile genetic elements. At the phylogenetic level, group B1 was predominant, with the presence of group B2 (14.3 %), linked to human infections. Additionally, Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were recovered from 60.7 % of the samples, with an ESBL-producing strain (type CTX-M-15). Risk analysis revealed that even samples classified as “satisfactory” under standard microbiological criteria contained relevant risk indicators. In conclusion, wild boar meat intended for self-consumption can act as a vehicle for high-risk Enterobacteriaceae, such as K. pneumoniae and E. coli producing ESBL and/or carrying virulence factors, listed by the World Health Organization as critical pathogens in relation to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The high prevalence of K. pneumoniae recovered in the samples, although with a low proportion of ESBL producers, also calls for surveillance. Our results highlight the need to establish stricter controls over game meat and promote good hygienic practices in its handling to ensure food safety, in line with the “One Health” strategy.
Wild game meat, such as wild boar (Sus scrofa), presents microbiological risks that is not comparable to meat from farm animals, due to the absence of systematic health controls and differences in processing. In this study, 28 samples of wild boar meat intended for self-consumption were analyzed, obtained from authorized hunts in the Principality of Asturias (2024-2025 season). Escherichia coli ExPEC (7.1 %) and aEPEC (10.7 %) strains were recovered, with a total of 17.9 % of samples identified as carrying potentially zoonotic strains. Up to 10 different clonotypes were detected, including CH65-32 and CH45-97, associated with humans and animals. A total of 32.2 % of the samples harbored ESBL-producing strains, with several blaCTX-M types, predominantly the CTX-M-15 allele. One strain co-harbored blaCTX-M-15 and blaCMY-2, signaling the posible transfer of mobile genetic elements. At the phylogenetic level, group B1 was predominant, with the presence of group B2 (14.3 %), linked to human infections. Additionally, Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were recovered from 60.7 % of the samples, with an ESBL-producing strain (type CTX-M-15). Risk analysis revealed that even samples classified as “satisfactory” under standard microbiological criteria contained relevant risk indicators. In conclusion, wild boar meat intended for self-consumption can act as a vehicle for high-risk Enterobacteriaceae, such as K. pneumoniae and E. coli producing ESBL and/or carrying virulence factors, listed by the World Health Organization as critical pathogens in relation to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The high prevalence of K. pneumoniae recovered in the samples, although with a low proportion of ESBL producers, also calls for surveillance. Our results highlight the need to establish stricter controls over game meat and promote good hygienic practices in its handling to ensure food safety, in line with the “One Health” strategy.
Direction
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
GARCIA MENENDEZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
GARCIA MENENDEZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
Court
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
Angolan lyrical Anthology minimum script (2019) what traits of Angolanness?
Authorship
C.K.M.B.
Estudos Cursados ao Abeiro do Programa Erasmus
C.K.M.B.
Estudos Cursados ao Abeiro do Programa Erasmus
Defense date
07.15.2025 11:00
07.15.2025 11:00
Summary
This work investigates the existence, characteristics and possible relevance of Angolan Portuguese through a linguistic and literary analysis of the Angolan Lyrical Anthology: Minimum Script (2019). The study seeks to identify to what extent the cultural and linguistic elements of Angola, present in the selected poems, reflect the way in which Portuguese is used in the Angolan context. The anthology addresses Angolan poetry from the beginnings of the formation of the literary system to the third nationalist generation, which culminates in Angola's independence, highlighting expressions, slang, semantic constructions and phonological adaptations that differentiate Angolan Portuguese from the European and Brazilian varieties, which are the two currently recognized varieties. The texts cover the oral literature of authors such as António Jacinto, Viriato da Cruz, Manuel Rui, David Mestre and others, revealing the influence of local languages. Thus, investigating the presence and relevance of Angolan Portuguese from literature is to propose its valorization and attention for the enrichment of the Portuguese language, as well as for its speakers (Lusophony) and likewise to show how orality and local vocabulary enrich the Angolan literature, contributing to the construction of a linguistic and cultural identity.
This work investigates the existence, characteristics and possible relevance of Angolan Portuguese through a linguistic and literary analysis of the Angolan Lyrical Anthology: Minimum Script (2019). The study seeks to identify to what extent the cultural and linguistic elements of Angola, present in the selected poems, reflect the way in which Portuguese is used in the Angolan context. The anthology addresses Angolan poetry from the beginnings of the formation of the literary system to the third nationalist generation, which culminates in Angola's independence, highlighting expressions, slang, semantic constructions and phonological adaptations that differentiate Angolan Portuguese from the European and Brazilian varieties, which are the two currently recognized varieties. The texts cover the oral literature of authors such as António Jacinto, Viriato da Cruz, Manuel Rui, David Mestre and others, revealing the influence of local languages. Thus, investigating the presence and relevance of Angolan Portuguese from literature is to propose its valorization and attention for the enrichment of the Portuguese language, as well as for its speakers (Lusophony) and likewise to show how orality and local vocabulary enrich the Angolan literature, contributing to the construction of a linguistic and cultural identity.
Direction
FEIJO TORRES, ELIAS JOSE (Tutorships)
Killner , Mariana (Co-tutorships)
FEIJO TORRES, ELIAS JOSE (Tutorships)
Killner , Mariana (Co-tutorships)
Court
SOUTO CABO, JOSÉ ANTÓNIO (Chairman)
MORAN CABANAS, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
FORNEIRO PEREZ, JOSE LUIS (Member)
SOUTO CABO, JOSÉ ANTÓNIO (Chairman)
MORAN CABANAS, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
FORNEIRO PEREZ, JOSE LUIS (Member)
Stress and food choices: the role of emotional eating
Authorship
D.B.M.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
D.B.M.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:15
07.17.2025 09:15
Summary
Emotional eating (EE) is defined as the consumption of food in response to negative emotions such as anger or anxiety, without real physiological hunger. This behaviour is associated with a greater preference for ultra-processed foods and an increase in body mass index (BMI), making it a risk factor for the development of overweight and obesity. Perceived stress has been identified as a major trigger for EE, especially among women and young people, creating a vicious cycle between emotional distress and dysregulated eating. This study aims to analyse the relationship between stress, EE and body weight based on recent scientific literature. Findings reveal a clear association between stress and EE, as well as their negative influence on diet quality and BMI. The need for integrated interventions is emphasized, including emotional regulation strategies and approaches like mindful eating, to prevent inadequate eating behaviours and promote better overall health.
Emotional eating (EE) is defined as the consumption of food in response to negative emotions such as anger or anxiety, without real physiological hunger. This behaviour is associated with a greater preference for ultra-processed foods and an increase in body mass index (BMI), making it a risk factor for the development of overweight and obesity. Perceived stress has been identified as a major trigger for EE, especially among women and young people, creating a vicious cycle between emotional distress and dysregulated eating. This study aims to analyse the relationship between stress, EE and body weight based on recent scientific literature. Findings reveal a clear association between stress and EE, as well as their negative influence on diet quality and BMI. The need for integrated interventions is emphasized, including emotional regulation strategies and approaches like mindful eating, to prevent inadequate eating behaviours and promote better overall health.
Direction
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Co-tutorships)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Co-tutorships)
Court
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
Nutritional comparison of bee bread from different origins
Authorship
K.C.V.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
K.C.V.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:15
07.17.2025 09:15
Summary
Bee bread is the product resulting from the anaerobic lactic fermentation that takes place inside the cells of honeycombs containing honey, pollen and salivary secretions. It contains a wide variety of nutrients such as sugars, essential amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, minerals (potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium...), vitamins (vitamin C, tocopherol, vitamin A...) and phenolic acids, all of which make it an essential food for the growth of bee larvae. This product is consumed in Romania and Egypt and has recently gained interest in Canada and Japan, but Spain remains largely unknown. The aim of this work is to evaluate and compare the nutritional composition of bee bread samples from different countries, as well as to detect the possible presence of contaminants such as heavy metals and acaricides. Thirty-three samples from different geographical origins were analysed by analytical techniques such as ICP-MS and HPLC-MS/MS to determine 22 microelements and five acaricides, previously the whole acaricide method was optimised. The results of the analyses of these samples showed that the consumption of 3 g of bee bread can be used as an interesting food supplement, due to its varied and moderate contribution of micronutrients, providing 13% of the daily intake of iron, 5% of the daily intake of phosphorus and between 1% and 5% of magnesium, as well as potassium, sodium, calcium and zinc. With regard to the contaminants investigated, heavy metals and acaricides, there is a need to control and legislatively regulate this food in order to guarantee its commercial safety, since lead and the metabolite of amitraz (DMF) exceeded the MRLs established in European legislation for honey.
Bee bread is the product resulting from the anaerobic lactic fermentation that takes place inside the cells of honeycombs containing honey, pollen and salivary secretions. It contains a wide variety of nutrients such as sugars, essential amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, minerals (potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium...), vitamins (vitamin C, tocopherol, vitamin A...) and phenolic acids, all of which make it an essential food for the growth of bee larvae. This product is consumed in Romania and Egypt and has recently gained interest in Canada and Japan, but Spain remains largely unknown. The aim of this work is to evaluate and compare the nutritional composition of bee bread samples from different countries, as well as to detect the possible presence of contaminants such as heavy metals and acaricides. Thirty-three samples from different geographical origins were analysed by analytical techniques such as ICP-MS and HPLC-MS/MS to determine 22 microelements and five acaricides, previously the whole acaricide method was optimised. The results of the analyses of these samples showed that the consumption of 3 g of bee bread can be used as an interesting food supplement, due to its varied and moderate contribution of micronutrients, providing 13% of the daily intake of iron, 5% of the daily intake of phosphorus and between 1% and 5% of magnesium, as well as potassium, sodium, calcium and zinc. With regard to the contaminants investigated, heavy metals and acaricides, there is a need to control and legislatively regulate this food in order to guarantee its commercial safety, since lead and the metabolite of amitraz (DMF) exceeded the MRLs established in European legislation for honey.
Direction
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Tutorships)
Cepeda Sáez, Alberto (Co-tutorships)
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Tutorships)
Cepeda Sáez, Alberto (Co-tutorships)
Court
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
Characterization of plasmids from extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains multiresistant to antibiotics of human origin.
Authorship
M.C.S.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
M.C.S.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
The progressive increase in acquired antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is promoting the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) clones, which poses a significant threat to modern medicine. One of the main pathways for the transmission of resistance and virulence genes is the acquisition of plasmids through the process of conjugation. Studying the mechanisms involved in the transfer and stabilization of these epidemic plasmids represents a key strategic line to curb the spread of multidrug resistance. In this context, we analyzed a collection of eight extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains belonging to the E. coli ST131 clone (identified as one of the main global vectors of ESBL dissemination) isolated from extraintestinal infections. We conducted in vitro conjugation experiments and performed molecular and phenotypic characterization of both donor strains and their transconjugants. Following an initial characterization, seven of the eight strains were selected as donors for the conjugation assays. Of these, only one was able to transfer conjugative plasmids under the tested conditions, and the conjugation frequencies were very low. The molecular and phenotypic characterization of the resulting transconjugant strain confirmed the role of an IncF multireplicon plasmid (IncFII/IncFIB), carrying a MOBF12-type relaxase, in the physiology of the recipient strains AAG1 and MG1655. Its involvement in the transfer of virulence genes associated with the UPEC pathotype was also confirmed. Additionally, we verified the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the acquisition of beta-lactam resistance genes. The effect of this plasmid on motility and hemolysin production in the recipient strains was also evaluated, showing that its acquisition did not alter these physiological traits. In conclusion, this study successfully achieved the horizontal transfer of an IncF plasmid, validating previous genotypic analyses and enabling the evaluation of its impact on bacterial physiology. Further research is needed to optimize conjugation protocols and promote the expression of these mechanisms in ST131 strains.
The progressive increase in acquired antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is promoting the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) clones, which poses a significant threat to modern medicine. One of the main pathways for the transmission of resistance and virulence genes is the acquisition of plasmids through the process of conjugation. Studying the mechanisms involved in the transfer and stabilization of these epidemic plasmids represents a key strategic line to curb the spread of multidrug resistance. In this context, we analyzed a collection of eight extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains belonging to the E. coli ST131 clone (identified as one of the main global vectors of ESBL dissemination) isolated from extraintestinal infections. We conducted in vitro conjugation experiments and performed molecular and phenotypic characterization of both donor strains and their transconjugants. Following an initial characterization, seven of the eight strains were selected as donors for the conjugation assays. Of these, only one was able to transfer conjugative plasmids under the tested conditions, and the conjugation frequencies were very low. The molecular and phenotypic characterization of the resulting transconjugant strain confirmed the role of an IncF multireplicon plasmid (IncFII/IncFIB), carrying a MOBF12-type relaxase, in the physiology of the recipient strains AAG1 and MG1655. Its involvement in the transfer of virulence genes associated with the UPEC pathotype was also confirmed. Additionally, we verified the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the acquisition of beta-lactam resistance genes. The effect of this plasmid on motility and hemolysin production in the recipient strains was also evaluated, showing that its acquisition did not alter these physiological traits. In conclusion, this study successfully achieved the horizontal transfer of an IncF plasmid, validating previous genotypic analyses and enabling the evaluation of its impact on bacterial physiology. Further research is needed to optimize conjugation protocols and promote the expression of these mechanisms in ST131 strains.
Direction
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Tutorships)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Co-tutorships)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Tutorships)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
Commercial food guide for dysphagia patients according to the IDDSI standard
Authorship
A.C.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
A.C.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:15
07.17.2025 09:15
Summary
Dysphagia is defined as difficulty swallowing and is a medical condition that affects numerous patients, compromising their nutritional status and quality of life. Often, the diet of these individuals must be adapted by modifying the consistency and viscosity of foods to ensure safe eating. The IDDSI (International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative) standard was created to develop global terminology and definitions that precisely describe the consistency of foods and beverages intended for individuals with dysphagia, through different levels recognized internationally. The aim of this work is to develop a guide of commercial foods suitable for people suffering from this disorder, evaluating their textures based on the eight levels established by the IDDSI. In this study, 82 products available in supermarkets were analysed using the standardized IDDSI testing methods. The products were organized into five major food groups: dairy and derivatives, meat and meat-based prepared dishes, fish and seafood, vegetables, legumes and derivatives, and fruits and fruit-based products. The results were presented in a guide that included visual, descriptive, nutritional information and the IDDSI level of each product. In addition, practical recommendations were proposed for patients and their caregivers or family members, facilitating the selection of ready-to-eat commercial foods that allow safe consumption. With this guide, the goal is to make feeding easier for patients with dysphagia, reducing the need for commercial thickeners and adding variety to their diet, optimizing the dietary approach. The result of this work is a useful and accessible tool that promotes a better quality of life for people affected by dysphagia.
Dysphagia is defined as difficulty swallowing and is a medical condition that affects numerous patients, compromising their nutritional status and quality of life. Often, the diet of these individuals must be adapted by modifying the consistency and viscosity of foods to ensure safe eating. The IDDSI (International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative) standard was created to develop global terminology and definitions that precisely describe the consistency of foods and beverages intended for individuals with dysphagia, through different levels recognized internationally. The aim of this work is to develop a guide of commercial foods suitable for people suffering from this disorder, evaluating their textures based on the eight levels established by the IDDSI. In this study, 82 products available in supermarkets were analysed using the standardized IDDSI testing methods. The products were organized into five major food groups: dairy and derivatives, meat and meat-based prepared dishes, fish and seafood, vegetables, legumes and derivatives, and fruits and fruit-based products. The results were presented in a guide that included visual, descriptive, nutritional information and the IDDSI level of each product. In addition, practical recommendations were proposed for patients and their caregivers or family members, facilitating the selection of ready-to-eat commercial foods that allow safe consumption. With this guide, the goal is to make feeding easier for patients with dysphagia, reducing the need for commercial thickeners and adding variety to their diet, optimizing the dietary approach. The result of this work is a useful and accessible tool that promotes a better quality of life for people affected by dysphagia.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
Study of the m6A regulators in RNA in accelerated aging and in rejuvenation through somatic cellular reprogramming
Authorship
A.C.Q.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
A.C.Q.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
This undergraduate thesis focuses on the study of epitranscriptomic regulators of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in RNA, a key mechanism in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression. The research addresses two opposing biological scenarios: accelerated aging, using the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) model, and cellular rejuvenation, through somatic reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In the first part of the study, a transcriptomic dataset from mouse fibroblasts homozygous for progerin expression was analyzed using bioinformatic tools such as BioJupies and Morpheus. The expression levels of Mettl3, Mettl14, Mettl16, Fto, and Alkbh5 showed no significant differences between HGPS and control samples. This suggests that the functional regulation of these enzymes may not rely solely on transcriptional expression. In the second part, an in silico study of the expression of m6A regulators was conducted using publicly available high-throughput sequencing data from somatic cell reprogramming, as well as an experimental model of somatic cell reprogramming by infecting mouse fibroblasts with a lentiviral vector expressing the Yamanaka factors (OKSM). It was observed that the expression levels of Mettl3 and Mettl14 progressively increase during the process. Furthermore, knockdown of Mettl3 using shRNA resulted in reduced reprogramming efficiency, as evidenced by a decrease in Nanog-positive cells. Altogether, the results indicate that m6A regulators are not transcriptionally altered in progeria, but they appear to play a role in establishing the pluripotent state. These findings position RNA methylation as a key factor in the control of cell identity and in the regulation of cellular aging, opening new avenues for research into anti-aging and regenerative therapies.
This undergraduate thesis focuses on the study of epitranscriptomic regulators of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in RNA, a key mechanism in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression. The research addresses two opposing biological scenarios: accelerated aging, using the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) model, and cellular rejuvenation, through somatic reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In the first part of the study, a transcriptomic dataset from mouse fibroblasts homozygous for progerin expression was analyzed using bioinformatic tools such as BioJupies and Morpheus. The expression levels of Mettl3, Mettl14, Mettl16, Fto, and Alkbh5 showed no significant differences between HGPS and control samples. This suggests that the functional regulation of these enzymes may not rely solely on transcriptional expression. In the second part, an in silico study of the expression of m6A regulators was conducted using publicly available high-throughput sequencing data from somatic cell reprogramming, as well as an experimental model of somatic cell reprogramming by infecting mouse fibroblasts with a lentiviral vector expressing the Yamanaka factors (OKSM). It was observed that the expression levels of Mettl3 and Mettl14 progressively increase during the process. Furthermore, knockdown of Mettl3 using shRNA resulted in reduced reprogramming efficiency, as evidenced by a decrease in Nanog-positive cells. Altogether, the results indicate that m6A regulators are not transcriptionally altered in progeria, but they appear to play a role in establishing the pluripotent state. These findings position RNA methylation as a key factor in the control of cell identity and in the regulation of cellular aging, opening new avenues for research into anti-aging and regenerative therapies.
Direction
BARCIA VIEITEZ, RAMIRO (Tutorships)
Covelo Molares, Helena (Co-tutorships)
GUALLAR ARTAL, DIANA (Co-tutorships)
BARCIA VIEITEZ, RAMIRO (Tutorships)
Covelo Molares, Helena (Co-tutorships)
GUALLAR ARTAL, DIANA (Co-tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
Phenotypic characterization for a mutant zebrafish line for the RFT1 gene.
Authorship
I.C.P.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
I.C.P.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
Glycosylation is a post-translational modification, of which there are several types, taking place in different cell compartments. Any alteration in genes, such as RFT1, involved in this pathway causes so-called congenital glycosylation disorders (CDG). The RFT1 gene could encode for a transporter that participates in the N-glycosylation pathway. In the present work, zebrafish was used as an experimental model to elucidate some of the effects of mutation on this gene. The aim of the research was to determine the impact of the mutation on survival and tissue regeneration. To achieve the objectives, genotyping, fin cutting and various statistical analyses were carried out. The results obtained showed that homozygous individuals for the mutation had a lower survival rate, as well as a significantly lower caudal fin regeneration compared to heterozygote and wild-type individuals. In addition, these symptoms were correlated with those described in patients with CDG. With all this, it was concluded that the mutation in gene rft1 affected the larval development of zebrafish, as well as preventing the correct tissue regeneration, in this case, the caudal fin.
Glycosylation is a post-translational modification, of which there are several types, taking place in different cell compartments. Any alteration in genes, such as RFT1, involved in this pathway causes so-called congenital glycosylation disorders (CDG). The RFT1 gene could encode for a transporter that participates in the N-glycosylation pathway. In the present work, zebrafish was used as an experimental model to elucidate some of the effects of mutation on this gene. The aim of the research was to determine the impact of the mutation on survival and tissue regeneration. To achieve the objectives, genotyping, fin cutting and various statistical analyses were carried out. The results obtained showed that homozygous individuals for the mutation had a lower survival rate, as well as a significantly lower caudal fin regeneration compared to heterozygote and wild-type individuals. In addition, these symptoms were correlated with those described in patients with CDG. With all this, it was concluded that the mutation in gene rft1 affected the larval development of zebrafish, as well as preventing the correct tissue regeneration, in this case, the caudal fin.
Direction
SÁNCHEZ PIÑÓN, LAURA ELENA (Tutorships)
GANDOY FIEIRAS, NEREA (Co-tutorships)
SÁNCHEZ PIÑÓN, LAURA ELENA (Tutorships)
GANDOY FIEIRAS, NEREA (Co-tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
Optimizing in vitro digestion for starchy foods.
Authorship
R.C.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
R.C.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:15
07.17.2025 09:15
Summary
In vitro simulation of gastrointestinal digestion has become a key tool for studying the behavior of food during its passage through the digestive tract. This methodology enables the assessment of nutrient release, the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds, and the effectiveness of food formulations under controlled conditions. Within this context, the INFOGEST protocol has emerged as the international standard for statically replicating the oral, gastric, and intestinal phases. However, its effectiveness against certain starch-rich matrices still shows some limitations. The aim of this study was to optimize the INFOGEST protocol to enhance starch digestibility in complex food matrices. To achieve this, different casein/agar proportions (25/75, 50/50, 75/25, and 100% casein) were tested, along with the effect of extending digestion time to 24 hours, the use of the protease inhibitor Pefabloc, and amylase supplementation. In addition, the in vitro results were compared to those obtained from in vivo digestion using a porcine model. Techniques such as mass balance, glucose and residual starch quantification, confocal microscopy, DLS, and Z-potential analysis were employed to assess digestive performance. Results demonstrated that the combination of prolonged digestion, protease inhibition, and amylase addition led to digestion levels comparable to those observed in vivo. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring in vitro digestion protocols to the nature of the tested samples, reinforcing their role as predictive tools in the development of functional foods, nutritional research, and bioavailability studies.
In vitro simulation of gastrointestinal digestion has become a key tool for studying the behavior of food during its passage through the digestive tract. This methodology enables the assessment of nutrient release, the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds, and the effectiveness of food formulations under controlled conditions. Within this context, the INFOGEST protocol has emerged as the international standard for statically replicating the oral, gastric, and intestinal phases. However, its effectiveness against certain starch-rich matrices still shows some limitations. The aim of this study was to optimize the INFOGEST protocol to enhance starch digestibility in complex food matrices. To achieve this, different casein/agar proportions (25/75, 50/50, 75/25, and 100% casein) were tested, along with the effect of extending digestion time to 24 hours, the use of the protease inhibitor Pefabloc, and amylase supplementation. In addition, the in vitro results were compared to those obtained from in vivo digestion using a porcine model. Techniques such as mass balance, glucose and residual starch quantification, confocal microscopy, DLS, and Z-potential analysis were employed to assess digestive performance. Results demonstrated that the combination of prolonged digestion, protease inhibition, and amylase addition led to digestion levels comparable to those observed in vivo. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring in vitro digestion protocols to the nature of the tested samples, reinforcing their role as predictive tools in the development of functional foods, nutritional research, and bioavailability studies.
Direction
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
Correa Marcano, Yubexi Yakari (Co-tutorships)
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
Correa Marcano, Yubexi Yakari (Co-tutorships)
Court
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
Fermented foods and their impactan mental health
Authorship
H.E.B.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
H.E.B.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:15
07.17.2025 09:15
Summary
In recent years, there has been extensive research on the connection between gut microbiota and mental health. It has been observed that the balance of intestinal bacteria can influence mood, stress, and anxiety. Within this context, fermented foods rich in probiotics and other beneficial compounds may play an important role in mental well being. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between the consumption of fermented foods and mental health, exploring how these foods may affect disorders such as anxiety and depression. To this end, a literature review of recent studies will be conducted to examine their impact on gut microbiota and the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and GABA. The findings show that commonly consumed fermented foods contain microorganism and bioactive metabolites that can positively modulate the gut microbiota and the gut-brain axis. This translates into potencial improvements in mood, stress reduction, and cognitive function, supporting their use as a nutritional complement for mental health.
In recent years, there has been extensive research on the connection between gut microbiota and mental health. It has been observed that the balance of intestinal bacteria can influence mood, stress, and anxiety. Within this context, fermented foods rich in probiotics and other beneficial compounds may play an important role in mental well being. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between the consumption of fermented foods and mental health, exploring how these foods may affect disorders such as anxiety and depression. To this end, a literature review of recent studies will be conducted to examine their impact on gut microbiota and the production of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and GABA. The findings show that commonly consumed fermented foods contain microorganism and bioactive metabolites that can positively modulate the gut microbiota and the gut-brain axis. This translates into potencial improvements in mood, stress reduction, and cognitive function, supporting their use as a nutritional complement for mental health.
Direction
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
Establishment and characterization of a cell line of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) to develop gene editing assays.
Authorship
P.E.D.L.I.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
P.E.D.L.I.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
Senegalese sole is an emerging species in aquaculture, and one of the main challenges to improving its production is sex control. The difference in growth rate between females and males favors the selection of all female lines for farming. Additionally, recent research has identified the fshr gene as the key regulator of sex determination in this species, facilitating the creation of such lines. However, progress in genetic editing techniques and functional validation has been limited by the lack of Solea senegalensis specific cell lines. The establishment of a stable cell line would enable more ethical and efficient in vitro assays, accelerating molecular and functional studies in this species. This study focused on establishing and characterizing a permanent cell line derived from the anterior kidney of Solea senegalensis. To achieve this, techniques such as immortalization via infection with Snakehead Retrovirus were developed, allowing the generation of cells with stable growth, typical fibroblastic morphology, and rapid proliferation. Growth was assessed at different temperatures, determining that tewnty seven degrees is the optimal condition for proliferation. Chromosomal analysis revealed a karyotype of forty two chromosomes, consistent with the expected diploid complement, with minor variations attributable to the immortalization process. Additionally, electroporation protocols were optimized to introduce CRISPRCas complexes targeting the fshr gene. Transfection efficiency was verified using fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Overall, these results validate the SSK cell line as a robust model for future genetic and functional studies in Solea senegalensis, facilitating the improvement related to the aquaculture of this species.
Senegalese sole is an emerging species in aquaculture, and one of the main challenges to improving its production is sex control. The difference in growth rate between females and males favors the selection of all female lines for farming. Additionally, recent research has identified the fshr gene as the key regulator of sex determination in this species, facilitating the creation of such lines. However, progress in genetic editing techniques and functional validation has been limited by the lack of Solea senegalensis specific cell lines. The establishment of a stable cell line would enable more ethical and efficient in vitro assays, accelerating molecular and functional studies in this species. This study focused on establishing and characterizing a permanent cell line derived from the anterior kidney of Solea senegalensis. To achieve this, techniques such as immortalization via infection with Snakehead Retrovirus were developed, allowing the generation of cells with stable growth, typical fibroblastic morphology, and rapid proliferation. Growth was assessed at different temperatures, determining that tewnty seven degrees is the optimal condition for proliferation. Chromosomal analysis revealed a karyotype of forty two chromosomes, consistent with the expected diploid complement, with minor variations attributable to the immortalization process. Additionally, electroporation protocols were optimized to introduce CRISPRCas complexes targeting the fshr gene. Transfection efficiency was verified using fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Overall, these results validate the SSK cell line as a robust model for future genetic and functional studies in Solea senegalensis, facilitating the improvement related to the aquaculture of this species.
Direction
SÁNCHEZ PIÑÓN, LAURA ELENA (Tutorships)
CARBALLEDA ALVAREZ, MAIALEN (Co-tutorships)
SÁNCHEZ PIÑÓN, LAURA ELENA (Tutorships)
CARBALLEDA ALVAREZ, MAIALEN (Co-tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
Secondary resistome gene deletion of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli of animal and/or human origin
Authorship
N.F.P.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
N.F.P.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
The rapid global spread of antimicrobial resistance is one of the main threats to current public health. The scarcity of effective treatments for infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) underscores the urgent need to develop new therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. In this context, the WHO has classified third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae as a critical priority, due to their potential to cause serious infections and the limited effective therapies available to combat them. This study investigates the role of the mnmA gene, belonging to the secondary resistome (RS) of Escherichia coli, against cefotaxime (CTX) in clinical E.coli strains resistant to this antibiotic, since the proteins encoded by RS genes could represent targets for adjuvant drugs. Using site-directed mutagenesis, the mnmA gene was deleted and replaced by a Kan resistance cassette encoded on the pKD4 plasmid. The CTX resistance profile of the obtained mutant colonies was determined by the analysis of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and compared with the values obtained in the corresponding wild-type strains. Additionally, we evaluated whether mnmA gene deletion affected the growth of the strains in the presence of CTX (at approximately 1/2 the wild-type strain’s determined MIC) and, therefore, their susceptibility to the antibiotic, using a Time Kill Assay. The results showed that mnmA is part of the RS of E.coli against CTX, as its deletion increases bacterial susceptibility to the antibiotic observing a decrease in CTX MIC in mutant strains (4-8-fold) compared to their corresponding wild-type strains. In addition, the Time Kill Assay in the presence of CTX showed a gradual reduction in CFU/mL over time in the mutant strains compared to wild-type strains.
The rapid global spread of antimicrobial resistance is one of the main threats to current public health. The scarcity of effective treatments for infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) underscores the urgent need to develop new therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. In this context, the WHO has classified third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae as a critical priority, due to their potential to cause serious infections and the limited effective therapies available to combat them. This study investigates the role of the mnmA gene, belonging to the secondary resistome (RS) of Escherichia coli, against cefotaxime (CTX) in clinical E.coli strains resistant to this antibiotic, since the proteins encoded by RS genes could represent targets for adjuvant drugs. Using site-directed mutagenesis, the mnmA gene was deleted and replaced by a Kan resistance cassette encoded on the pKD4 plasmid. The CTX resistance profile of the obtained mutant colonies was determined by the analysis of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and compared with the values obtained in the corresponding wild-type strains. Additionally, we evaluated whether mnmA gene deletion affected the growth of the strains in the presence of CTX (at approximately 1/2 the wild-type strain’s determined MIC) and, therefore, their susceptibility to the antibiotic, using a Time Kill Assay. The results showed that mnmA is part of the RS of E.coli against CTX, as its deletion increases bacterial susceptibility to the antibiotic observing a decrease in CTX MIC in mutant strains (4-8-fold) compared to their corresponding wild-type strains. In addition, the Time Kill Assay in the presence of CTX showed a gradual reduction in CFU/mL over time in the mutant strains compared to wild-type strains.
Direction
FRESNO HERRERO, ANA (Tutorships)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Co-tutorships)
FRESNO HERRERO, ANA (Tutorships)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Co-tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
Antioxidants and sports performance improvement: Myth or reality?
Authorship
D.F.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
D.F.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:15
07.17.2025 09:15
Summary
The research being conducted focuses on the role of antioxidants in enhancing athletic performance, exploring whether their use is truly beneficial or potentially harmful. To properly understand this study, it is essential to become familiar with key concepts such as reactive species (RS) and antioxidants. RS, which include free radicals and other oxidizing molecules, are byproducts of cellular metabolism that can damage proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. However, they also play essential roles in biological processes such as apoptosis and immune responses. On the other hand, antioxidants, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, work by neutralizing these reactive species, thereby protecting the body from oxidative stress. This work explores the complex interaction between physical exercise, RS production, and the role of antioxidants, analyzing how these dynamics influence athletic performance and overall health.
The research being conducted focuses on the role of antioxidants in enhancing athletic performance, exploring whether their use is truly beneficial or potentially harmful. To properly understand this study, it is essential to become familiar with key concepts such as reactive species (RS) and antioxidants. RS, which include free radicals and other oxidizing molecules, are byproducts of cellular metabolism that can damage proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. However, they also play essential roles in biological processes such as apoptosis and immune responses. On the other hand, antioxidants, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, work by neutralizing these reactive species, thereby protecting the body from oxidative stress. This work explores the complex interaction between physical exercise, RS production, and the role of antioxidants, analyzing how these dynamics influence athletic performance and overall health.
Direction
BARCIA VIEITEZ, RAMIRO (Tutorships)
BARCIA VIEITEZ, RAMIRO (Tutorships)
Court
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
Presence of Pharmaceuticals in Drinking Water in Spain
Authorship
A.F.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
A.F.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.17.2025 09:15
07.17.2025 09:15
Summary
The presence of pharmaceuticals in water intended for human consumption is a growing concern due to its potential implications for both public health and the environment. Despite advances in water treatment and quality control systems, particularly in drinking water treatment plants, numerous investigations have detected residues of pharmaceuticals in drinking water, raising questions about the possible long-term effects of such exposure, even at low concentrations. The aim of this research was to assess the current situation in Spain regarding the presence of pharmaceuticals based on published data and estimate the intake by the Spanish population. To this end, a bibliographic review was conducted on studies carried out in different regions of Spain, focusing on the detection of pharmaceuticals in tap water, groundwater, bottled water, and treated water. Based on these data, the estimated daily and annual intake of various pharmaceutical compounds was calculated, as well as their potential effects on human health. The results show that studies have only been conducted in seven autonomous communities, and although the concentrations found are usually very low, chronic exposure could have health implications, especially due to their relation to bacterial resistance, alteration of the gut microbiota, and cumulative toxicity.
The presence of pharmaceuticals in water intended for human consumption is a growing concern due to its potential implications for both public health and the environment. Despite advances in water treatment and quality control systems, particularly in drinking water treatment plants, numerous investigations have detected residues of pharmaceuticals in drinking water, raising questions about the possible long-term effects of such exposure, even at low concentrations. The aim of this research was to assess the current situation in Spain regarding the presence of pharmaceuticals based on published data and estimate the intake by the Spanish population. To this end, a bibliographic review was conducted on studies carried out in different regions of Spain, focusing on the detection of pharmaceuticals in tap water, groundwater, bottled water, and treated water. Based on these data, the estimated daily and annual intake of various pharmaceutical compounds was calculated, as well as their potential effects on human health. The results show that studies have only been conducted in seven autonomous communities, and although the concentrations found are usually very low, chronic exposure could have health implications, especially due to their relation to bacterial resistance, alteration of the gut microbiota, and cumulative toxicity.
Direction
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Tutorships)
Míguez Suárez, Gabriel (Co-tutorships)
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Tutorships)
Míguez Suárez, Gabriel (Co-tutorships)
Court
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
MEIJIDE DEL RIO, FRANCISCO ANGEL (Chairman)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Secretary)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Member)
Nutritional education porject for the prevention of childhood obesity in rural areas in Carballo
Authorship
I.F.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
I.F.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Obesity is defined as the abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that can be harmful to health. To determine the existence of childhood overweight and/or obesity, the World Health Organization (WHO) established growth patterns based on age and sex. Due to this growing concern about an increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity in recent decades, the idea of this nutritional education program aimed at children between 10 and 11 years of age entitled: Nutritional education project for the prevention of childhood obesity in rural areas in Carballo. The project will consist of a series of both theoretical and practical workshops to be carried out in the classrooms, in the school cafeteria and also in the areas adjacent to the schools. The target population of the project is the students in the 5th grade of primary school. The objectives of this project are to raise awareness about the seriousness of overweight and obesity in childhood and to promote healthy habits, physical exercise and the follow-up of the Atlantic diet at school and at home. The workshops will take place during the 3rd school term, which takes place in the months of April and lasts until July. This quarter was selected due to the interest in promoting physical exercise in nature and thus being able to carry out activities in the nature areas that surround the schools. In addition to primary school 5 students, their family members will be asked to participate during several sessions. These workshops will have ICT resources, as well as forms, that will allow us to understand the influence of this type of nutritional education on eating and healthy habits.
Obesity is defined as the abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that can be harmful to health. To determine the existence of childhood overweight and/or obesity, the World Health Organization (WHO) established growth patterns based on age and sex. Due to this growing concern about an increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity in recent decades, the idea of this nutritional education program aimed at children between 10 and 11 years of age entitled: Nutritional education project for the prevention of childhood obesity in rural areas in Carballo. The project will consist of a series of both theoretical and practical workshops to be carried out in the classrooms, in the school cafeteria and also in the areas adjacent to the schools. The target population of the project is the students in the 5th grade of primary school. The objectives of this project are to raise awareness about the seriousness of overweight and obesity in childhood and to promote healthy habits, physical exercise and the follow-up of the Atlantic diet at school and at home. The workshops will take place during the 3rd school term, which takes place in the months of April and lasts until July. This quarter was selected due to the interest in promoting physical exercise in nature and thus being able to carry out activities in the nature areas that surround the schools. In addition to primary school 5 students, their family members will be asked to participate during several sessions. These workshops will have ICT resources, as well as forms, that will allow us to understand the influence of this type of nutritional education on eating and healthy habits.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
Evidence-based differential nutritional approach in IBD, IBS and SIBO.
Authorship
D.F.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
D.F.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) are conditions that share multiple clinical manifestations, have a high prevalence, and have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. Recently, dietary and nutritional management has gained relevance as a therapeutic tool in their treatment. However, the available evidence on its effectiveness in each condition remains limited. The aim of this work was to analyse, through a narrative review, dietary strategies with therapeutic potential in IBD, IBS, and SIBO, evaluating the evidence regarding their effectiveness in each case, clinical applicability, and associated risks. To this end, a literature search was conducted using the digital tools PubMed and Iacobus, selecting relevant studies published between 2015 and 2025. The results show that dietary interventions should be individualised according to the condition and predominant symptoms. In IBD, strategies such as nutritional screening and the use of balanced patterns like the Mediterranean diet during remission phases are prioritised, or restrictive patterns like the low FODMAP diet when digestive symptoms are present; in IBS, the approach is adapted to the clinical subtype, using traditional dietary advice or the NICE guideline as the first line, and reserving diets such as low FODMAPs for persistent cases; whereas in SIBO, treatment should begin with a thorough clinical evaluation and the exclusion of associated conditions, before considering diets such as low FODMAP or elemental, due to long-term risks. The use of supplements (such as soluble fibre, vitamin D, or probiotics) has been explored in all three conditions, although with stronger support in IBD. Overall, professional follow-up and the need for better-designed studies remain essential to achieve appropriate treatment.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) are conditions that share multiple clinical manifestations, have a high prevalence, and have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. Recently, dietary and nutritional management has gained relevance as a therapeutic tool in their treatment. However, the available evidence on its effectiveness in each condition remains limited. The aim of this work was to analyse, through a narrative review, dietary strategies with therapeutic potential in IBD, IBS, and SIBO, evaluating the evidence regarding their effectiveness in each case, clinical applicability, and associated risks. To this end, a literature search was conducted using the digital tools PubMed and Iacobus, selecting relevant studies published between 2015 and 2025. The results show that dietary interventions should be individualised according to the condition and predominant symptoms. In IBD, strategies such as nutritional screening and the use of balanced patterns like the Mediterranean diet during remission phases are prioritised, or restrictive patterns like the low FODMAP diet when digestive symptoms are present; in IBS, the approach is adapted to the clinical subtype, using traditional dietary advice or the NICE guideline as the first line, and reserving diets such as low FODMAPs for persistent cases; whereas in SIBO, treatment should begin with a thorough clinical evaluation and the exclusion of associated conditions, before considering diets such as low FODMAP or elemental, due to long-term risks. The use of supplements (such as soluble fibre, vitamin D, or probiotics) has been explored in all three conditions, although with stronger support in IBD. Overall, professional follow-up and the need for better-designed studies remain essential to achieve appropriate treatment.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
Entomophagy: acceptance in Galicia
Authorship
I.F.A.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
I.F.A.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Insects have been part of the human diet for many years and today they are still a traditional food in many cultures, providing nutritional, ecological, and economic benefits. In recent years, there has been concern about the near future of the agri-food system, as protein production is becoming increasingly unsustainable. Therefore, research is being conducted into new food alternatives, such as entomophagy. Based on this, the following Final Degree Project was proposed with the objective of determining the perception of the Galician population towards insect consumption and sensory acceptance after consuming a product made with insect flour. It also aims to verify whether there are differences in opinions according to demographic variables such as age, sex, or educational level, and to identify the factors influencing their willingness to incorporate insects into their diet. Two questionnaires were developed to carry out the study. The research highlights that a positive perception of the nutritional value and food safety of insects are key factors for their acceptance. However, important barriers are identified, such as tradition, aversion to a possible unpleasant taste and/or texture, and certain cultural reluctance. In the hedonic test, it can be seen that by replacing part of the conventional flour with cricket flour, it is possible to obtain an insect-based product with a higher protein content that is accepted by the people who try it. It is demonstrated that most of the participants in the test are already more predisposed to consuming insects. In short, the results suggest that although the introduction of insects into the Spanish diet faces many challenges, there are favorable prospects for their future acceptance.
Insects have been part of the human diet for many years and today they are still a traditional food in many cultures, providing nutritional, ecological, and economic benefits. In recent years, there has been concern about the near future of the agri-food system, as protein production is becoming increasingly unsustainable. Therefore, research is being conducted into new food alternatives, such as entomophagy. Based on this, the following Final Degree Project was proposed with the objective of determining the perception of the Galician population towards insect consumption and sensory acceptance after consuming a product made with insect flour. It also aims to verify whether there are differences in opinions according to demographic variables such as age, sex, or educational level, and to identify the factors influencing their willingness to incorporate insects into their diet. Two questionnaires were developed to carry out the study. The research highlights that a positive perception of the nutritional value and food safety of insects are key factors for their acceptance. However, important barriers are identified, such as tradition, aversion to a possible unpleasant taste and/or texture, and certain cultural reluctance. In the hedonic test, it can be seen that by replacing part of the conventional flour with cricket flour, it is possible to obtain an insect-based product with a higher protein content that is accepted by the people who try it. It is demonstrated that most of the participants in the test are already more predisposed to consuming insects. In short, the results suggest that although the introduction of insects into the Spanish diet faces many challenges, there are favorable prospects for their future acceptance.
Direction
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
Court
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
Application of Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Methods for Protein Study of dairy origin
Authorship
A.Y.G.S.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
A.Y.G.S.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
Milk and its derivatives are an essential source of protein in the human diet, especially caseins, which represent approximately 80 per cent of the total protein content. These proteins not only perform nutritional functions but also influence the texture, stability, and technological value of dairy products. Due to their importance, analytical methods are needed to accurately and specifically identify and quantify them in different food matrices. This study seeks to develop an analytical method based on mass spectrometry in MRM (Multiple Reaction Monitoring) mode coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC MS MS), with the aim of simultaneously identifying and quantifying four main types of caseins (alpha one, alpha two, betta, and K) in dairy products. To this end, a bottom-up proteomics approach was followed, which consists of the enzymatic digestion of the proteins present in the sample before analysis. Furthermore, the AQUA (Absolute Quantification) method was used, which allows absolute quantification thanks to the use of isotopically labeled synthetic peptides that behave identically to their endogenous counterparts. After optimizing the chromatographic and spectrometric conditions, the method was applied to five dairy matrices: milk, milkshake, yogurt, ice cream, and cheese, both as raw materials and as final products. The results revealed variations in the concentration of the different caseins attributable to industrial processing. This study demonstrates the usefulness of applying proteomic techniques for the analysis of dairy proteins.
Milk and its derivatives are an essential source of protein in the human diet, especially caseins, which represent approximately 80 per cent of the total protein content. These proteins not only perform nutritional functions but also influence the texture, stability, and technological value of dairy products. Due to their importance, analytical methods are needed to accurately and specifically identify and quantify them in different food matrices. This study seeks to develop an analytical method based on mass spectrometry in MRM (Multiple Reaction Monitoring) mode coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC MS MS), with the aim of simultaneously identifying and quantifying four main types of caseins (alpha one, alpha two, betta, and K) in dairy products. To this end, a bottom-up proteomics approach was followed, which consists of the enzymatic digestion of the proteins present in the sample before analysis. Furthermore, the AQUA (Absolute Quantification) method was used, which allows absolute quantification thanks to the use of isotopically labeled synthetic peptides that behave identically to their endogenous counterparts. After optimizing the chromatographic and spectrometric conditions, the method was applied to five dairy matrices: milk, milkshake, yogurt, ice cream, and cheese, both as raw materials and as final products. The results revealed variations in the concentration of the different caseins attributable to industrial processing. This study demonstrates the usefulness of applying proteomic techniques for the analysis of dairy proteins.
Direction
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Exposito Castro, M.Ángeles (Co-tutorships)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Exposito Castro, M.Ángeles (Co-tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
New biomimetic manganese catalysts: study of their antioxidant activity.
Authorship
A.G.L.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
A.G.L.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
Manganese is an esencial metal which participates in numerous biological processes. It is part of the active site or acts as a cofactor of natural antioxidants. Hence, the application of manganese complexes shows potencial as an antioxidant enzyme biomimetic model. The role of these enzymes is to neutralize reactive oxygen species, which are strong oxidants that cause oxidative stress, in order to maintain biological balance and avoid cellular damage. These synthetic antioxidants have advantages comparing them to natural antioxidants because of their characteristics, such as their low molecular weight and their low production costs. Therefore, they are an alternative to natural antioxidants therapy. In this project, we synthesized a metal manganese complex using a base Schiff ligand obtained by condensation of 1,2diaminopropane and 2hydroxy3metoxybenzaldehyde. The complex was characterized by conductivity studies, IR and ultraviolet visible espectroscopies, X ray cristallography and mass spectrometry among other analysis. Its redox potencial was tested by cyclic voltammetry. Its catalytic antioxidant activity was determined by peroxidase, catalase and catechol oxidase essays. The studies demonstrate the correct obtention of the manganosalen complex, a high rate of reversibility for the Mn(II)/Mn(III) process and relevant catalytic activities, which confirm its antioxidant mimetic role.
Manganese is an esencial metal which participates in numerous biological processes. It is part of the active site or acts as a cofactor of natural antioxidants. Hence, the application of manganese complexes shows potencial as an antioxidant enzyme biomimetic model. The role of these enzymes is to neutralize reactive oxygen species, which are strong oxidants that cause oxidative stress, in order to maintain biological balance and avoid cellular damage. These synthetic antioxidants have advantages comparing them to natural antioxidants because of their characteristics, such as their low molecular weight and their low production costs. Therefore, they are an alternative to natural antioxidants therapy. In this project, we synthesized a metal manganese complex using a base Schiff ligand obtained by condensation of 1,2diaminopropane and 2hydroxy3metoxybenzaldehyde. The complex was characterized by conductivity studies, IR and ultraviolet visible espectroscopies, X ray cristallography and mass spectrometry among other analysis. Its redox potencial was tested by cyclic voltammetry. Its catalytic antioxidant activity was determined by peroxidase, catalase and catechol oxidase essays. The studies demonstrate the correct obtention of the manganosalen complex, a high rate of reversibility for the Mn(II)/Mn(III) process and relevant catalytic activities, which confirm its antioxidant mimetic role.
Direction
MANEIRO MANEIRO, MARCELINO (Tutorships)
MANEIRO MANEIRO, MARCELINO (Tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
Wheat ecotype and freezing storage time: impact on sensory quality and acceptance of Galician bread
Authorship
M.B.G.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
M.B.G.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Bread is a highly valued product, especially for its sensory characteristics. The quality of Galician bread has been recognized with the creation of the Protected Geographical Indication (P.G.I.) “Pan Galego,” which requires that at least 25% of the flour come from local wheat varieties. Currently, there are 5 registered Galician varieties (‘Callobre’, ‘Caaveiro’, ‘Arzúa’, ‘Miño’, and ‘Castrexo’), although others, such as ‘1910-4’ and ‘E1ext’, may also be suitable for inclusion. This study aims to conduct a sensory evaluation of breads made with the 5 registered varieties and the 2 unregistered ones, as well as to determine the impact of freezing on their organoleptic characteristics. In addition, the study analyzes the acceptance of these breads by young adult consumers (n=116) and applies the Check All That Apply (CATA) technique to characterize each bread and define the ideal bread for this group of consumers. Results from the trained panel show scarce sensory differences between the samples. Except for moisture, the rest of the variations can be attributed to the artisanal bread-making process. No significant differences were observed between breads made with registered and unregistered varieties, suggesting that ‘1910-4’ and ‘E1ext’ could be registered as native varieties from a sensory perspective. Moreover, freezing proves to be an effective method for preserving sensory characteristics over time, as only a slight loss of wheat aroma was observed in the ‘Caaveiro’ variety. Although acceptance of the seven samples is moderate, desirable and undesirable attributes were identified for the ideal bread for this population group. Of the 14 attributes of the P.G.I. “Pan Galego” included in the CATA term list, consumers are inconsistent in 6 of them, prompting reflection on the need to review these criteria.
Bread is a highly valued product, especially for its sensory characteristics. The quality of Galician bread has been recognized with the creation of the Protected Geographical Indication (P.G.I.) “Pan Galego,” which requires that at least 25% of the flour come from local wheat varieties. Currently, there are 5 registered Galician varieties (‘Callobre’, ‘Caaveiro’, ‘Arzúa’, ‘Miño’, and ‘Castrexo’), although others, such as ‘1910-4’ and ‘E1ext’, may also be suitable for inclusion. This study aims to conduct a sensory evaluation of breads made with the 5 registered varieties and the 2 unregistered ones, as well as to determine the impact of freezing on their organoleptic characteristics. In addition, the study analyzes the acceptance of these breads by young adult consumers (n=116) and applies the Check All That Apply (CATA) technique to characterize each bread and define the ideal bread for this group of consumers. Results from the trained panel show scarce sensory differences between the samples. Except for moisture, the rest of the variations can be attributed to the artisanal bread-making process. No significant differences were observed between breads made with registered and unregistered varieties, suggesting that ‘1910-4’ and ‘E1ext’ could be registered as native varieties from a sensory perspective. Moreover, freezing proves to be an effective method for preserving sensory characteristics over time, as only a slight loss of wheat aroma was observed in the ‘Caaveiro’ variety. Although acceptance of the seven samples is moderate, desirable and undesirable attributes were identified for the ideal bread for this population group. Of the 14 attributes of the P.G.I. “Pan Galego” included in the CATA term list, consumers are inconsistent in 6 of them, prompting reflection on the need to review these criteria.
Direction
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
VÁZQUEZ ODERIZ, MARÍA LOURDES (Co-tutorships)
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
VÁZQUEZ ODERIZ, MARÍA LOURDES (Co-tutorships)
Court
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
Neurochemical study of the olfactory subsystems of the common mole (Talpa europea)
Authorship
G.G.H.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
G.G.H.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
The vomeronasal system (VNS) is crucial for detecting pheromonal signals that modulate sociosexual behaviors. Despite its central role in chemical communication, our understanding of its anatomical and functional variability across mammals remains incomplete. This study provides the first detailed characterization of the VNS in the Iberian mole (Talpa occidentalis), an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula. We performed a morphofunctional and neurochemical analysis of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) using histology, immunohistochemistry, and lectin histochemistry. The VNO in T. occidentalis exhibited an unusual circular lumen lined with a uniform sensory epithelium, lacking the dual epithelial organization seen in most species. The vomeronasal cartilage was limited in extent and did not form the typical J-shaped structure. Notably, no evidence of a vomeronasal pump was found, suggesting alternative mechanisms for the entry of semiochemicals, likely facilitated by the anatomical positioning of the organ and the continuous distribution of receptors. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong expression of Gai2 and Gg8 in sensory neurons, with weaker Gao expression, suggesting a predominance of V1R-type signal transduction. The AOB, though small, exhibited clear lamination and specific marker localization (Gai2, OMP, CR, MAP2), indicating robust functional organization. Lectin binding revealed specific glycosylation patterns in the glomerular layer, with STL and LEA marking synaptic regions. These findings uncover unprecedented anatomical and molecular features of the VNS in T. occidentalis, positioning this species as a valuable model for studying vomeronasal diversity and evolution among subterranean mammals.
The vomeronasal system (VNS) is crucial for detecting pheromonal signals that modulate sociosexual behaviors. Despite its central role in chemical communication, our understanding of its anatomical and functional variability across mammals remains incomplete. This study provides the first detailed characterization of the VNS in the Iberian mole (Talpa occidentalis), an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula. We performed a morphofunctional and neurochemical analysis of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) using histology, immunohistochemistry, and lectin histochemistry. The VNO in T. occidentalis exhibited an unusual circular lumen lined with a uniform sensory epithelium, lacking the dual epithelial organization seen in most species. The vomeronasal cartilage was limited in extent and did not form the typical J-shaped structure. Notably, no evidence of a vomeronasal pump was found, suggesting alternative mechanisms for the entry of semiochemicals, likely facilitated by the anatomical positioning of the organ and the continuous distribution of receptors. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong expression of Gai2 and Gg8 in sensory neurons, with weaker Gao expression, suggesting a predominance of V1R-type signal transduction. The AOB, though small, exhibited clear lamination and specific marker localization (Gai2, OMP, CR, MAP2), indicating robust functional organization. Lectin binding revealed specific glycosylation patterns in the glomerular layer, with STL and LEA marking synaptic regions. These findings uncover unprecedented anatomical and molecular features of the VNS in T. occidentalis, positioning this species as a valuable model for studying vomeronasal diversity and evolution among subterranean mammals.
Direction
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
Court
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
Nutrition and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: Evidence-Based Strategies for Optimising Thyroid Function
Authorship
A.G.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
A.G.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease and the most common cause of hypothyroidism. It is characterized by progressive damage to the thyroid gland caused by autoantibodies, and its origin is multifactorial, with genetic, immunological, environmental, and nutritional influences. Although treatment with levothyroxine allows for achieving euthyroidism, it does not always control the symptoms or halt the progression of the disease. This paper reviews the current scientific evidence on nutritional strategies that can complement medical treatment. Three main areas are addressed: the relationship between the gut, the microbiota, and the thyroid; the role of micronutrients such as iodine, selenium, and vitamin D; and the impact of dietary patterns, such as a gluten-free or Mediterranean diet. Evidence suggests that a balanced diet rich in fiber and antioxidants, combined with anti-inflammatory diets such as the Mediterranean diet, can help reduce autoantibodies, improve thyroid function, and alleviate persistent symptoms. The link between celiac disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is also emphasized, recommending a gluten-free diet only in cases of confirmed diagnosis or clinical suspicion. In conclusion, nutritional strategies should be personalized, comprehensive, and evidence-based, positioning nutrition as an important pillar in the holistic management of this disease.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease and the most common cause of hypothyroidism. It is characterized by progressive damage to the thyroid gland caused by autoantibodies, and its origin is multifactorial, with genetic, immunological, environmental, and nutritional influences. Although treatment with levothyroxine allows for achieving euthyroidism, it does not always control the symptoms or halt the progression of the disease. This paper reviews the current scientific evidence on nutritional strategies that can complement medical treatment. Three main areas are addressed: the relationship between the gut, the microbiota, and the thyroid; the role of micronutrients such as iodine, selenium, and vitamin D; and the impact of dietary patterns, such as a gluten-free or Mediterranean diet. Evidence suggests that a balanced diet rich in fiber and antioxidants, combined with anti-inflammatory diets such as the Mediterranean diet, can help reduce autoantibodies, improve thyroid function, and alleviate persistent symptoms. The link between celiac disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is also emphasized, recommending a gluten-free diet only in cases of confirmed diagnosis or clinical suspicion. In conclusion, nutritional strategies should be personalized, comprehensive, and evidence-based, positioning nutrition as an important pillar in the holistic management of this disease.
Direction
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Tutorships)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Tutorships)
Court
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
Rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on surfaces by isothermal DNA amplification
Authorship
C.P.G.P.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
C.P.G.P.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of high global relevance due to its high mortality rate. Its great ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions and its ability to form biofilms increase its resistance and make its removal difficult. Traditional diagnostic techniques, based on bacterial culture, require several days to determine the sample as positive. To solve these problems, faster and more sensitive molecular techniques such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA) have been developed in recent years. In this study, a rapid method of detection of L. monocytogenes biofilms on stainless steel surfaces by LAMP was developed. To this end, the recovery of cells from the biofilms with different treatments (PBS, LPT and LPT-PRN), the impact of enriching the samples in TSB for 3 hours and DNA purification were evaluated. The results showed that the LAMP method, both in its real-time and colorimetric formats, allows the detection of L. monocytogenes in single-species and mixed biofilms at concentrations above log 3.9 CFU/cm2, with notable improvements after 3-hours enrichment and DNA purification of the samples. This colorimetric format can be carried out using only a thermoblock, without the need for specialized equipment, which makes it an accessible, fast and robust tool for application in industrial environments.
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of high global relevance due to its high mortality rate. Its great ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions and its ability to form biofilms increase its resistance and make its removal difficult. Traditional diagnostic techniques, based on bacterial culture, require several days to determine the sample as positive. To solve these problems, faster and more sensitive molecular techniques such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA) have been developed in recent years. In this study, a rapid method of detection of L. monocytogenes biofilms on stainless steel surfaces by LAMP was developed. To this end, the recovery of cells from the biofilms with different treatments (PBS, LPT and LPT-PRN), the impact of enriching the samples in TSB for 3 hours and DNA purification were evaluated. The results showed that the LAMP method, both in its real-time and colorimetric formats, allows the detection of L. monocytogenes in single-species and mixed biofilms at concentrations above log 3.9 CFU/cm2, with notable improvements after 3-hours enrichment and DNA purification of the samples. This colorimetric format can be carried out using only a thermoblock, without the need for specialized equipment, which makes it an accessible, fast and robust tool for application in industrial environments.
Direction
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Lopez Cabo, Marta (Co-tutorships)
GARRIDO MAESTU, ALEJANDRO (Co-tutorships)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Lopez Cabo, Marta (Co-tutorships)
GARRIDO MAESTU, ALEJANDRO (Co-tutorships)
Court
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
Project for an experimental fluid dynamics plant for the study of head losses
Authorship
L.G.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
L.G.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
Defense date
07.15.2025 10:00
07.15.2025 10:00
Summary
This project aims at the design and construction of a fluid dynamics facility that serves as a teaching tool. Students from the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Santiago de Compostela will be able to use the installation to empirically analyse the effect of head losses in pipelines of different diameters and materials, as well as in multiple hydraulic elements. First, a technical proposal for the fluid dynamics facility was developed, addressing aspects such as the sizing of hydraulic components, selection of materials and equipment, preparation of technical drawings, and analysis of safety and risk prevention criteria. Once the project was completed, the installation was executed and assembled in the laboratory. The creation of the fluid dynamics facility aims to help students put into practice the knowledge acquired in the “Fluid mechanics” course, allowing them to link the studied concepts with real situations. The project also includes a proposed laboratory exercise to compare theoretical and empirical results regarding pressure losses, flow regime, and characteristic coefficients of hydraulic installations.
This project aims at the design and construction of a fluid dynamics facility that serves as a teaching tool. Students from the Faculty of Sciences at the University of Santiago de Compostela will be able to use the installation to empirically analyse the effect of head losses in pipelines of different diameters and materials, as well as in multiple hydraulic elements. First, a technical proposal for the fluid dynamics facility was developed, addressing aspects such as the sizing of hydraulic components, selection of materials and equipment, preparation of technical drawings, and analysis of safety and risk prevention criteria. Once the project was completed, the installation was executed and assembled in the laboratory. The creation of the fluid dynamics facility aims to help students put into practice the knowledge acquired in the “Fluid mechanics” course, allowing them to link the studied concepts with real situations. The project also includes a proposed laboratory exercise to compare theoretical and empirical results regarding pressure losses, flow regime, and characteristic coefficients of hydraulic installations.
Direction
MARTINEZ AGEITOS, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Vázquez Vila, María José (Co-tutorships)
MARTINEZ AGEITOS, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Vázquez Vila, María José (Co-tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
LU CHAU, THELMO ALEJANDRO (Secretary)
ORTIGUEIRA AMOR, JUAN MANUEL (Member)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
LU CHAU, THELMO ALEJANDRO (Secretary)
ORTIGUEIRA AMOR, JUAN MANUEL (Member)
Intermittent fasting and its effects on the intestinal microbiota
Authorship
P.G.L.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
P.G.L.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Intermittent fasting is a dietary pattern that combines periods of food intake with periods of fasting, meaning either no caloric consumption or an intake that is practically negligible. This paper aims to analyze the impact of intermittent fasting on the human gut microbiota. To this end, a literature review was conducted focusing on the effects of intermittent fasting on the gut microbiota, with the objective of identifying protocols that promote its positive modulation and contribute to the prevention or treatment of associated diseases. The findings show that intermittent fasting not only regulates energy intake but also exerts significant effects on the gut microbiota by modulating key metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and improving energy metabolism. Furthermore, these effects vary depending on the specific protocol applied. In conclusion, intermittent fasting improves the diversity and functionality of the gut microbiota, which is associated with enhancements in key metabolic parameters. Protocols such as time-restricted feeding and alternate-day fasting show the most consistent effects. However, some of the benefits may be reversed if the habits are not maintained, highlighting the need for a sustained and personalized approach, as well as long-term studies.
Intermittent fasting is a dietary pattern that combines periods of food intake with periods of fasting, meaning either no caloric consumption or an intake that is practically negligible. This paper aims to analyze the impact of intermittent fasting on the human gut microbiota. To this end, a literature review was conducted focusing on the effects of intermittent fasting on the gut microbiota, with the objective of identifying protocols that promote its positive modulation and contribute to the prevention or treatment of associated diseases. The findings show that intermittent fasting not only regulates energy intake but also exerts significant effects on the gut microbiota by modulating key metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and improving energy metabolism. Furthermore, these effects vary depending on the specific protocol applied. In conclusion, intermittent fasting improves the diversity and functionality of the gut microbiota, which is associated with enhancements in key metabolic parameters. Protocols such as time-restricted feeding and alternate-day fasting show the most consistent effects. However, some of the benefits may be reversed if the habits are not maintained, highlighting the need for a sustained and personalized approach, as well as long-term studies.
Direction
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
Alzheimer's disease as a neuroendocrine disorder: Nutritional approach to Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus.
Authorship
S.G.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
S.G.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Alzheimer's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that encompasses diverse pathophysiological mechanisms such as the accumulation of beta amyloid peptide, hyperphosphorylation of the TAU protein, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in the brain. The classic approach to the disease based on the amyloid hypothesis as the primary triggering factor has recently been challenged. A new scientific perspective recognizes AD as a new type of diabetes because it shares key mechanisms with it, such as insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. This review analyzes the scientific literature on the possible consideration of AD as a new type of diabetes called type 3 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with diet. To this end, the role of diet in the prevention, onset, and progression of AD will be addressed. According to the scientific literature, added sugars, saturated fats, processed foods, and sustained excess caloric intake are among the foods and dietary patterns that increase the risk of AD. Furthermore, foods and dietary patterns that improve insulin signaling and prevent this neurodegenerative disease, such as the Mediterranean diet, unsaturated fats, and dietary fiber, also stand out. The results obtained support the hypothesis that Alzheimer's disease is the new type 3 diabetes mellitus, highlighting the role of diet as a key tool against the onset and progression of the disease.
Alzheimer's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that encompasses diverse pathophysiological mechanisms such as the accumulation of beta amyloid peptide, hyperphosphorylation of the TAU protein, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in the brain. The classic approach to the disease based on the amyloid hypothesis as the primary triggering factor has recently been challenged. A new scientific perspective recognizes AD as a new type of diabetes because it shares key mechanisms with it, such as insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. This review analyzes the scientific literature on the possible consideration of AD as a new type of diabetes called type 3 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with diet. To this end, the role of diet in the prevention, onset, and progression of AD will be addressed. According to the scientific literature, added sugars, saturated fats, processed foods, and sustained excess caloric intake are among the foods and dietary patterns that increase the risk of AD. Furthermore, foods and dietary patterns that improve insulin signaling and prevent this neurodegenerative disease, such as the Mediterranean diet, unsaturated fats, and dietary fiber, also stand out. The results obtained support the hypothesis that Alzheimer's disease is the new type 3 diabetes mellitus, highlighting the role of diet as a key tool against the onset and progression of the disease.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
Role of succinate dehydrogenase in tumor development
Authorship
M.G.B.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
M.G.B.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a key mitochondrial enzyme in cellular metabolism, acting on the Krebs cycle and in the respiratory chain forming the mitochondrial complex II. Mutations in the genes that encode their subunits (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD) cause loss of function of the complex, leading to intracellular accumulation of succinate and have been associated with various neoplasms both benign and malignant. Succinate acts as an oncometabolite, inducing cellular processes that generate a favorable environment for tumor development. These include activation of cellular responses to hypoxia by stabilizing HIF-1alpha, activation of inflammatory pathways causing chronic inflammation and epigenetic deregulation by modifying the expression of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. This work aims to deepen the role of SDH in tumor development, focusing on the functional consequences resulting from the loss of expression of the SDHB and SDHD genes. For this, three human tumor cell lines (MCF7, PC3, 786-O) were used in which gene silencing was carried out using sRNA and CRISPR-Cas9. In these cellular models, cell proliferation, migration and clonogenic capacity were analyzed. The loss of expression of SDHB and SDHD did not cause significant changes in proliferation processes, migration or clonogenic capacity, although specific trends dependent on the cellular context were observed. In particular, SDHB deletion showed a slight decrease in cell proliferation and migration in 786-O, while these processes were not affected in PC3 cells. These results suggest that the loss of SDH function, while inducing succinate accumulation and may trigger cellular responses associated with tumorigenicity, is not sufficient on its own to promote tumor phenotypes such as increased proliferation or migration. This supports the hypothesis, supported by murine models, that the accumulation of oncometabolites such as succinate requires additional genetic or epigenetic events to trigger a complete tumor transformation. Therefore, the oncogenic role of dysfunction in SDH seems to depend on a specific cellular and genetic context, where other cooperating factors are necessary to allow tumor progression.
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a key mitochondrial enzyme in cellular metabolism, acting on the Krebs cycle and in the respiratory chain forming the mitochondrial complex II. Mutations in the genes that encode their subunits (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD) cause loss of function of the complex, leading to intracellular accumulation of succinate and have been associated with various neoplasms both benign and malignant. Succinate acts as an oncometabolite, inducing cellular processes that generate a favorable environment for tumor development. These include activation of cellular responses to hypoxia by stabilizing HIF-1alpha, activation of inflammatory pathways causing chronic inflammation and epigenetic deregulation by modifying the expression of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. This work aims to deepen the role of SDH in tumor development, focusing on the functional consequences resulting from the loss of expression of the SDHB and SDHD genes. For this, three human tumor cell lines (MCF7, PC3, 786-O) were used in which gene silencing was carried out using sRNA and CRISPR-Cas9. In these cellular models, cell proliferation, migration and clonogenic capacity were analyzed. The loss of expression of SDHB and SDHD did not cause significant changes in proliferation processes, migration or clonogenic capacity, although specific trends dependent on the cellular context were observed. In particular, SDHB deletion showed a slight decrease in cell proliferation and migration in 786-O, while these processes were not affected in PC3 cells. These results suggest that the loss of SDH function, while inducing succinate accumulation and may trigger cellular responses associated with tumorigenicity, is not sufficient on its own to promote tumor phenotypes such as increased proliferation or migration. This supports the hypothesis, supported by murine models, that the accumulation of oncometabolites such as succinate requires additional genetic or epigenetic events to trigger a complete tumor transformation. Therefore, the oncogenic role of dysfunction in SDH seems to depend on a specific cellular and genetic context, where other cooperating factors are necessary to allow tumor progression.
Direction
BARCIA VIEITEZ, RAMIRO (Tutorships)
Chiara Romero, María Dolores (Co-tutorships)
BARCIA VIEITEZ, RAMIRO (Tutorships)
Chiara Romero, María Dolores (Co-tutorships)
Court
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
Endurance sports and type 1 diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring devices and nutritional management.
Authorship
M.H.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
M.H.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in an absolute insulin deficiency and the need for constant glycemic control. The most recent data reports 118,802 confirmed cases of type 1 diabetes in Spain. In the context of endurance sports, which involve prolonged physical effort and high energy demands, maintaining optimal blood glucose levels is essential to prevent common complications in athletes with diabetes such as hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia as well as to sustain athletic performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices, in combination with nutritional strategies, as tools for metabolic management in individuals with type 1 diabetes who engage in long-duration physical activity. The literature review showed that CGM devices, particularly advanced models such as Dexcom G7 and FreeStyle Libre 3, provide accurate and continuous glucose tracking, facilitating real-time decision-making regarding insulin administration and carbohydrate intake. Their use has been associated with greater treatment adherence, reduced glycemic variability, and fewer hypoglycemic episodes during and after exercise. In conclusion, integrating continuous glucose monitoring systems with individualized nutritional planning significantly improves glycemic control and enhances both safety and performance in athletes with type 1 diabetes participating in endurance sports.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in an absolute insulin deficiency and the need for constant glycemic control. The most recent data reports 118,802 confirmed cases of type 1 diabetes in Spain. In the context of endurance sports, which involve prolonged physical effort and high energy demands, maintaining optimal blood glucose levels is essential to prevent common complications in athletes with diabetes such as hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia as well as to sustain athletic performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices, in combination with nutritional strategies, as tools for metabolic management in individuals with type 1 diabetes who engage in long-duration physical activity. The literature review showed that CGM devices, particularly advanced models such as Dexcom G7 and FreeStyle Libre 3, provide accurate and continuous glucose tracking, facilitating real-time decision-making regarding insulin administration and carbohydrate intake. Their use has been associated with greater treatment adherence, reduced glycemic variability, and fewer hypoglycemic episodes during and after exercise. In conclusion, integrating continuous glucose monitoring systems with individualized nutritional planning significantly improves glycemic control and enhances both safety and performance in athletes with type 1 diabetes participating in endurance sports.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Chairman)
CARRAZANA GARCIA, JORGE ANTONIO (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
Evaluation of the effects of pesticides on two cell lines
Authorship
M.J.G.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
M.J.G.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
The increasing use of pesticides to maximize agricultural yield has generated growing concern worldwide due to the adverse effects of these compounds on both the environment and human health. In addition to affecting target species, pesticides can harm other organisms, disrupt the ecological balance, and bioaccumulate in tissues, thereby increasing their toxicity throughout the food chain. In humans, exposure to these compounds can lead to a wide range of effects, from mild symptoms to severe and even lethal outcomes, in both acute and chronic exposures. In this Final Degree Project, the cytotoxic effects of three widely used pesticides (metolachlor, metazachlor, and chlorpyrifos) were evaluated on two cell lines: Neuro-2a (murine neuroblastoma) and HEK293 Nav1.6 (derived from human embryonic kidney). Different concentrations of each compound were analysed using MTT assay (after 72 hours of exposure) and Alamar Blue assay (at 24, 48, and 72 hours of exposure). The results showed that none of the pesticides, at the concentrations tested, caused a significant decrease in cell viability. However, potential cytotoxic effects at higher concentrations, as well as other cellular alterations, cannot be ruled out. Therefore, further research is needed to expand the risk assessment associated with exposure to these compounds.
The increasing use of pesticides to maximize agricultural yield has generated growing concern worldwide due to the adverse effects of these compounds on both the environment and human health. In addition to affecting target species, pesticides can harm other organisms, disrupt the ecological balance, and bioaccumulate in tissues, thereby increasing their toxicity throughout the food chain. In humans, exposure to these compounds can lead to a wide range of effects, from mild symptoms to severe and even lethal outcomes, in both acute and chronic exposures. In this Final Degree Project, the cytotoxic effects of three widely used pesticides (metolachlor, metazachlor, and chlorpyrifos) were evaluated on two cell lines: Neuro-2a (murine neuroblastoma) and HEK293 Nav1.6 (derived from human embryonic kidney). Different concentrations of each compound were analysed using MTT assay (after 72 hours of exposure) and Alamar Blue assay (at 24, 48, and 72 hours of exposure). The results showed that none of the pesticides, at the concentrations tested, caused a significant decrease in cell viability. However, potential cytotoxic effects at higher concentrations, as well as other cellular alterations, cannot be ruled out. Therefore, further research is needed to expand the risk assessment associated with exposure to these compounds.
Direction
VALE GONZALEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
BOTANA LOPEZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Co-tutorships)
VALE GONZALEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
BOTANA LOPEZ, LUIS MIGUEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
Analysis of adenosine, inosine and uric acid content of milk consumed in Galicia.
Authorship
S.L.G.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
S.L.G.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.15.2025 09:30
07.15.2025 09:30
Summary
Metabolomics is a discipline focused on analysing the metabolome, i.e. the set of metabolites present in a cell, fluid, tissue or organism. One of the fields to which metabolomic studies are applied is the characterisation of foods in pursuit of safe and healthy nutrition, known as Foodomics. A main objective of Foodomics is research into bioactive compounds, metabolites found in small quantities in food that can modulate one or more metabolic processes, resulting in health benefits. The aim of this final degree project (TFG) is to characterise the milk consumed in Galicia, a staple food in our diet, in terms of its content of three bioactive metabolites: the nucleosides adenosine and inosine and the nitrogenous base uric acid, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipment and a method developed in a previous TFG. To carry out the analysis, milk samples were collected at different stages (raw milk, thermised milk, silo milk and UHT milk) at a Galician dairy (LARSA) and deproteinisation, centrifugation and filtration techniques were applied to identify the compounds using retention times, absorption spectra, pattern overloads and freeze-drying. The results showed that the work validated the method developed for the analysis of these bioactive metabolites in milk and that the method applied did not alter the concentrations of the three metabolites at the different stages of processing to which the milk was subjected. In conclusion, the work demonstrated the great importance of applying HPLC to research in nutrition and food quality.
Metabolomics is a discipline focused on analysing the metabolome, i.e. the set of metabolites present in a cell, fluid, tissue or organism. One of the fields to which metabolomic studies are applied is the characterisation of foods in pursuit of safe and healthy nutrition, known as Foodomics. A main objective of Foodomics is research into bioactive compounds, metabolites found in small quantities in food that can modulate one or more metabolic processes, resulting in health benefits. The aim of this final degree project (TFG) is to characterise the milk consumed in Galicia, a staple food in our diet, in terms of its content of three bioactive metabolites: the nucleosides adenosine and inosine and the nitrogenous base uric acid, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipment and a method developed in a previous TFG. To carry out the analysis, milk samples were collected at different stages (raw milk, thermised milk, silo milk and UHT milk) at a Galician dairy (LARSA) and deproteinisation, centrifugation and filtration techniques were applied to identify the compounds using retention times, absorption spectra, pattern overloads and freeze-drying. The results showed that the work validated the method developed for the analysis of these bioactive metabolites in milk and that the method applied did not alter the concentrations of the three metabolites at the different stages of processing to which the milk was subjected. In conclusion, the work demonstrated the great importance of applying HPLC to research in nutrition and food quality.
Direction
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Tutorships)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Tutorships)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Nutritional strategies in the prevention and recovery of knee injuries
Authorship
L.M.L.L.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
L.M.L.L.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 10:00
07.16.2025 10:00
Summary
The knee is one of the most complex joints in the human body and is essential for performing basic activities such as walking, jumping, or running. Its continuous exposure to movement and load, especially in athletes, makes it prone to injuries, including fractures of bones, and tears in ligaments, menisci, and tendons. These injuries represent a significant public health issue due to their high incidence in both athletes and individuals with osteoarthritis, with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries being the most common and severe injury among athletes. Therefore, this undergraduate thesis aims to analyze the role of nutritional strategies in the prevention and recovery of knee injuries through a literature review of current scientific research. During the recovery process, the body undergoes an inflammatory response, loss of muscle mass, and decreased neuromuscular function. In this context, proper nutritional planning combined with exercise can minimize long-term effects, optimize tissue regeneration, and improve the patient's functional recovery. Additionally, it is crucial to avoid a severe energy deficit and to maintain some level of muscle activity, even in the unaffected limbs, as this is essential for preventing atrophy in the early postoperative stages. The recommended macronutrient intake for adults during the recovery period includes 30/45 kcal/kg of energy, 1.5/2.2 g/kg of protein, 35/50% carbohydrates, and 20/30% fat. Furthermore, it is advised to consume vitamin D, collagen combined with vitamin C, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids during knee injury rehabilitation.
The knee is one of the most complex joints in the human body and is essential for performing basic activities such as walking, jumping, or running. Its continuous exposure to movement and load, especially in athletes, makes it prone to injuries, including fractures of bones, and tears in ligaments, menisci, and tendons. These injuries represent a significant public health issue due to their high incidence in both athletes and individuals with osteoarthritis, with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries being the most common and severe injury among athletes. Therefore, this undergraduate thesis aims to analyze the role of nutritional strategies in the prevention and recovery of knee injuries through a literature review of current scientific research. During the recovery process, the body undergoes an inflammatory response, loss of muscle mass, and decreased neuromuscular function. In this context, proper nutritional planning combined with exercise can minimize long-term effects, optimize tissue regeneration, and improve the patient's functional recovery. Additionally, it is crucial to avoid a severe energy deficit and to maintain some level of muscle activity, even in the unaffected limbs, as this is essential for preventing atrophy in the early postoperative stages. The recommended macronutrient intake for adults during the recovery period includes 30/45 kcal/kg of energy, 1.5/2.2 g/kg of protein, 35/50% carbohydrates, and 20/30% fat. Furthermore, it is advised to consume vitamin D, collagen combined with vitamin C, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids during knee injury rehabilitation.
Direction
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Tutorships)
Cepeda Sáez, Alberto (Co-tutorships)
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Tutorships)
Cepeda Sáez, Alberto (Co-tutorships)
Court
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
In vivo evaluation of a new compound against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) by using established human lines
Authorship
M.L.A.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
M.L.A.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Its high proliferation rate, invasive capacity, molecular heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance contribute to its prognosis extremely poor prognosis, with an average survival of less than 15 months, even after optimal treatment. Considering this, the search for new therapeutic compounds that offer more effective alternatives is essential. With advances at the molecular level, the growing understanding of GBM’s complexity, the rise of precision medicine, and the development of alternative in vivo models to traditional ones, the development of new compounds is becoming increasingly feasible. Since the 1970s, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been increasingly used as an animal model, becoming a promising organism for biomedical research due to its advantageous biological and genetic characteristics, as well as economic and logistical feasibility. Over the past decade, zebrafish have proven to be highly useful as an in vivo model for xenotransplantation assays, particularly for GBM tumors, due to their ability to facilitate studies of tumor, allowing the study of tumor microenvironment interactions, tumor growth, invasion, and overall GBM pathophysiology. Furthermore, they also allow for the evaluation of compound toxicity and therapeutic efficacy in preclinical trials, enabling the assessment of response to GBM. Based on this rationale, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic potential of an experimental compound (GBM48) using zebrafish embryos as a xenotransplantation model, while also validating the zebrafish as a preclinical tool. The results obtained strengthen the position of zebrafish as an ideal platform for the rapid and effective screening of innovative therapies against GBM. This model helps bridge the gap between molecular and genetic tumor characterization and its clinical application, offering a promising path toward the development of new personalized treatments for patients affected by this disease.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Its high proliferation rate, invasive capacity, molecular heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance contribute to its prognosis extremely poor prognosis, with an average survival of less than 15 months, even after optimal treatment. Considering this, the search for new therapeutic compounds that offer more effective alternatives is essential. With advances at the molecular level, the growing understanding of GBM’s complexity, the rise of precision medicine, and the development of alternative in vivo models to traditional ones, the development of new compounds is becoming increasingly feasible. Since the 1970s, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been increasingly used as an animal model, becoming a promising organism for biomedical research due to its advantageous biological and genetic characteristics, as well as economic and logistical feasibility. Over the past decade, zebrafish have proven to be highly useful as an in vivo model for xenotransplantation assays, particularly for GBM tumors, due to their ability to facilitate studies of tumor, allowing the study of tumor microenvironment interactions, tumor growth, invasion, and overall GBM pathophysiology. Furthermore, they also allow for the evaluation of compound toxicity and therapeutic efficacy in preclinical trials, enabling the assessment of response to GBM. Based on this rationale, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic potential of an experimental compound (GBM48) using zebrafish embryos as a xenotransplantation model, while also validating the zebrafish as a preclinical tool. The results obtained strengthen the position of zebrafish as an ideal platform for the rapid and effective screening of innovative therapies against GBM. This model helps bridge the gap between molecular and genetic tumor characterization and its clinical application, offering a promising path toward the development of new personalized treatments for patients affected by this disease.
Direction
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Tutorships)
Pampín Iglesias, Marina (Co-tutorships)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Tutorships)
Pampín Iglesias, Marina (Co-tutorships)
Court
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
Identification of proteins phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase in spermatozoa of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.
Authorship
L.M.L.C.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
L.M.L.C.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.15.2025 09:30
07.15.2025 09:30
Summary
The post-translational modifications that proteins undergo after synthesis, including phosphorylation, are determining factors for their functionality. Protein kinases and protein phosphatases catalyse the reversible phosphorylation process in proteins. One of the most studied protein kinases is cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A; PKA), involved in the regulation of numerous physiological processes. In mammals, PKA plays a key role in the regulation of sperm motility, catalysing the phosphorylation of different structural proteins of the flagellum, metabolic enzymes or regulatory factors of gene expression. However, in many invertebrate organisms with external fertilization, such as bivalve molluscs, there is little information about the involvement of PKA in the regulation of this process. Using the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis as a model species, in this work we aim to identify proteins present in spermatozoa that are phosphorylated in vitro by this enzyme, specifically, by the C4 isoform, specific to these cells. By proteomics studies (LC-MS/MS), approximately 100 proteins present in sperm lysates have been identified as PKA substrates. Among these, most are proteins with a structural role present in flagella, mainly isoforms of the axonemic dynein heavy chain; in addition, proteins involved in energy metabolism have also been identified, specifically, pathways for obtaining ATP; and others related to signalling cascades and protein synthesis and degradation processes. The results obtained suggest that, as in mammals and other species, PKA seems to play a key role in the regulation of sperm motility in organisms with external fertilization, such as bivalve molluscs.
The post-translational modifications that proteins undergo after synthesis, including phosphorylation, are determining factors for their functionality. Protein kinases and protein phosphatases catalyse the reversible phosphorylation process in proteins. One of the most studied protein kinases is cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A; PKA), involved in the regulation of numerous physiological processes. In mammals, PKA plays a key role in the regulation of sperm motility, catalysing the phosphorylation of different structural proteins of the flagellum, metabolic enzymes or regulatory factors of gene expression. However, in many invertebrate organisms with external fertilization, such as bivalve molluscs, there is little information about the involvement of PKA in the regulation of this process. Using the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis as a model species, in this work we aim to identify proteins present in spermatozoa that are phosphorylated in vitro by this enzyme, specifically, by the C4 isoform, specific to these cells. By proteomics studies (LC-MS/MS), approximately 100 proteins present in sperm lysates have been identified as PKA substrates. Among these, most are proteins with a structural role present in flagella, mainly isoforms of the axonemic dynein heavy chain; in addition, proteins involved in energy metabolism have also been identified, specifically, pathways for obtaining ATP; and others related to signalling cascades and protein synthesis and degradation processes. The results obtained suggest that, as in mammals and other species, PKA seems to play a key role in the regulation of sperm motility in organisms with external fertilization, such as bivalve molluscs.
Direction
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Tutorships)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Co-tutorships)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Tutorships)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Co-tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Development And Characterization Of Zebrafish Cell Lines In Embryonic And Adult Stages, Including Wild Type And Mutants Variants, For Applications In Biochemical And Molecular Research
Authorship
V.A.L.B.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
V.A.L.B.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.15.2025 09:30
07.15.2025 09:30
Summary
The development and characterization of zebrafish cell lines require the establishment of a protocol that facilitates their derivation. Currently, there are few optimized methodologies for this model, despite its growing importance in biomedical and genetic research. This work aims to design a methodology to generate cell cultures from both embryos and adult zebrafish, including wild-type and mutant specimens. The common goal is to standardize the optimal conditions for culturing their cells, regardless of the genotype of origin. Different conditions for cell dissociation were evaluated, using proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin and pronase and L-15 culture medium was used, supplemented with various concentrations of FBS and under different sterilization methods. Also, viral transformation using SnRV retrovirus was also explored as a strategy for immortalization. Cell culture assays were carried out using embryos at the 30% and 50% epiboly stages, yolk stage, and the pharyngula Prim-5 stage, with the goal of preserving cell viability by avoiding embryo development to more advanced stages and thus reducing the use of animals in experimentation. Likewise, assays were initiated for the development of cell lines derived from the heart, intestine, eyes, muscle, and brain extracted from adult zebrafish, comparing wild-type and mutant individuals. Although initial seeding was achieved and early signs of adhesion and viability were observed under some conditions, most cultures failed to remain stable in the long term. However, this work lays the methodological groundwork for future optimizations aimed at the effective establishment of cell lines. This project not only contributes to the advancement of biomedical knowledge but also promotes a more ethical and sustainable approach to scientific research.
The development and characterization of zebrafish cell lines require the establishment of a protocol that facilitates their derivation. Currently, there are few optimized methodologies for this model, despite its growing importance in biomedical and genetic research. This work aims to design a methodology to generate cell cultures from both embryos and adult zebrafish, including wild-type and mutant specimens. The common goal is to standardize the optimal conditions for culturing their cells, regardless of the genotype of origin. Different conditions for cell dissociation were evaluated, using proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin and pronase and L-15 culture medium was used, supplemented with various concentrations of FBS and under different sterilization methods. Also, viral transformation using SnRV retrovirus was also explored as a strategy for immortalization. Cell culture assays were carried out using embryos at the 30% and 50% epiboly stages, yolk stage, and the pharyngula Prim-5 stage, with the goal of preserving cell viability by avoiding embryo development to more advanced stages and thus reducing the use of animals in experimentation. Likewise, assays were initiated for the development of cell lines derived from the heart, intestine, eyes, muscle, and brain extracted from adult zebrafish, comparing wild-type and mutant individuals. Although initial seeding was achieved and early signs of adhesion and viability were observed under some conditions, most cultures failed to remain stable in the long term. However, this work lays the methodological groundwork for future optimizations aimed at the effective establishment of cell lines. This project not only contributes to the advancement of biomedical knowledge but also promotes a more ethical and sustainable approach to scientific research.
Direction
SÁNCHEZ PIÑÓN, LAURA ELENA (Tutorships)
Arana Díaz, Álvaro Jesús (Co-tutorships)
SÁNCHEZ PIÑÓN, LAURA ELENA (Tutorships)
Arana Díaz, Álvaro Jesús (Co-tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Refrigeration system project for a galician fruit shop
Authorship
N.M.J.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
N.M.J.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
Defense date
07.15.2025 10:00
07.15.2025 10:00
Summary
The aim of the work is to design an optimal refrigeration system for the correct conservation and freshness of the products needed in a fruit and vegetable shop. We are looking for an energetically efficient and economically profitable system. First, it will be decided which refrigerant to use according to the conditions of the premises, the fruit and the refrigeration system itself. Then, a refrigeration cycle with compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator will be included, and once the cycle is closed, it will be simulated in the Hysys programme. In general terms, the work will consist of several points in which the thermal loads will be calculated, the appropriate equipment will be selected, plans of the premises will be drawn up and a sample of the system's operation will be made, together with a set of specifications, a basic health and safety study and, finally, an approximate budget for the cost of the project.
The aim of the work is to design an optimal refrigeration system for the correct conservation and freshness of the products needed in a fruit and vegetable shop. We are looking for an energetically efficient and economically profitable system. First, it will be decided which refrigerant to use according to the conditions of the premises, the fruit and the refrigeration system itself. Then, a refrigeration cycle with compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator will be included, and once the cycle is closed, it will be simulated in the Hysys programme. In general terms, the work will consist of several points in which the thermal loads will be calculated, the appropriate equipment will be selected, plans of the premises will be drawn up and a sample of the system's operation will be made, together with a set of specifications, a basic health and safety study and, finally, an approximate budget for the cost of the project.
Direction
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Tutorships)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
LU CHAU, THELMO ALEJANDRO (Secretary)
ORTIGUEIRA AMOR, JUAN MANUEL (Member)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
LU CHAU, THELMO ALEJANDRO (Secretary)
ORTIGUEIRA AMOR, JUAN MANUEL (Member)
Impact of Lifestyle on Renal Function: A Comprehensive Approach (Diet, Physical Activity, Supplementation, and Anti-inflammatory Consumption)
Authorship
I.M.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
I.M.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 10:00
07.16.2025 10:00
Summary
Introduction: In an age of instant gratification and the pursuit of the perfect body, how far are we jeopardizing our health? Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a public health concern with alarming statistics. It's estimated that 20% of the adult population will suffer from it by 2040, and it will be the third leading cause of death in Spain by 2050. Because it's initially asymptomatic, CKD silently progresses to severe stages, worsening the prognosis. With the spread of nutrition and health content, there's a noticeable increase in unsupervised high-protein diets, often accompanied by protein supplements, which promise immediate results. Added to this, sports injuries from poorly planned workouts found on social media and severe muscle pain managed with over-the-counter anti-inflammatories are common practices in many gyms. These trends raise a red flag, prompting us to investigate the impact of these modifiable habits on kidney function. Objectives: To synthesize scientific evidence on the influence of high-protein diets, physical activity, NSAID consumption, and creatine supplementation on kidney function in healthy individuals over 18, those diagnosed with pre-dialysis CKD, and/or athletes. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Inclusion criteria included meta-analyses and systematic reviews from the last 10 years performed on healthy populations, athletes, or individuals with CKD not yet requiring dialysis. Interventions included were high-protein diets (greater than 1.5 g/kg/day), physical activity (any type, frequency, intensity, and duration), creatine (any dose, type, and regimen), and/or NSAIDs (any dose commercially available in Spain). Conclusions: The findings collected could be useful in preventing and slowing the progression of CKD.
Introduction: In an age of instant gratification and the pursuit of the perfect body, how far are we jeopardizing our health? Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a public health concern with alarming statistics. It's estimated that 20% of the adult population will suffer from it by 2040, and it will be the third leading cause of death in Spain by 2050. Because it's initially asymptomatic, CKD silently progresses to severe stages, worsening the prognosis. With the spread of nutrition and health content, there's a noticeable increase in unsupervised high-protein diets, often accompanied by protein supplements, which promise immediate results. Added to this, sports injuries from poorly planned workouts found on social media and severe muscle pain managed with over-the-counter anti-inflammatories are common practices in many gyms. These trends raise a red flag, prompting us to investigate the impact of these modifiable habits on kidney function. Objectives: To synthesize scientific evidence on the influence of high-protein diets, physical activity, NSAID consumption, and creatine supplementation on kidney function in healthy individuals over 18, those diagnosed with pre-dialysis CKD, and/or athletes. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Inclusion criteria included meta-analyses and systematic reviews from the last 10 years performed on healthy populations, athletes, or individuals with CKD not yet requiring dialysis. Interventions included were high-protein diets (greater than 1.5 g/kg/day), physical activity (any type, frequency, intensity, and duration), creatine (any dose, type, and regimen), and/or NSAIDs (any dose commercially available in Spain). Conclusions: The findings collected could be useful in preventing and slowing the progression of CKD.
Direction
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Tutorships)
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
Anatomical bases of chemical communication in a wild ruminant: the elk (Cervus canadensis)
Authorship
A.M.A.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
A.M.A.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
The vomeronasal system (VNS) plays a key role in chemical communication in mammals, particularly in social and reproductive behaviors. In the wapiti (Cervus canadensis), a species with complex social structures and a strong reliance on chemical signals during the rutting season, no anatomical or neurochemical characterization of the VNS had been conducted until now. This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of the vomeronasal system in wapiti, using histological, lectin histochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques. The vomeronasal organ (VNO) exhibited a clear rostrocaudal differentiation, with well-defined sensory and respiratory epithelia and a complex glandular architecture. Lectin labeling and immunoreactivity for proteins such as OMP, PGP9.5, CR, and G-protein subunits (Gai2, Gg8, and Ga0) revealed an advanced degree of sensory maturation. Notably, neurons positive for Ga0 did not project to the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), suggesting alternative targets. The AOB displayed all typical layers, well-defined glomeruli, and expression of calbindin, CR, GFAP, and LEA lectin. Large-caliber white matter tracts and a region-specific lectin distribution were observed. Additionally, double-label confocal immunofluorescence and autofluorescence techniques enabled high-resolution visualization of the neuroepithelial architecture and glomerular organization. Overall, the results confirm that the vomeronasal system of the wapiti is highly developed and specialized, providing a solid foundation for future research on chemical communication, behavior, and conservation in wild cervids.
The vomeronasal system (VNS) plays a key role in chemical communication in mammals, particularly in social and reproductive behaviors. In the wapiti (Cervus canadensis), a species with complex social structures and a strong reliance on chemical signals during the rutting season, no anatomical or neurochemical characterization of the VNS had been conducted until now. This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of the vomeronasal system in wapiti, using histological, lectin histochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques. The vomeronasal organ (VNO) exhibited a clear rostrocaudal differentiation, with well-defined sensory and respiratory epithelia and a complex glandular architecture. Lectin labeling and immunoreactivity for proteins such as OMP, PGP9.5, CR, and G-protein subunits (Gai2, Gg8, and Ga0) revealed an advanced degree of sensory maturation. Notably, neurons positive for Ga0 did not project to the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), suggesting alternative targets. The AOB displayed all typical layers, well-defined glomeruli, and expression of calbindin, CR, GFAP, and LEA lectin. Large-caliber white matter tracts and a region-specific lectin distribution were observed. Additionally, double-label confocal immunofluorescence and autofluorescence techniques enabled high-resolution visualization of the neuroepithelial architecture and glomerular organization. Overall, the results confirm that the vomeronasal system of the wapiti is highly developed and specialized, providing a solid foundation for future research on chemical communication, behavior, and conservation in wild cervids.
Direction
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Member)
Mediterranean Diet and Antioxidants: Benefits for Metabolic Health and Disease Prevention
Authorship
I.M.C.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
I.M.C.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 10:00
07.16.2025 10:00
Summary
The Mediterranean Diet is a traditional dietary pattern from Southern European countries that has become established as a healthy and sustainable nutritional model. It is characterized by a high intake of plant-based foods, extra virgin olive oil as the main source of fat, moderate consumption of fish, and low intake of red meat and processed products. This study aims to analyze, through a review of the scientific literature, the influence of the Mediterranean Diet and dietary antioxidants on the prevention of chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress. The review includes an analysis of the effects of this dietary pattern on metabolic health, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, healthy aging, and longevity. It also addresses the relationship between the Mediterranean Diet and various biomarkers of oxidative stress. Studies such as the PREDIMED clinical trial provide solid evidence of the clinical benefits of this dietary pattern, showing a significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events, cognitive decline, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The beneficial effects of the Mediterranean Diet are largely attributed to its richness in natural antioxidants, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and vitamins, which help modulate inflammation and oxidative damage. Overall, the findings of this study support the conclusion that the Mediterranean Diet is an effective, evidence-based nutritional strategy for preventing non-communicable diseases and promoting long-term health.
The Mediterranean Diet is a traditional dietary pattern from Southern European countries that has become established as a healthy and sustainable nutritional model. It is characterized by a high intake of plant-based foods, extra virgin olive oil as the main source of fat, moderate consumption of fish, and low intake of red meat and processed products. This study aims to analyze, through a review of the scientific literature, the influence of the Mediterranean Diet and dietary antioxidants on the prevention of chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress. The review includes an analysis of the effects of this dietary pattern on metabolic health, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, healthy aging, and longevity. It also addresses the relationship between the Mediterranean Diet and various biomarkers of oxidative stress. Studies such as the PREDIMED clinical trial provide solid evidence of the clinical benefits of this dietary pattern, showing a significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events, cognitive decline, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The beneficial effects of the Mediterranean Diet are largely attributed to its richness in natural antioxidants, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and vitamins, which help modulate inflammation and oxidative damage. Overall, the findings of this study support the conclusion that the Mediterranean Diet is an effective, evidence-based nutritional strategy for preventing non-communicable diseases and promoting long-term health.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Tutorships)
Court
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
Anti-inflammatory diet applied to the sports field.
Authorship
P.M.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
P.M.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 10:00
07.16.2025 10:00
Summary
This Final Degree Project aims to review and analyze the role of the Anti-inflammatory Diet in the sports context, particularly in the prevention of injuries, improvement of performance, and post-exercise recovery. Through a systematic review of scientific literature, the impact of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and overtraining syndrome is addressed, all of which are processes linked to inflammatory responses. The beneficial properties of dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean Diet and the Atlantic Diet are highlighted, as well as the role of specific nutrients (omega-3, polyphenols, antioxidants) and the gut microbiota in modulating inflammation. Evidence suggests that nutrition can play a crucial role in modulating acute and chronic inflammation resulting from sports practice, serving as a potential tool to improve athletes' physical condition.
This Final Degree Project aims to review and analyze the role of the Anti-inflammatory Diet in the sports context, particularly in the prevention of injuries, improvement of performance, and post-exercise recovery. Through a systematic review of scientific literature, the impact of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and overtraining syndrome is addressed, all of which are processes linked to inflammatory responses. The beneficial properties of dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean Diet and the Atlantic Diet are highlighted, as well as the role of specific nutrients (omega-3, polyphenols, antioxidants) and the gut microbiota in modulating inflammation. Evidence suggests that nutrition can play a crucial role in modulating acute and chronic inflammation resulting from sports practice, serving as a potential tool to improve athletes' physical condition.
Direction
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Co-tutorships)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Co-tutorships)
Court
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
Green Hydrogen Production Process by Water Electrolysis using Renewable Energy.
Authorship
A.M.Q.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
A.M.Q.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
Defense date
07.15.2025 10:00
07.15.2025 10:00
Summary
This proyect aims to develop a comprehensive system for the production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis, using renowable energy as the primary source. A comparative study of different technological, selecting the most suitable option base don technical, economic and enviromental idea. The production process is designed by defining the operating conditions, main equipment, and material and energy flows. Additionally, the electrolyzer is desined and sized, with particular focus on its integration with renowable energy source and its production capacity. The process is validated through simulation, allowing the anlysys of dynamic behavior, energy efficiency optimization, and adjustment of operational parameters. An energy integration proposal is also developed, making use of internal thermal exchanges to improve the overall performance of the system. From a spatial planning perspective, the plant layout is designed to organize the different process units in a funtional, safe, and efficient manner, in line with the spatial constraints of the site. Finally, a financial evaluation of the proyect is carried out, estimating the required investment, operating cost, and expected returns in order to assess the technical and economic feasibility of the instalation.
This proyect aims to develop a comprehensive system for the production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis, using renowable energy as the primary source. A comparative study of different technological, selecting the most suitable option base don technical, economic and enviromental idea. The production process is designed by defining the operating conditions, main equipment, and material and energy flows. Additionally, the electrolyzer is desined and sized, with particular focus on its integration with renowable energy source and its production capacity. The process is validated through simulation, allowing the anlysys of dynamic behavior, energy efficiency optimization, and adjustment of operational parameters. An energy integration proposal is also developed, making use of internal thermal exchanges to improve the overall performance of the system. From a spatial planning perspective, the plant layout is designed to organize the different process units in a funtional, safe, and efficient manner, in line with the spatial constraints of the site. Finally, a financial evaluation of the proyect is carried out, estimating the required investment, operating cost, and expected returns in order to assess the technical and economic feasibility of the instalation.
Direction
González Rodríguez, Jorge (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ AÑON, JOSE ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)
González Rodríguez, Jorge (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ AÑON, JOSE ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
LU CHAU, THELMO ALEJANDRO (Secretary)
ORTIGUEIRA AMOR, JUAN MANUEL (Member)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
LU CHAU, THELMO ALEJANDRO (Secretary)
ORTIGUEIRA AMOR, JUAN MANUEL (Member)
Time course models of weight change in humans
Authorship
A.M.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
A.M.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 10:00
07.16.2025 10:00
Summary
Overweight and obesity are a health problem in today's society. In this context, the availability of models allow us the analysis and prediction of a person's weight change (due to a recommended diet and the performing of specific physical exercise) becomes essential for assessing the patient's evolution, the appropriateness of dietary modification, and even patient adherence to the proposed diet. Fortunately, the literature includes descriptions of various thermodynamic-mathematical models that provide reliable answers. These models range from Wishnofsky's initial proposal to the more elaborate ones by Antonetti and Hall, which are more accurate in their predictions. These models vary in the way they compartmentalize the human body, the way they divide the different components of the human energy balance equation, and as they express the interrelationships of the different macronutrient groups. After an analysis of the published models, the Antonetti and Hall models are applied to several realistic cases. The obtained results are discussed and compared. Low-carb and low-fat diets, which have been competing for the title of best weight-loss diet, are also discussed. Over time, it has been shown that low-carbohydrate diets offer added value because of the improvement in many biochemical parameters that accompany weight loss.
Overweight and obesity are a health problem in today's society. In this context, the availability of models allow us the analysis and prediction of a person's weight change (due to a recommended diet and the performing of specific physical exercise) becomes essential for assessing the patient's evolution, the appropriateness of dietary modification, and even patient adherence to the proposed diet. Fortunately, the literature includes descriptions of various thermodynamic-mathematical models that provide reliable answers. These models range from Wishnofsky's initial proposal to the more elaborate ones by Antonetti and Hall, which are more accurate in their predictions. These models vary in the way they compartmentalize the human body, the way they divide the different components of the human energy balance equation, and as they express the interrelationships of the different macronutrient groups. After an analysis of the published models, the Antonetti and Hall models are applied to several realistic cases. The obtained results are discussed and compared. Low-carb and low-fat diets, which have been competing for the title of best weight-loss diet, are also discussed. Over time, it has been shown that low-carbohydrate diets offer added value because of the improvement in many biochemical parameters that accompany weight loss.
Direction
VAZQUEZ TATO, JOSE (Tutorships)
VAZQUEZ TATO, JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
In Vitro Determination of Starch Digestibility and Glycemic Index of Different Types of Bread from the Galician Market
Authorship
E.M.M.S.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
E.M.M.S.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 10:00
07.16.2025 10:00
Summary
Bread constitutes fundamental food in Galician culinary culture. From a nutritional perspective, it is composed primarily of complex carbohydrates, such as starch, whose digestibility and glycemic response can be linked to metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and obesity. This Final Degree Project aims to determine in vitro the digestibility of total starch and its fractions (rapidly digestible, slowly digestible, and resistant), as well as to estimate the glycemic index of different bread samples from the Galician market. For this reason, a total amount of 73 samples was analyzed, which included traditional breads of different local varieties:wheat, rye, and corn, baked under preestablished conditions, traditional breads from bakeries and several formats of industrial breads. Significant differences were observed among the various samples analyzed in terms of starch fractions and the estimated glycemic index. Furthermore, nutritional and technological factors that modified the glycemic response were identified, such as the use of different types of cereals, the addition of dietary fiber or legume flour, as well as the use of sourdough and long fermentation times. The results obtained suggest that traditional breads, especially those made with local flours, have a more favorable nutritional profile compared to industrial breads, which supports their recommendation as a healthier option within a balanced diet.
Bread constitutes fundamental food in Galician culinary culture. From a nutritional perspective, it is composed primarily of complex carbohydrates, such as starch, whose digestibility and glycemic response can be linked to metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and obesity. This Final Degree Project aims to determine in vitro the digestibility of total starch and its fractions (rapidly digestible, slowly digestible, and resistant), as well as to estimate the glycemic index of different bread samples from the Galician market. For this reason, a total amount of 73 samples was analyzed, which included traditional breads of different local varieties:wheat, rye, and corn, baked under preestablished conditions, traditional breads from bakeries and several formats of industrial breads. Significant differences were observed among the various samples analyzed in terms of starch fractions and the estimated glycemic index. Furthermore, nutritional and technological factors that modified the glycemic response were identified, such as the use of different types of cereals, the addition of dietary fiber or legume flour, as well as the use of sourdough and long fermentation times. The results obtained suggest that traditional breads, especially those made with local flours, have a more favorable nutritional profile compared to industrial breads, which supports their recommendation as a healthier option within a balanced diet.
Direction
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
Court
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
Food-derived opioid peptides and their relationship with autism spectrum disorder
Authorship
L.M.Q.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
L.M.Q.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 10:00
07.16.2025 10:00
Summary
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 1% of children worldwide and is often associated with other comorbidities such as epilepsy or digestive disorders. The difficult management of the disease has prompted research into alternative treatments to medical therapy, such as dietary interventions. Gluten-free and/or b-casein-free diets are a complementary treatment based on the possible impact of opioid peptides derived from the digestion of these proteins on the symptomatology of ASD. Objective: To analyse the efficacy of gluten-free and/or b-casein-free diets in people with ASD for the control of digestive and behavioural symptoms. Methodology: Scoping review in the Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science databases, following the principles of the PRISMA methodology. A total of 18 articles were included. Results: Some studies detected behavioural improvements with gluten-free and/or b-casein-free diets, although these were not always significant. At the digestive level, diet therapy implies improvements in the digestive symptomatology of ASD, such as constipation, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. No serious negative effects associated with the use of these elimination diets were reported. The age and the presence of gastrointestinal manifestations may be factors positively affecting the efficacy of these diets. Conclusion: The gluten-free and/or b-casein-free diets could be useful in the management of ASD, although the results obtained are heterogeneous. The studies differ in their methodology, in terms of sample size, intervention time, age range of participants or assessment tools, making them difficult to interpret.
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 1% of children worldwide and is often associated with other comorbidities such as epilepsy or digestive disorders. The difficult management of the disease has prompted research into alternative treatments to medical therapy, such as dietary interventions. Gluten-free and/or b-casein-free diets are a complementary treatment based on the possible impact of opioid peptides derived from the digestion of these proteins on the symptomatology of ASD. Objective: To analyse the efficacy of gluten-free and/or b-casein-free diets in people with ASD for the control of digestive and behavioural symptoms. Methodology: Scoping review in the Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science databases, following the principles of the PRISMA methodology. A total of 18 articles were included. Results: Some studies detected behavioural improvements with gluten-free and/or b-casein-free diets, although these were not always significant. At the digestive level, diet therapy implies improvements in the digestive symptomatology of ASD, such as constipation, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. No serious negative effects associated with the use of these elimination diets were reported. The age and the presence of gastrointestinal manifestations may be factors positively affecting the efficacy of these diets. Conclusion: The gluten-free and/or b-casein-free diets could be useful in the management of ASD, although the results obtained are heterogeneous. The studies differ in their methodology, in terms of sample size, intervention time, age range of participants or assessment tools, making them difficult to interpret.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Co-tutorships)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Co-tutorships)
Court
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
Insects in human nutrition
Authorship
C.M.L.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
C.M.L.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 10:00
07.16.2025 10:00
Summary
This work analyzes the role of insects in human nutrition, addressing its implications from a nutritional, environmental, legal, cultural and technological perspective. It is based on the fact that entomophagy, or consumption of insects, is an ancient and common practice in many regions of the world, such as Asia, Africa and Latin America, with more than 2,000 species consumed worldwide. On the other hand, in the West, this practice is uncommon and usually generates rejection, mainly for cultural and psychological reasons associated with disgust and food neophobia. However, growing interest in sustainable solutions in the face of increasing global population and the climate crisis has seen insects gain prominence as an alternative source of protein. Insects stand out for their high nutritional value, providing high-quality proteins, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds. Its production requires fewer natural resources than conventional livestock farming, generates fewer polluting emissions and allows the use of organic waste as food. At a legislative level, in Europe their consumption for humans is regulated by Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 [1], which classifies insects as “new foods” and, to date, authorizes only four species: Tenebrio molitor (mealworm), Locusta migratoria (migratory locust), Acheta domesticus (domestic cricket) and Alphitobius diaperinus (dung beetle). The work sets out in detail the food safety criteria that these products must meet, as well as the possible risks associated with consumption, such as allergies and biological, physical or chemical hazards, all of which can be managed through good breeding and processing practices. In addition, it is analyzed how the form of presentation influences its acceptance: Western consumers are more willing to consume insects when they are integrated into familiar foods such as cookies, pasta or bars. The study also collects examples of marketed products and explores the use of insects in areas such as spatial nutrition or rural development. Its social and economic benefits are highlighted, especially in areas with limited resources, and its contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, especially in terms of food security, nutrition and agricultural sustainability. Overall, the work shows that edible insects represent a promising solution to the current challenges of the global food system, although their widespread implementation will depend on overcoming cultural barriers, effective regulation of the sector and greater consumer awareness.
This work analyzes the role of insects in human nutrition, addressing its implications from a nutritional, environmental, legal, cultural and technological perspective. It is based on the fact that entomophagy, or consumption of insects, is an ancient and common practice in many regions of the world, such as Asia, Africa and Latin America, with more than 2,000 species consumed worldwide. On the other hand, in the West, this practice is uncommon and usually generates rejection, mainly for cultural and psychological reasons associated with disgust and food neophobia. However, growing interest in sustainable solutions in the face of increasing global population and the climate crisis has seen insects gain prominence as an alternative source of protein. Insects stand out for their high nutritional value, providing high-quality proteins, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds. Its production requires fewer natural resources than conventional livestock farming, generates fewer polluting emissions and allows the use of organic waste as food. At a legislative level, in Europe their consumption for humans is regulated by Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 [1], which classifies insects as “new foods” and, to date, authorizes only four species: Tenebrio molitor (mealworm), Locusta migratoria (migratory locust), Acheta domesticus (domestic cricket) and Alphitobius diaperinus (dung beetle). The work sets out in detail the food safety criteria that these products must meet, as well as the possible risks associated with consumption, such as allergies and biological, physical or chemical hazards, all of which can be managed through good breeding and processing practices. In addition, it is analyzed how the form of presentation influences its acceptance: Western consumers are more willing to consume insects when they are integrated into familiar foods such as cookies, pasta or bars. The study also collects examples of marketed products and explores the use of insects in areas such as spatial nutrition or rural development. Its social and economic benefits are highlighted, especially in areas with limited resources, and its contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, especially in terms of food security, nutrition and agricultural sustainability. Overall, the work shows that edible insects represent a promising solution to the current challenges of the global food system, although their widespread implementation will depend on overcoming cultural barriers, effective regulation of the sector and greater consumer awareness.
Direction
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Tutorships)
Sinisterra Loaiza, Laura Isabel (Co-tutorships)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Tutorships)
Sinisterra Loaiza, Laura Isabel (Co-tutorships)
Court
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
Food guide: Baby Led Weaning
Authorship
A.M.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
A.M.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 10:00
07.16.2025 10:00
Summary
Baby Led Weaning (BLW) is a complementary feeding method that is based on self-regulation and the promotion of infant autonomy. Traditionally, complementary feeding began with porridge and purees administered with a spoon, progressively advancing towards more solid textures. In recent years, new approaches have appeared, such as Baby Led Weaning (BLW) or its adaptation Baby Led Introduction to SolidS (BLISS), which promote more independent feeding. The main objective of this work is to analyse the different complementary feeding approaches, evaluating their characteristics, advantages, limitations and their nutritional and safety impact on the baby's development. It also seeks to compare these methods with the traditional approach, describe nutritional recommendations, identify the right foods, as well as identify safe culinary preparations. The methodology used was a narrative literature review, in which the most relevant scientific evidence on complementary feeding has been collected, analysed, and synthesized, focusing on the BLW and BLISS methods. The results indicate that BLW promotes motor and oral development, appetite self-regulation, and obesity prevention, although it poses risks such as choking or possible iron deficiency if not properly monitored. The BLISS method, on the other hand, addresses these concerns by prioritizing iron- and energy-rich foods and offering more structured instructions to avoid risks. Both methods require supervision and adaptation of food to the baby's abilities, with the role of the adult as a guide and model being fundamental.
Baby Led Weaning (BLW) is a complementary feeding method that is based on self-regulation and the promotion of infant autonomy. Traditionally, complementary feeding began with porridge and purees administered with a spoon, progressively advancing towards more solid textures. In recent years, new approaches have appeared, such as Baby Led Weaning (BLW) or its adaptation Baby Led Introduction to SolidS (BLISS), which promote more independent feeding. The main objective of this work is to analyse the different complementary feeding approaches, evaluating their characteristics, advantages, limitations and their nutritional and safety impact on the baby's development. It also seeks to compare these methods with the traditional approach, describe nutritional recommendations, identify the right foods, as well as identify safe culinary preparations. The methodology used was a narrative literature review, in which the most relevant scientific evidence on complementary feeding has been collected, analysed, and synthesized, focusing on the BLW and BLISS methods. The results indicate that BLW promotes motor and oral development, appetite self-regulation, and obesity prevention, although it poses risks such as choking or possible iron deficiency if not properly monitored. The BLISS method, on the other hand, addresses these concerns by prioritizing iron- and energy-rich foods and offering more structured instructions to avoid risks. Both methods require supervision and adaptation of food to the baby's abilities, with the role of the adult as a guide and model being fundamental.
Direction
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
DIAZ PAZOS, JUAN ANGEL (Chairman)
COBO GOLPE, MARIA (Secretary)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Member)
Food as a tool for the treatment of chronic pain.
Authorship
A.P.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
A.P.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:15
07.16.2025 09:15
Summary
This Final Degree Project (TFG) aims to analyze the role of nutrition in the treatment and management of chronic pain, both of primary and secondary origin, through a literature review. Chronic pain is a complex, multifactorial and persistent condition that significantly affects the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. Its approach requires comprehensive strategies that go beyond conventional pharmacological treatment. Throughout the development of this project, numerous scientific studies have been reviewed, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses and controlled clinical trials, which evaluate the influence of different dietary patterns and nutritional components on the pathophysiological mechanisms of pain. Scientific evidence supports the adoption of a balanced and anti-inflammatory diet as a complementary tool in the treatment of pain. In particular, the Mediterranean diet is consistently associated with reduced inflammation, improved metabolic profile, modulation of the immune system, and decreased pain. The study also identifies important limitations, such as the lack of specific studies on several categories of chronic pain, methodological heterogeneity among studies and limited nutritional monitoring in literature. It is considered necessary to promote further research that addresses chronic pain more specifically according to its etiology, especially through randomized clinical trials.
This Final Degree Project (TFG) aims to analyze the role of nutrition in the treatment and management of chronic pain, both of primary and secondary origin, through a literature review. Chronic pain is a complex, multifactorial and persistent condition that significantly affects the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. Its approach requires comprehensive strategies that go beyond conventional pharmacological treatment. Throughout the development of this project, numerous scientific studies have been reviewed, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses and controlled clinical trials, which evaluate the influence of different dietary patterns and nutritional components on the pathophysiological mechanisms of pain. Scientific evidence supports the adoption of a balanced and anti-inflammatory diet as a complementary tool in the treatment of pain. In particular, the Mediterranean diet is consistently associated with reduced inflammation, improved metabolic profile, modulation of the immune system, and decreased pain. The study also identifies important limitations, such as the lack of specific studies on several categories of chronic pain, methodological heterogeneity among studies and limited nutritional monitoring in literature. It is considered necessary to promote further research that addresses chronic pain more specifically according to its etiology, especially through randomized clinical trials.
Direction
VÁZQUEZ ODERIZ, MARÍA LOURDES (Tutorships)
Piedrafita Páez, Nicolás (Co-tutorships)
VÁZQUEZ ODERIZ, MARÍA LOURDES (Tutorships)
Piedrafita Páez, Nicolás (Co-tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
Determination of the antimicrobial capacity of biodegradable films enriched with ionic Mn(III) metal compounds for their application as food packaging
Authorship
S.P.D.L.C.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
S.P.D.L.C.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.15.2025 09:30
07.15.2025 09:30
Summary
The WHO estimates that contaminated food affects 600 million people and causes 420,000 deaths annually. In this context, bacterial contamination in dairy products represents one of the greatest threats to food safety with outbreaks linked to Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. With the aim of contributing to food safety, this Final Degree Project aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial capacity of a manganosalen complex (MnC23O7N2H29) in order to introduce it into biodegradable edible packaging. To this end, different tests were carried out, including the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), agar diffusion tests by droplet application, both of the individual compound and combined with chitosan at different concentrations, and bacterial death kinetics test using strains of the aforementioned species. The MIC of MnC23O7N2H29 was 0.469 mg/mL (S. aureus and S. enterica), 1.094 mg/mL (STEC) and 1.25 mg/mL (L. monocytogenes). Diffusion assays showed inhibition halos at concentrations equal to or greater than 5 mg/mL in the four strains evaluated, with S. aureus being the most resistant to the complex. The combination of MnC23O7N2H29 with chitosan did not show a synergistic effect, and it was observed that the inhibition corresponded mainly to chitosan. Bacterial growth in the presence of 5 mg/mL of the complex decreased significantly compared to the control during the 3, 6 and 24 h study. Bactericidal effect (reduction equal to or greater than 3 log) was observed at 6 h in all strains, except in S. enterica, where it was reached at 24 h. The results show an antimicrobial activity dependent on the strain or species, and suggest that the complex is a promising agent for incorporation into food matrices. However, additional studies are required to confirm its efficacy in real conditions.
The WHO estimates that contaminated food affects 600 million people and causes 420,000 deaths annually. In this context, bacterial contamination in dairy products represents one of the greatest threats to food safety with outbreaks linked to Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. With the aim of contributing to food safety, this Final Degree Project aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial capacity of a manganosalen complex (MnC23O7N2H29) in order to introduce it into biodegradable edible packaging. To this end, different tests were carried out, including the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), agar diffusion tests by droplet application, both of the individual compound and combined with chitosan at different concentrations, and bacterial death kinetics test using strains of the aforementioned species. The MIC of MnC23O7N2H29 was 0.469 mg/mL (S. aureus and S. enterica), 1.094 mg/mL (STEC) and 1.25 mg/mL (L. monocytogenes). Diffusion assays showed inhibition halos at concentrations equal to or greater than 5 mg/mL in the four strains evaluated, with S. aureus being the most resistant to the complex. The combination of MnC23O7N2H29 with chitosan did not show a synergistic effect, and it was observed that the inhibition corresponded mainly to chitosan. Bacterial growth in the presence of 5 mg/mL of the complex decreased significantly compared to the control during the 3, 6 and 24 h study. Bactericidal effect (reduction equal to or greater than 3 log) was observed at 6 h in all strains, except in S. enterica, where it was reached at 24 h. The results show an antimicrobial activity dependent on the strain or species, and suggest that the complex is a promising agent for incorporation into food matrices. However, additional studies are required to confirm its efficacy in real conditions.
Direction
FRESNO HERRERO, ANA (Tutorships)
Cazón Díaz, Patricia (Co-tutorships)
FRESNO HERRERO, ANA (Tutorships)
Cazón Díaz, Patricia (Co-tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Genetics of bonamiosis resistance in flat oyster
Authorship
P.P.C.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
P.P.C.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.15.2025 09:30
07.15.2025 09:30
Summary
This main objective of this work was to investigate the genetic basis of resistance to the parasite B. ostreae, responsible for bonamiosis, in flat oyster (Ostrea edulis). To do this, samples were collected from two Irish populations with different exposure to the parasite, Lough Swilly and Rossmore, classifying individuals according to their level of infection (from control, which have no infection, to level 3, with high parasite load). To better understand the genetic basis of resistance, samples were analyzed at both population and individual levels. In this way, at first all individuals from both populations were considered together, and then, we focused only on the samples collected from Lough Swilly. For both cases, transcriptome sequencing was started using RNA-seq from samples of infected hearts. The raw sequences received from the sequencing platform were processed using the nf-core/rnaseq pipeline for filtering and the alignment of readings against the reference parasite and host genomes and subsequent quantification of gene expression. A PCA was then applied to visualize the grouping of samples under experimental conditions using the first two main components (PC1 and PC2). Subsequently, an analysis was carried out using DESeq2 to identify the genes differentially expressed to infection, comparing control individuals with individuals with different degree of infection. The results were shown in volcano plots for better visualization and interpretation. Finally, the functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes was evaluated to determine the biological and molecular functions associated using the terms of the Gene Ontology (GO) classification. The results of the study are intended to contribute to the creation of resistant lines to this parasite, promoting the conservation of the species and the sustainability of its aquaculture.
This main objective of this work was to investigate the genetic basis of resistance to the parasite B. ostreae, responsible for bonamiosis, in flat oyster (Ostrea edulis). To do this, samples were collected from two Irish populations with different exposure to the parasite, Lough Swilly and Rossmore, classifying individuals according to their level of infection (from control, which have no infection, to level 3, with high parasite load). To better understand the genetic basis of resistance, samples were analyzed at both population and individual levels. In this way, at first all individuals from both populations were considered together, and then, we focused only on the samples collected from Lough Swilly. For both cases, transcriptome sequencing was started using RNA-seq from samples of infected hearts. The raw sequences received from the sequencing platform were processed using the nf-core/rnaseq pipeline for filtering and the alignment of readings against the reference parasite and host genomes and subsequent quantification of gene expression. A PCA was then applied to visualize the grouping of samples under experimental conditions using the first two main components (PC1 and PC2). Subsequently, an analysis was carried out using DESeq2 to identify the genes differentially expressed to infection, comparing control individuals with individuals with different degree of infection. The results were shown in volcano plots for better visualization and interpretation. Finally, the functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes was evaluated to determine the biological and molecular functions associated using the terms of the Gene Ontology (GO) classification. The results of the study are intended to contribute to the creation of resistant lines to this parasite, promoting the conservation of the species and the sustainability of its aquaculture.
Direction
MARTINEZ PORTELA, PAULINO (Tutorships)
MARTINEZ SAMBADE, INÉS (Co-tutorships)
MARTINEZ PORTELA, PAULINO (Tutorships)
MARTINEZ SAMBADE, INÉS (Co-tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Study of the role of ceramide metabolism in the replication of viruses relevant to fish aquaculture
Authorship
A.P.V.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
A.P.V.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.14.2025 09:30
07.14.2025 09:30
Summary
Ceramides are a type of lipid composed of a fatty acid linked to a sphingosine base. They are essential components of the cell membrane and are involved in various biological functions. In recent years, it has been found that these lipid molecules may play an important role in the antiviral immune response, as they are involved in all phases of the viral life cycle. This study aims to thoroughly examine the relationship of this metabolite with antiviral immunity in fish, in order to assess its potential as a target for designing antiviral strategies that could help mitigate viral infections in the fish aquaculture sector, while also providing insights that may be useful in the biomedical field. For this purpose, various fish cell lines, and different fish viruses will be used. The student will work with various molecular biology techniques such as nucleic acid extraction, complementary DNA synthesis, conventional and quantitative PCR, assays in fish cell cultures (antiviral assays, cell viability assays, etc.), among others.
Ceramides are a type of lipid composed of a fatty acid linked to a sphingosine base. They are essential components of the cell membrane and are involved in various biological functions. In recent years, it has been found that these lipid molecules may play an important role in the antiviral immune response, as they are involved in all phases of the viral life cycle. This study aims to thoroughly examine the relationship of this metabolite with antiviral immunity in fish, in order to assess its potential as a target for designing antiviral strategies that could help mitigate viral infections in the fish aquaculture sector, while also providing insights that may be useful in the biomedical field. For this purpose, various fish cell lines, and different fish viruses will be used. The student will work with various molecular biology techniques such as nucleic acid extraction, complementary DNA synthesis, conventional and quantitative PCR, assays in fish cell cultures (antiviral assays, cell viability assays, etc.), among others.
Direction
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Tutorships)
Pereiro González, Patricia (Co-tutorships)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Tutorships)
Pereiro González, Patricia (Co-tutorships)
Court
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Chairman)
PEREZ CRUZADO, CESAR (Secretary)
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Member)
Dietary guideline for galician vegetarian pregnancy
Authorship
A.P.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
A.P.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:15
07.16.2025 09:15
Summary
Well-planned vegetarian diets are suitable for all stages of life and can offer benefits in the prevention of certain diseases, in addition to generating less environmental damage compared to diets rich in animal products. However, it is essential to educate and inform people who follow this type of diet about the key nutrients to which special attention should be paid. In recent decades, the popularity of vegetarian diets has increased, causing many young women to continue with this dietary pattern also during pregnancy. Nutrition during pregnancy is key to the good development of the fetus and maternal health. This work was born with the aim of creating a practical guide for pregnant women and the professionals who accompany them, which includes simple dietary advice that is suitable for this population group. To this end, a literature review is carried out in which it was analyzed whether the intake of key nutrients such as proteins, omega 3, vitamin B12, folate, calcium, vitamin D, iron, zinc and iodine could be affected. Based on the existing evidence, practical recommendations are offered to cover the requirements through food, and it is established in which cases supplementation is necessary. Likewise, a ration system is proposed to facilitate the preparation of the daily menu of a pregnant vegetarian, providing three examples of ovolactovegetarian menus and three strict vegetarian menus, adapted according to the different trimesters of pregnancy. Recommendations for food safety and hygiene, important in the entire population but even more so during pregnancy, have also been added, in order to minimize risks.
Well-planned vegetarian diets are suitable for all stages of life and can offer benefits in the prevention of certain diseases, in addition to generating less environmental damage compared to diets rich in animal products. However, it is essential to educate and inform people who follow this type of diet about the key nutrients to which special attention should be paid. In recent decades, the popularity of vegetarian diets has increased, causing many young women to continue with this dietary pattern also during pregnancy. Nutrition during pregnancy is key to the good development of the fetus and maternal health. This work was born with the aim of creating a practical guide for pregnant women and the professionals who accompany them, which includes simple dietary advice that is suitable for this population group. To this end, a literature review is carried out in which it was analyzed whether the intake of key nutrients such as proteins, omega 3, vitamin B12, folate, calcium, vitamin D, iron, zinc and iodine could be affected. Based on the existing evidence, practical recommendations are offered to cover the requirements through food, and it is established in which cases supplementation is necessary. Likewise, a ration system is proposed to facilitate the preparation of the daily menu of a pregnant vegetarian, providing three examples of ovolactovegetarian menus and three strict vegetarian menus, adapted according to the different trimesters of pregnancy. Recommendations for food safety and hygiene, important in the entire population but even more so during pregnancy, have also been added, in order to minimize risks.
Direction
VÁZQUEZ ODERIZ, MARÍA LOURDES (Tutorships)
Rivas Pereira, Sara (Co-tutorships)
VÁZQUEZ ODERIZ, MARÍA LOURDES (Tutorships)
Rivas Pereira, Sara (Co-tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
Development of new technologies for the isolation of exosomes using living biological systems.
Authorship
A.P.B.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
A.P.B.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.15.2025 09:30
07.15.2025 09:30
Summary
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle whose biogenesis occurs in the cell’s endosomal pathway. Their secretion is an evolutionarily conserved process, and they are known to play a crucial role in intercellular communication. The vesicles transport transmembrane proteins or cytoplasmic components, demonstrating their potential as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of various pathologies such as cancer. However, current protocols are very complex and expensive, necessitating the development of new techniques. This study seeks to create a new protocol for isolating human exosomes using yeast surface display technology, which allows for the expression of recombinant proteins in the cell wall. In this case, the extracellular domain of Tim4 (Tim4D), that has the ability to recognize phosphatidylserine residues present in the exosome membrane. Tim4D was cloned into plasmids pYD1, pYD5 and pCTcon2 and expressed in the S.cerevisiae strain EBY100, with the aim of validating its use as an exosome capture system. This work included cloning by homologous recombination, bacterial and yeast transformation, and gene expression analysis using techniques such as Western Blot, Dot Blot and flow cytometry. The expression of Tim4D on the surface of yeast suggests that this methodology could be a viable, inexpensive and efficient alternative to traditional methods of exosome isolation. However, the use of more complex techniques and the analysis of the reagents in the culture media would improve the detection of fusion protein expression for the application of exosomes in biomedical research and extracellular vesicle-based therapies.
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle whose biogenesis occurs in the cell’s endosomal pathway. Their secretion is an evolutionarily conserved process, and they are known to play a crucial role in intercellular communication. The vesicles transport transmembrane proteins or cytoplasmic components, demonstrating their potential as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of various pathologies such as cancer. However, current protocols are very complex and expensive, necessitating the development of new techniques. This study seeks to create a new protocol for isolating human exosomes using yeast surface display technology, which allows for the expression of recombinant proteins in the cell wall. In this case, the extracellular domain of Tim4 (Tim4D), that has the ability to recognize phosphatidylserine residues present in the exosome membrane. Tim4D was cloned into plasmids pYD1, pYD5 and pCTcon2 and expressed in the S.cerevisiae strain EBY100, with the aim of validating its use as an exosome capture system. This work included cloning by homologous recombination, bacterial and yeast transformation, and gene expression analysis using techniques such as Western Blot, Dot Blot and flow cytometry. The expression of Tim4D on the surface of yeast suggests that this methodology could be a viable, inexpensive and efficient alternative to traditional methods of exosome isolation. However, the use of more complex techniques and the analysis of the reagents in the culture media would improve the detection of fusion protein expression for the application of exosomes in biomedical research and extracellular vesicle-based therapies.
Direction
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Tutorships)
Barreiro Alonso, Aida Ines (Co-tutorships)
Vizoso Vázquez, Ángel José (Co-tutorships)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Tutorships)
Barreiro Alonso, Aida Ines (Co-tutorships)
Vizoso Vázquez, Ángel José (Co-tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
The effect of soya on human health
Authorship
D.P.M.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
D.P.M.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:15
07.16.2025 09:15
Summary
Introduction: Soy is a source of high biological value protein. Its inclusion in the diet could have social, environmental and public health benefits. However, there is some controversy about the effects that the consumption of this legume could have on human health. Its high content of isoflavones, molecules structurally related to estrogens, causes concern in the scientific community about the possible increase in pathologies related to an increase in estrogenic activity that could be caused by its consumption. Objective: The main objective of the study is to carry out a literature review of systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis (umbrella review) to gather all the scientific evidence regarding the association between the consumption of soyfood and the risk of breast cancer (incidence). Materials and methods: A literature review was performed using Pubmed and Scopus databases, with a predefined search strategy and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant articles were selected and duplicates were excluded. Results: Of the total number of initial articles, 11 systematic reviews were analyzed, of which 7 contained meta-analyses. Most of them showed an inverse relationship between soy consumption and breast cancer incidence, although there are limitations inherent to observational studies and others derived from the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies. Conclusion: Soy consumption is associated with a decrease in breast cancer incidence. Well-designed studies are needed to determine the strength of the association and the subgroups that may benefit the most.
Introduction: Soy is a source of high biological value protein. Its inclusion in the diet could have social, environmental and public health benefits. However, there is some controversy about the effects that the consumption of this legume could have on human health. Its high content of isoflavones, molecules structurally related to estrogens, causes concern in the scientific community about the possible increase in pathologies related to an increase in estrogenic activity that could be caused by its consumption. Objective: The main objective of the study is to carry out a literature review of systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis (umbrella review) to gather all the scientific evidence regarding the association between the consumption of soyfood and the risk of breast cancer (incidence). Materials and methods: A literature review was performed using Pubmed and Scopus databases, with a predefined search strategy and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant articles were selected and duplicates were excluded. Results: Of the total number of initial articles, 11 systematic reviews were analyzed, of which 7 contained meta-analyses. Most of them showed an inverse relationship between soy consumption and breast cancer incidence, although there are limitations inherent to observational studies and others derived from the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies. Conclusion: Soy consumption is associated with a decrease in breast cancer incidence. Well-designed studies are needed to determine the strength of the association and the subgroups that may benefit the most.
Direction
VÁZQUEZ ODERIZ, MARÍA LOURDES (Tutorships)
Cabañas Alite, Luis (Co-tutorships)
VÁZQUEZ ODERIZ, MARÍA LOURDES (Tutorships)
Cabañas Alite, Luis (Co-tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
Design project for a heating and domestic hot water (DHW) system with biomass boiler and solar thermal panels for a single-family house with a heated swimming pool.
Authorship
N.P.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
N.P.G.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
Defense date
07.15.2025 10:00
07.15.2025 10:00
Summary
The aim of this project is to design a heating, DHW and air-conditioning system for an indoor swimming pool for a four-storey detached house under construction. A biomass boiler, fuelled by woodchips and a solar circuit will be used for this purpose. For heating, an underfloor heating system will be chosen, using the aforementioned biomass boiler as the energy source. This boiler will also be used as the only source of energy for the heating of the swimming pool. The DHW service will be supplied by two energy sources, on the one hand, the same as the other services, the boiler, and on the other hand, solar thermal panels. For the design, the current legislation will be respected and technical recommendations issued by the competent bodies will be followed. In the first instance, the thermal needs of the house will be calculated in order to be able to dimension the energy sources based on the needs of the house. Once this task has been completed, the secondary equipment will be sized and the circuit network for the transport of fluids will be designed, as well as the interconnection of the different services with the energy sources. Once the aforementioned work has been completed, commercial examples will be proposed that can meet the needs of the installation. When all the technical information on the project is available, the organisation of the works will be carried out in order to know the expected time until delivery of the installation to the promoter. Likewise, the other documents that form part of this project, such as the specifications, EBSS, waste management plan, quality control plan and plans, all of which are essential for the correct execution of the project, will be drawn up.
The aim of this project is to design a heating, DHW and air-conditioning system for an indoor swimming pool for a four-storey detached house under construction. A biomass boiler, fuelled by woodchips and a solar circuit will be used for this purpose. For heating, an underfloor heating system will be chosen, using the aforementioned biomass boiler as the energy source. This boiler will also be used as the only source of energy for the heating of the swimming pool. The DHW service will be supplied by two energy sources, on the one hand, the same as the other services, the boiler, and on the other hand, solar thermal panels. For the design, the current legislation will be respected and technical recommendations issued by the competent bodies will be followed. In the first instance, the thermal needs of the house will be calculated in order to be able to dimension the energy sources based on the needs of the house. Once this task has been completed, the secondary equipment will be sized and the circuit network for the transport of fluids will be designed, as well as the interconnection of the different services with the energy sources. Once the aforementioned work has been completed, commercial examples will be proposed that can meet the needs of the installation. When all the technical information on the project is available, the organisation of the works will be carried out in order to know the expected time until delivery of the installation to the promoter. Likewise, the other documents that form part of this project, such as the specifications, EBSS, waste management plan, quality control plan and plans, all of which are essential for the correct execution of the project, will be drawn up.
Direction
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Tutorships)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
LU CHAU, THELMO ALEJANDRO (Secretary)
ORTIGUEIRA AMOR, JUAN MANUEL (Member)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
LU CHAU, THELMO ALEJANDRO (Secretary)
ORTIGUEIRA AMOR, JUAN MANUEL (Member)
Analysis of concordance between self-perceived body weight and weight status in Galician population
Authorship
S.R.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
S.R.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:15
07.16.2025 09:15
Summary
Introduction: Excess weight is one of the main problems of Public Health because of its relationship with lots of diseases and reduction of life expectancy. This project analyses the concordance between self-perception body weight and its relationship with weight status in a representative sample of Galician population aged 16 and above during the year 2023, analyzing how they are influenced by age and sex. Moreover, the concordance results obtained in 2023 will be compared to those obtained in 2018. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, using data obtained from surveys done by the “Sistema de Información de Conductas de Riesgo (SICRI)” in 2018 and 2023. Data from 2023 were used to estimate the prevalence for each category: self perceived body weight and weight status and finally, the data from the concordance between both 2018 and 2023 was analyzed and compared. Results: The data obtained from 7896 individuals concluded; 37% (IC95%: 35,8-38,1) were classified as overweight and 16,6% (IC95%: 15,8-17,6) were identified as obese. We could find differences depending on sex and age: women tend to overestimate weight and men tend to underestimate it. As people get old, they tend to underestimate their weight, and, while IMC increases, the weight tends to be underestimated. It was found a significant increase in the percentage of agreement between 2018 and 2023, especially among the category overweight-see itself with excess weight/fat. Conclusions: Results obtained are interesting for the planification of public health policies focused on prevention of excess weight. In this matter, it is important to have an appropriate self-perception of body weight, as in body-weight status with high IMC, which are underestimated, it is noted that they tend to involve less awareness and decrease effectiveness of interventions.
Introduction: Excess weight is one of the main problems of Public Health because of its relationship with lots of diseases and reduction of life expectancy. This project analyses the concordance between self-perception body weight and its relationship with weight status in a representative sample of Galician population aged 16 and above during the year 2023, analyzing how they are influenced by age and sex. Moreover, the concordance results obtained in 2023 will be compared to those obtained in 2018. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, using data obtained from surveys done by the “Sistema de Información de Conductas de Riesgo (SICRI)” in 2018 and 2023. Data from 2023 were used to estimate the prevalence for each category: self perceived body weight and weight status and finally, the data from the concordance between both 2018 and 2023 was analyzed and compared. Results: The data obtained from 7896 individuals concluded; 37% (IC95%: 35,8-38,1) were classified as overweight and 16,6% (IC95%: 15,8-17,6) were identified as obese. We could find differences depending on sex and age: women tend to overestimate weight and men tend to underestimate it. As people get old, they tend to underestimate their weight, and, while IMC increases, the weight tends to be underestimated. It was found a significant increase in the percentage of agreement between 2018 and 2023, especially among the category overweight-see itself with excess weight/fat. Conclusions: Results obtained are interesting for the planification of public health policies focused on prevention of excess weight. In this matter, it is important to have an appropriate self-perception of body weight, as in body-weight status with high IMC, which are underestimated, it is noted that they tend to involve less awareness and decrease effectiveness of interventions.
Direction
Candal Pedreira, Cristina (Tutorships)
GARCIA , GUADALUPE (Co-tutorships)
Candal Pedreira, Cristina (Tutorships)
GARCIA , GUADALUPE (Co-tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
Design of a nutritional intervention for the Hashimoto's thyroiditis: From the scientific evidence to the clinical practice
Authorship
L.R.S.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
L.R.S.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:15
07.16.2025 09:15
Summary
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developed countries. It is characterized by an autoimmune process that progressively impairs thyroid function. Hormonal alterations affect vital physiological processes such as energy metabolism, thermoregulation, and mood, often resulting in persistent symptoms like fatigue, constipation, weight gain, dry skin, and depression even in patients undergoing pharmacological treatment. In recent years, scientific evidence has highlighted the significant role of nutrition in the complementary management of this condition, showing that targeted dietary interventions can improve both clinical symptoms and biochemical parameters. However, a standardized nutritional protocol has not yet been established. The aim of this work is to design a practical and personalized nutritional intervention based on the latest scientific evidence, to support dietitians and nutritionists in the comprehensive care of patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. This involves a detailed review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and associated comorbidities, as well as an in-depth analysis of key nutrients, beneficial foods, and those to be limited. Based on this information, a structured dietary plan is proposed, including supplementation strategies and patient followup, with the ultimate goal of improving quality of life, optimizing clinical markers, and reducing residual symptoms in this patient population.
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developed countries. It is characterized by an autoimmune process that progressively impairs thyroid function. Hormonal alterations affect vital physiological processes such as energy metabolism, thermoregulation, and mood, often resulting in persistent symptoms like fatigue, constipation, weight gain, dry skin, and depression even in patients undergoing pharmacological treatment. In recent years, scientific evidence has highlighted the significant role of nutrition in the complementary management of this condition, showing that targeted dietary interventions can improve both clinical symptoms and biochemical parameters. However, a standardized nutritional protocol has not yet been established. The aim of this work is to design a practical and personalized nutritional intervention based on the latest scientific evidence, to support dietitians and nutritionists in the comprehensive care of patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. This involves a detailed review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and associated comorbidities, as well as an in-depth analysis of key nutrients, beneficial foods, and those to be limited. Based on this information, a structured dietary plan is proposed, including supplementation strategies and patient followup, with the ultimate goal of improving quality of life, optimizing clinical markers, and reducing residual symptoms in this patient population.
Direction
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Tutorships)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
Nutrition, intestinal microbiota, and Alzheimer's: an approach from neuroscience and digestive health.
Authorship
O.R.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
O.R.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:15
07.16.2025 09:15
Summary
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that progressively destroys nerve cells and impairs brain function, leading to the cognitive decline characteristic of this condition. It is currently one of the main global public health concerns, given its increasing prevalence and the impact on the quality of life of patients and their families. In this context, the gut microbiota has emerged as a particularly relevant factor in the onset and progression of various chronic diseases, including AD. This relationship is based on the complex interactions that occur through the so-called gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication pathway that links the central nervous system with the digestive system through immunological, neuroendocrine, and metabolic mechanisms. This work focuses on an emerging nutritional approach to the prevention and treatment of AD, exploring the modulatory potential of certain foods, probiotics, and prebiotics on the gut microbiota and, consequently, on the progression of the disease. Special attention will be paid to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, due to their relevance in the current scientific literature as microorganisms with potential neuroprotective effects. The effects of different dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, the MIND diet, and the ketogenic diet, will also be reviewed. These dietary strategies have been proposed as potential contributors to preventing or slowing cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that progressively destroys nerve cells and impairs brain function, leading to the cognitive decline characteristic of this condition. It is currently one of the main global public health concerns, given its increasing prevalence and the impact on the quality of life of patients and their families. In this context, the gut microbiota has emerged as a particularly relevant factor in the onset and progression of various chronic diseases, including AD. This relationship is based on the complex interactions that occur through the so-called gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication pathway that links the central nervous system with the digestive system through immunological, neuroendocrine, and metabolic mechanisms. This work focuses on an emerging nutritional approach to the prevention and treatment of AD, exploring the modulatory potential of certain foods, probiotics, and prebiotics on the gut microbiota and, consequently, on the progression of the disease. Special attention will be paid to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, due to their relevance in the current scientific literature as microorganisms with potential neuroprotective effects. The effects of different dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, the DASH diet, the MIND diet, and the ketogenic diet, will also be reviewed. These dietary strategies have been proposed as potential contributors to preventing or slowing cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Direction
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Tutorships)
Cepeda Sáez, Alberto (Co-tutorships)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Tutorships)
Cepeda Sáez, Alberto (Co-tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
Implementation of a laboratory practice on the antioxidant efficacy of foods and beverages using the Briggs-Rauscher oscillation reaction.
Authorship
C.R.S.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
C.R.S.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:15
07.16.2025 09:15
Summary
In recent years, interest in the role of antioxidants in health and their therapeutic potential against pathologies associated with oxidative damage has increased considerably, as has their application in the food industry, becoming the subject of various research projects. This has led to the development of methods that allow for the evaluation of their activity in foods and beverages. In this study, a laboratory practice based on the Briggs-Rauscher oscillation reaction was designed and implemented, with the aim of visually and quantifiably measuring the antioxidant capacity of various food samples. The methodology consisted of measuring the time it took for each sample to inhibit the appearance of the free radicals characteristic of this reaction, which allowed for a comparison of antioxidant efficacy among different products. The results showed that coffee and dark chocolate were the foods with the highest antioxidant potency, while fruits such as lemon, orange, and kiwi showed intermediate activity. Samples with lipophilic compounds, such as oils, showed a more limited response in this aqueous system. The results obtained not only demonstrated which foods have the greatest antioxidant capacity, but also facilitated the interpretation of these data based on their chemical composition. Furthermore, it allows us to propose this experiment as an attractive teaching tool for the educational field, due to its demonstrative value and accessibility. Potential uses in the food industry were also assessed, as it is highly useful in the field of quality control.
In recent years, interest in the role of antioxidants in health and their therapeutic potential against pathologies associated with oxidative damage has increased considerably, as has their application in the food industry, becoming the subject of various research projects. This has led to the development of methods that allow for the evaluation of their activity in foods and beverages. In this study, a laboratory practice based on the Briggs-Rauscher oscillation reaction was designed and implemented, with the aim of visually and quantifiably measuring the antioxidant capacity of various food samples. The methodology consisted of measuring the time it took for each sample to inhibit the appearance of the free radicals characteristic of this reaction, which allowed for a comparison of antioxidant efficacy among different products. The results showed that coffee and dark chocolate were the foods with the highest antioxidant potency, while fruits such as lemon, orange, and kiwi showed intermediate activity. Samples with lipophilic compounds, such as oils, showed a more limited response in this aqueous system. The results obtained not only demonstrated which foods have the greatest antioxidant capacity, but also facilitated the interpretation of these data based on their chemical composition. Furthermore, it allows us to propose this experiment as an attractive teaching tool for the educational field, due to its demonstrative value and accessibility. Potential uses in the food industry were also assessed, as it is highly useful in the field of quality control.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
Lifestyles and eating habits in fertility
Authorship
I.R.L.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
I.R.L.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:15
07.16.2025 09:15
Summary
Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Nowadays, it affects a growing number of individuals and couples worldwide. The causes can be diverse, ranging from congenital disorders of the reproductive system to factors related to diet, body weight, physical activity, stress, tobacco or alcohol consumption, and exposure to environmental contaminants. The objectives of this study are to analyse the primary causes of infertility from a nutritional and lifestyle perspective, to identify the most relevant nutrients in reproductive function, and to review the scientific evidence regarding the usefulness of supplementation. The results show that certain micronutrients, such as folic acid, vitamin D, zinc, and selenium are essential for proper ovulation, sperm quality, and embryo implantation. In addition, antioxidants like vitamins A, C, and E help combat oxidative stress, improving reproductive parameters. Likewise, prioritising lean proteins, omega-3 fatty acids and low-glycaemic complex carbohydrates promotes hormone synthesis. Dietary guidelines support the Mediterranean eating pattern and recommend reducing the intake of added sugars and ultra-processed foods. Similarly, a balanced microbiota, boosted by fibre and probiotics, lowers inflammation and improves fertility. Therefore, it is concluded that a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle habits are crucial to improving fertility, and for this reason, this work proposes a series of nutritional recommendations as a strategy to address this issue.
Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Nowadays, it affects a growing number of individuals and couples worldwide. The causes can be diverse, ranging from congenital disorders of the reproductive system to factors related to diet, body weight, physical activity, stress, tobacco or alcohol consumption, and exposure to environmental contaminants. The objectives of this study are to analyse the primary causes of infertility from a nutritional and lifestyle perspective, to identify the most relevant nutrients in reproductive function, and to review the scientific evidence regarding the usefulness of supplementation. The results show that certain micronutrients, such as folic acid, vitamin D, zinc, and selenium are essential for proper ovulation, sperm quality, and embryo implantation. In addition, antioxidants like vitamins A, C, and E help combat oxidative stress, improving reproductive parameters. Likewise, prioritising lean proteins, omega-3 fatty acids and low-glycaemic complex carbohydrates promotes hormone synthesis. Dietary guidelines support the Mediterranean eating pattern and recommend reducing the intake of added sugars and ultra-processed foods. Similarly, a balanced microbiota, boosted by fibre and probiotics, lowers inflammation and improves fertility. Therefore, it is concluded that a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle habits are crucial to improving fertility, and for this reason, this work proposes a series of nutritional recommendations as a strategy to address this issue.
Direction
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
Evaluation of the nutritional status of patients undergoing treatment with GLP-1 analogue drugs and possible interventions to be performed
Authorship
A.S.V.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
A.S.V.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:15
07.16.2025 09:15
Summary
Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease that greatly affects the quality of life of those who suffer from it. In Spain alone, the prevalence of this condition is 23.8% in adult population, and it has a positive growth rate globally. It represents a significant economic cost and an immense challenge for public health in all countries. GLP-1 analogue drugs for the treatment of obesity constitute a new line of therapy and are being widely used worldwide. They are widely accepted due to their effectiveness in controlling appetite regulation, which improves the condition of these individuals. However, it is equally important to determine the needs of these patients to ensure the success of the therapy and their health. This paper aims to study, through an extensive literature review, the hygienic and dietary measures applied in clinical practice during this therapy and their implications for the individual's nutritional status. Furthermore, due to the lack of publications on this topic, we analyzed other types of interventions that could be beneficial and developed a practical guide of recommendations for their possible use in healthcare settings.
Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease that greatly affects the quality of life of those who suffer from it. In Spain alone, the prevalence of this condition is 23.8% in adult population, and it has a positive growth rate globally. It represents a significant economic cost and an immense challenge for public health in all countries. GLP-1 analogue drugs for the treatment of obesity constitute a new line of therapy and are being widely used worldwide. They are widely accepted due to their effectiveness in controlling appetite regulation, which improves the condition of these individuals. However, it is equally important to determine the needs of these patients to ensure the success of the therapy and their health. This paper aims to study, through an extensive literature review, the hygienic and dietary measures applied in clinical practice during this therapy and their implications for the individual's nutritional status. Furthermore, due to the lack of publications on this topic, we analyzed other types of interventions that could be beneficial and developed a practical guide of recommendations for their possible use in healthcare settings.
Direction
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
MARTINEZ OLMOS, MIGUEL ANGEL (Co-tutorships)
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
MARTINEZ OLMOS, MIGUEL ANGEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUBIO, OLGA (Member)
Secondary resistome gene mutagenesis on cefotaxime resistant E. coli
Authorship
Y.S.G.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Y.S.G.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.15.2025 09:30
07.15.2025 09:30
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is one of the main health issues worldwide and it is estimated that because of the massive diffusion of resistance genes among strains this problem is on the increase. Among the pathogens considered critical by the World Health Organization, against whom new therapies are urgent, there is Escherichia coli resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins, such as cefotaxime (CTX); resistance that can be due to the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. The present study seeks to verify the effect on cefotaxime resistance of a gene belonging to the secondary resistome against this antimicrobial agent in two clinical strains of Escherichia coli that produce the CTX-M-1 enzyme. To do this, the mutagenesis of the ybeD gene in both clinical strains, of human and animal origin, was carried out, and subsequently the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) towards CTX in each of the strains, both wild-type (WT) and mutants, was performed; observing a reduction on the MIC in each of the mutants with regards to the corresponding WT. Additionally, a time kill assay from 0 to 24 hours was performed in media supplemented with CTX, approximately 1/2 of the MIC for the WT strains, using all the strains under study. Results showed that the mutant strains’ growth and survival were initially impaired compared to the corresponding WT, and a recovery at 24 hours. In conclusion, the results suggest that the ybeD gene is involved in the resistance to cefotaxime, since its deletion yielded a decrease in the MIC to such antibiotic. Notably, this reduction is lower than that previously obtained in a reference strain of E. coli carrying the blaCTX-M-1 gene.
Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is one of the main health issues worldwide and it is estimated that because of the massive diffusion of resistance genes among strains this problem is on the increase. Among the pathogens considered critical by the World Health Organization, against whom new therapies are urgent, there is Escherichia coli resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins, such as cefotaxime (CTX); resistance that can be due to the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. The present study seeks to verify the effect on cefotaxime resistance of a gene belonging to the secondary resistome against this antimicrobial agent in two clinical strains of Escherichia coli that produce the CTX-M-1 enzyme. To do this, the mutagenesis of the ybeD gene in both clinical strains, of human and animal origin, was carried out, and subsequently the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) towards CTX in each of the strains, both wild-type (WT) and mutants, was performed; observing a reduction on the MIC in each of the mutants with regards to the corresponding WT. Additionally, a time kill assay from 0 to 24 hours was performed in media supplemented with CTX, approximately 1/2 of the MIC for the WT strains, using all the strains under study. Results showed that the mutant strains’ growth and survival were initially impaired compared to the corresponding WT, and a recovery at 24 hours. In conclusion, the results suggest that the ybeD gene is involved in the resistance to cefotaxime, since its deletion yielded a decrease in the MIC to such antibiotic. Notably, this reduction is lower than that previously obtained in a reference strain of E. coli carrying the blaCTX-M-1 gene.
Direction
FRESNO HERRERO, ANA (Tutorships)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Co-tutorships)
FRESNO HERRERO, ANA (Tutorships)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Co-tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Working schedules and their impact on eating habits and health.
Authorship
M.S.A.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
M.S.A.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Given that the patterns and routines followed in everyday life condition the state of health, the aim of this essay is to evaluate the influence of working hours on the eating habits of working people, taking into account both the patterns of intake and the quality of the food consumed, as well as other aspects such as weight gain and the sensation of appetite and satiety. The methodology used to obtain these data was an anonymous survey of a representative sample of the population of Galicia. Data was collected from people working rotating shifts as well as fixed and split shifts, including night shifts. After the analysis of the data obtained, it has been observed that night work schedules are the most difficult for workers to eat a healthy diet, to have an adequate amount of food intake throughout the day and to maintain an optimal weight. Therefore, it would be advisable to include strategies to improve the quality of night workers' diets during the working day as a preventive measure to avoid possible long-term health problems.
Given that the patterns and routines followed in everyday life condition the state of health, the aim of this essay is to evaluate the influence of working hours on the eating habits of working people, taking into account both the patterns of intake and the quality of the food consumed, as well as other aspects such as weight gain and the sensation of appetite and satiety. The methodology used to obtain these data was an anonymous survey of a representative sample of the population of Galicia. Data was collected from people working rotating shifts as well as fixed and split shifts, including night shifts. After the analysis of the data obtained, it has been observed that night work schedules are the most difficult for workers to eat a healthy diet, to have an adequate amount of food intake throughout the day and to maintain an optimal weight. Therefore, it would be advisable to include strategies to improve the quality of night workers' diets during the working day as a preventive measure to avoid possible long-term health problems.
Direction
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
Court
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)
The role of nutrition in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a review of dietary strategies and lifestyle changes
Authorship
G.T.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
G.T.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic dysfunction that represents the most common cause of hyperandrogenism in both adult and adolescent women, affecting between 6% and 13% of women of childbearing age, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Its main clinical manifestations include hormonal imbalances, irregular menstruation, elevated androgen levels, and the presence of ovarian cysts. Furthermore, anovulation and menstrual irregularity are one of the main causes of infertility in women who suffer from this condition. Although PCOS has no definitive cure, several studies suggest that many of its symptoms can be improved through nutritional and pharmacological interventions and lifestyle changes. This article aims to analyze the most effective dietary strategies for the treatment of PCOS, evaluating their impact on hormonal regulation, glucose metabolism, and body composition. To this end, a review of the scientific literature on different dietary approaches will be conducted, such as reducing the glycemic index, macronutrient distribution, the role of the microbiota, and diet quality. The purpose of this work is to provide evidence-based information that can be applied in clinical practice, with the goal of improving the quality of life of patients with PCOS.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic dysfunction that represents the most common cause of hyperandrogenism in both adult and adolescent women, affecting between 6% and 13% of women of childbearing age, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Its main clinical manifestations include hormonal imbalances, irregular menstruation, elevated androgen levels, and the presence of ovarian cysts. Furthermore, anovulation and menstrual irregularity are one of the main causes of infertility in women who suffer from this condition. Although PCOS has no definitive cure, several studies suggest that many of its symptoms can be improved through nutritional and pharmacological interventions and lifestyle changes. This article aims to analyze the most effective dietary strategies for the treatment of PCOS, evaluating their impact on hormonal regulation, glucose metabolism, and body composition. To this end, a review of the scientific literature on different dietary approaches will be conducted, such as reducing the glycemic index, macronutrient distribution, the role of the microbiota, and diet quality. The purpose of this work is to provide evidence-based information that can be applied in clinical practice, with the goal of improving the quality of life of patients with PCOS.
Direction
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Co-tutorships)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Co-tutorships)
Court
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)
Analysis of the content of Uridine, Cytidine and Guanosine in milk consumed in Galicia
Authorship
I.T.G.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
I.T.G.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.15.2025 09:30
07.15.2025 09:30
Summary
The aim of this Final Degree Project is to develop and validate an analytical method that uses a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with gradient elution to assess the nucleosides cytidine, guanosine and uridine in milk. Specifically, it focuses on the analysis of milk samples produced in Galicia, given the economic importance of this sector. The developed method has been applied to several commercial milk samples, allowing us to obtain chromatograms with multiple analytical signals. In this way, it has been possible to identify the peaks corresponding to the metabolites of interest. This was achieved thanks to a detailed study of retention times, the use of reference standards, the application of an overloading method and the analysis of the ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum of the nucleosides in question. The results confirm that the method can simultaneously differentiate and quantify cytidine, guanosine and uridine in milk samples. The validation of the analytical method demonstrates that it is an effective and reproducible tool to study bioactive compounds in food, enabling an improvement in the nutritional quality control of Galician dairy products.
The aim of this Final Degree Project is to develop and validate an analytical method that uses a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with gradient elution to assess the nucleosides cytidine, guanosine and uridine in milk. Specifically, it focuses on the analysis of milk samples produced in Galicia, given the economic importance of this sector. The developed method has been applied to several commercial milk samples, allowing us to obtain chromatograms with multiple analytical signals. In this way, it has been possible to identify the peaks corresponding to the metabolites of interest. This was achieved thanks to a detailed study of retention times, the use of reference standards, the application of an overloading method and the analysis of the ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum of the nucleosides in question. The results confirm that the method can simultaneously differentiate and quantify cytidine, guanosine and uridine in milk samples. The validation of the analytical method demonstrates that it is an effective and reproducible tool to study bioactive compounds in food, enabling an improvement in the nutritional quality control of Galician dairy products.
Direction
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Tutorships)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Tutorships)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
The role of RASFF in the protectition of the public health from the use of areca nuts
Authorship
P.V.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
P.V.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Areca nut is a product consumed in Asia and the Pacific, whose presence in the European Union has generated concern due to its adverse effects on public health. Its consumption is associated with the development of oral cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurotoxic effects. Despite its traditional uses and bioactive properties, the European Union has imposed restrictions on its marketing and consumption. The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) plays a key role in food safety in the European market. Through notifications, it makes it possible to identify the presence of products such as areca nut in imported foodstuffs. Thanks to this notification system, information circulates rapidly throughout the EU, alerting about the possible circulation of products that are hazardous to health and facilitating decision-making to protect consumers. This paper reviews the properties of areca nut, explains how the RASFF works and links it to the role it plays in detecting hazardous agents within the European Union to protect public health.
Areca nut is a product consumed in Asia and the Pacific, whose presence in the European Union has generated concern due to its adverse effects on public health. Its consumption is associated with the development of oral cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurotoxic effects. Despite its traditional uses and bioactive properties, the European Union has imposed restrictions on its marketing and consumption. The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) plays a key role in food safety in the European market. Through notifications, it makes it possible to identify the presence of products such as areca nut in imported foodstuffs. Thanks to this notification system, information circulates rapidly throughout the EU, alerting about the possible circulation of products that are hazardous to health and facilitating decision-making to protect consumers. This paper reviews the properties of areca nut, explains how the RASFF works and links it to the role it plays in detecting hazardous agents within the European Union to protect public health.
Direction
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Tutorships)
Sinisterra Loaiza, Laura Isabel (Co-tutorships)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Tutorships)
Sinisterra Loaiza, Laura Isabel (Co-tutorships)
Court
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)
Characteristics of community interventions targeting alcohol drinking in university students: a scoping review
Authorship
L.V.F.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
L.V.F.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Introduction: Alcohol consumption in University students is a public health problem due to the high prevalence and its impact increasing the risk of liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Several studies have reported university environment in itself represents a risk factor for increased alcohol use, with higher rates compared with their non-university peers. Objective: To describe the related studies with implementation or evaluation of community interventions designed to reduce alcohol consumption in university students reported in the scientific literature. Methodology: Scoping Review, about articles where an intervention had been implemented, published between 2019 to 2024. Following PRISMA-ScR guideline, using MEDLINE and Scopus as database. Inclusion criteria were established: studies about implemention or evaluation of community intervention for the prevention or reduction of alcohol consumption aimed at the university population, in which there is an evolution of their effectiveness. Based on these, the search strategies were designed. A content and descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: 13 studies were included that met the inclusion criteria of selection in wich different preventive measures were applied, like awareness campaigns, educational strategies or different programs, bases on cuantitative (n=10) and cualitative (n=3) studies. Most interventions (n=8) showed a moderate effectiveness in the reduction of alcohol consumption in the short term. One of the most effective intervention was ECALC, focused on reducing alcohol consumption among college students through expectancy and media literacy. Conclusions: Community interventions in university environment show a potential to reduce alcohol use, mainly combining behavioural strategies with an educational approach. Nevertheless, a long term evaluation of interventions is needed to strengthen the evidence available. This work contributes to the mapping of current initiatives and to provide a documental base in the design of prevention strategies.
Introduction: Alcohol consumption in University students is a public health problem due to the high prevalence and its impact increasing the risk of liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Several studies have reported university environment in itself represents a risk factor for increased alcohol use, with higher rates compared with their non-university peers. Objective: To describe the related studies with implementation or evaluation of community interventions designed to reduce alcohol consumption in university students reported in the scientific literature. Methodology: Scoping Review, about articles where an intervention had been implemented, published between 2019 to 2024. Following PRISMA-ScR guideline, using MEDLINE and Scopus as database. Inclusion criteria were established: studies about implemention or evaluation of community intervention for the prevention or reduction of alcohol consumption aimed at the university population, in which there is an evolution of their effectiveness. Based on these, the search strategies were designed. A content and descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: 13 studies were included that met the inclusion criteria of selection in wich different preventive measures were applied, like awareness campaigns, educational strategies or different programs, bases on cuantitative (n=10) and cualitative (n=3) studies. Most interventions (n=8) showed a moderate effectiveness in the reduction of alcohol consumption in the short term. One of the most effective intervention was ECALC, focused on reducing alcohol consumption among college students through expectancy and media literacy. Conclusions: Community interventions in university environment show a potential to reduce alcohol use, mainly combining behavioural strategies with an educational approach. Nevertheless, a long term evaluation of interventions is needed to strengthen the evidence available. This work contributes to the mapping of current initiatives and to provide a documental base in the design of prevention strategies.
Direction
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Tutorships)
Ortiz Moncada, María del Rocío (Co-tutorships)
FRANCO ABUIN, CARLOS MANUEL (Tutorships)
Ortiz Moncada, María del Rocío (Co-tutorships)
Court
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)
Hospital malnutrition: role of the Dietitian - Nutritionist.
Authorship
C.V.A.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
C.V.A.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
This Final Degree Project addresses the issue of the minimal presence of the Dietitian Nutritionists in the National Health System from the perspective of hospital malnutrition and the degree of patient satisfaction with the food offered in the hospital setting. The study focused on the analysis of the basal diet and the satisfaction surveys provided by the nutrition and endocrinology department of the University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS). Following the evaluation of the data, deficiencies are evident in menu design and non compliance with current recommendations regarding food portions for achieving healthy and sustainable nutrition. Furthermore, although the questionnaire used to assess patient satisfaction presents methodological limitations that prevent the extraction of exact quantitative evaluations, it has allowed for the identification of problems in the menus such as lack of variety, poor preparation or lack of adaptation to the gastronomy of the region in which the hospital is located. The conclusions obtained allow us to affirm the need for greater involvement and effective inclusion of Dietitian-Nutritionists in the Spanish National Health System to, among other things, improve the quality of hospital food through the correct design of hospital diets and the prevention and treatment of hospital malnutrition, therapy enabling and improvement in the quality of care.
This Final Degree Project addresses the issue of the minimal presence of the Dietitian Nutritionists in the National Health System from the perspective of hospital malnutrition and the degree of patient satisfaction with the food offered in the hospital setting. The study focused on the analysis of the basal diet and the satisfaction surveys provided by the nutrition and endocrinology department of the University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS). Following the evaluation of the data, deficiencies are evident in menu design and non compliance with current recommendations regarding food portions for achieving healthy and sustainable nutrition. Furthermore, although the questionnaire used to assess patient satisfaction presents methodological limitations that prevent the extraction of exact quantitative evaluations, it has allowed for the identification of problems in the menus such as lack of variety, poor preparation or lack of adaptation to the gastronomy of the region in which the hospital is located. The conclusions obtained allow us to affirm the need for greater involvement and effective inclusion of Dietitian-Nutritionists in the Spanish National Health System to, among other things, improve the quality of hospital food through the correct design of hospital diets and the prevention and treatment of hospital malnutrition, therapy enabling and improvement in the quality of care.
Direction
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
Court
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)
Study of GTX2,3 conversion in mollusc matrices of galician origin
Authorship
B.V.D.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
B.V.D.
Biochemistry Degree (2nd Ed.)
Defense date
07.15.2025 09:30
07.15.2025 09:30
Summary
Phycotoxins are toxic compounds generated by microalgae in harmful algal blooms. With climate change, these blooms have increased their frequency of appearance and intensity, accumulating large concentrations of marine toxins in the water, and negatively affecting the rest of the organisms present in the ecosystem. Among the various phycotoxins produced by microalgae, PSP stand out, as some of the most powerful neurotoxins known, which cause paralytic shellfish poisoning when ingested. Humans can suffer this poisoning by consuming bivalve mollusks found in contaminated water. The bivalves filter the water, and in the process, they retain the PSP toxins, making their consumption potentially lethal. For this reason, there is a European regulation of PSP in seafood that establishes the maximum concentrations of toxins that can be detected in a mollusk, to guarantee a safe consumption. However, detecting a PSP toxin in water does not imply that it will be detected in the mollusk collected in that medium. There is evidence of several species of bivalve mollusks that are capable of transforming some PSP toxins into others in their matrix through enzymatic processes, so it is essential to know what transformations each specie carries out to establish their safety, from the point of view of the risk of ingestion during the shellfish consumption. In this work, we analyze what transformations are carried out by two of the most commercialized species in Galicia, Venerupis corrugata and Ensis magnus. Specifically, the ability to transform GTX2,3 toxins is analyzed, and the results obtained indicate a notable difference between the two mollusks. In Venerupis corrugata no signs of transformation were found, while in Ensis magnus the conversion of GTX2,3 to C1,2 was observed, a transformation found only in dinoflagellates so far, but not in other mollusks.
Phycotoxins are toxic compounds generated by microalgae in harmful algal blooms. With climate change, these blooms have increased their frequency of appearance and intensity, accumulating large concentrations of marine toxins in the water, and negatively affecting the rest of the organisms present in the ecosystem. Among the various phycotoxins produced by microalgae, PSP stand out, as some of the most powerful neurotoxins known, which cause paralytic shellfish poisoning when ingested. Humans can suffer this poisoning by consuming bivalve mollusks found in contaminated water. The bivalves filter the water, and in the process, they retain the PSP toxins, making their consumption potentially lethal. For this reason, there is a European regulation of PSP in seafood that establishes the maximum concentrations of toxins that can be detected in a mollusk, to guarantee a safe consumption. However, detecting a PSP toxin in water does not imply that it will be detected in the mollusk collected in that medium. There is evidence of several species of bivalve mollusks that are capable of transforming some PSP toxins into others in their matrix through enzymatic processes, so it is essential to know what transformations each specie carries out to establish their safety, from the point of view of the risk of ingestion during the shellfish consumption. In this work, we analyze what transformations are carried out by two of the most commercialized species in Galicia, Venerupis corrugata and Ensis magnus. Specifically, the ability to transform GTX2,3 toxins is analyzed, and the results obtained indicate a notable difference between the two mollusks. In Venerupis corrugata no signs of transformation were found, while in Ensis magnus the conversion of GTX2,3 to C1,2 was observed, a transformation found only in dinoflagellates so far, but not in other mollusks.
Direction
BOTANA LOPEZ, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
REY LOPEZ, VERONICA (Co-tutorships)
BOTANA LOPEZ, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
REY LOPEZ, VERONICA (Co-tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Chairman)
LOPEZ PEDROUSO, MARIA DOLORES (Secretary)
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Member)
Exclusive breastfeeding and microbiota of the infant: Importance for health
Authorship
M.V.D.L.F.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
M.V.D.L.F.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Introduction:The microbiota is the set of microorganisms that colonize the organism. Its composition varies throughout life. They perform four essential functions: metabolic, neuroendocrine, immunomodulatory and protective. The first 1000 days of life are a critical period in which permanent adaptations may appear in cells and tissues. Exclusive breastfeeding is the preventive intervention with the greatest impact on infant mortality, as a result of its composition in breast milk oligosaccharides, bioactive compounds and short chain fatty acids. Objectives:To investigate the effects of exclusive breastfeeding on the establishment of the microbiome and clinical effects and, secondarily, to know other factors that may modulate the establishment of the microbiome, as well as the effect of mother’s milk oligosaccharides on microbiota and health. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out between the months of January and March 2025 through the databases PUBMED, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Cochrane Library using the following MESH terms gut microbiota, gastrointestinal microbiome, probiotics, breast milk, human milk oligosaccharides, gastrointestinal system, immune system, neurodevelopment, health status. Results and discussion: A total of 10 articles were selected that explored the relationship between breastfeeding and intestinal microbiota. It is associated with an increase in Bifidobacterium and a decrease in Escherichia coli and Clostridium difficile in infants. In addition, in this group of infants, higher immunological tolerance, lower risk of gastrointestinal infections, greater development of fine motor skills and less use of antibiotics are observed. Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding may be a good way to promote the establishment of a healthy microbiota. This positively affects the maturity of the immune and digestive systems, as well as a reduction in the risk of developing certain diseases in childhood and adulthood.
Introduction:The microbiota is the set of microorganisms that colonize the organism. Its composition varies throughout life. They perform four essential functions: metabolic, neuroendocrine, immunomodulatory and protective. The first 1000 days of life are a critical period in which permanent adaptations may appear in cells and tissues. Exclusive breastfeeding is the preventive intervention with the greatest impact on infant mortality, as a result of its composition in breast milk oligosaccharides, bioactive compounds and short chain fatty acids. Objectives:To investigate the effects of exclusive breastfeeding on the establishment of the microbiome and clinical effects and, secondarily, to know other factors that may modulate the establishment of the microbiome, as well as the effect of mother’s milk oligosaccharides on microbiota and health. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out between the months of January and March 2025 through the databases PUBMED, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Cochrane Library using the following MESH terms gut microbiota, gastrointestinal microbiome, probiotics, breast milk, human milk oligosaccharides, gastrointestinal system, immune system, neurodevelopment, health status. Results and discussion: A total of 10 articles were selected that explored the relationship between breastfeeding and intestinal microbiota. It is associated with an increase in Bifidobacterium and a decrease in Escherichia coli and Clostridium difficile in infants. In addition, in this group of infants, higher immunological tolerance, lower risk of gastrointestinal infections, greater development of fine motor skills and less use of antibiotics are observed. Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding may be a good way to promote the establishment of a healthy microbiota. This positively affects the maturity of the immune and digestive systems, as well as a reduction in the risk of developing certain diseases in childhood and adulthood.
Direction
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Aguilera Gómez, Margarita (Co-tutorships)
Ruiz Rodríguez, Alicia (Co-tutorships)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Aguilera Gómez, Margarita (Co-tutorships)
Ruiz Rodríguez, Alicia (Co-tutorships)
Court
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)
Design project of an industrial warehouse with an integrated cold storage room
Authorship
O.V.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
O.V.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
Defense date
07.15.2025 10:00
07.15.2025 10:00
Summary
In the following project, the design of an industrial warehouse with an integrated cold storage chamber is carried out to increase the storage capacity for dairy products, both those that can be kept at room temperature and those requiring storage at sub-zero temperatures. It is essential to ensure optimal preservation of the products without altering their conditions. For this reason, the project’s promoter has specified that the warehouse must have sufficiently large dimensions to store substantial quantities of products for subsequent commercialization, both in the ambient temperature storage area and in the cold storage chamber. A 20m x 10m warehouse will be constructed, which will include a cold storage chamber with a volume of 50 m3 and space for up to 600 pallets of finished products. The facility will also include areas such as a laboratory, offices, and a restroom. For the design of the cold storage chamber, the first step involved calculating pressure losses and selecting appropriate insulation. Once these factors were determined, the necessary equipment for optimal operation was selected. The warehouse will feature a retractable gate to facilitate easy loading and unloading of trucks. This project will also include the calculation of the electrical demand required for the operation of all equipment.
In the following project, the design of an industrial warehouse with an integrated cold storage chamber is carried out to increase the storage capacity for dairy products, both those that can be kept at room temperature and those requiring storage at sub-zero temperatures. It is essential to ensure optimal preservation of the products without altering their conditions. For this reason, the project’s promoter has specified that the warehouse must have sufficiently large dimensions to store substantial quantities of products for subsequent commercialization, both in the ambient temperature storage area and in the cold storage chamber. A 20m x 10m warehouse will be constructed, which will include a cold storage chamber with a volume of 50 m3 and space for up to 600 pallets of finished products. The facility will also include areas such as a laboratory, offices, and a restroom. For the design of the cold storage chamber, the first step involved calculating pressure losses and selecting appropriate insulation. Once these factors were determined, the necessary equipment for optimal operation was selected. The warehouse will feature a retractable gate to facilitate easy loading and unloading of trucks. This project will also include the calculation of the electrical demand required for the operation of all equipment.
Direction
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Tutorships)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
LU CHAU, THELMO ALEJANDRO (Secretary)
ORTIGUEIRA AMOR, JUAN MANUEL (Member)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
LU CHAU, THELMO ALEJANDRO (Secretary)
ORTIGUEIRA AMOR, JUAN MANUEL (Member)
Nutritional approach to patients with chronic renal failure in the predialysis phase
Authorship
I.V.C.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
I.V.C.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent disease and is associated with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN) or obesity. Its progression in the predialysis phase can be slowed down by an appropriate nutritional intervention. This work aims to identify in the scientific literature the most appropriate dietary-nutritional approach for the patient with CKD in the predialysis phase, evaluating the main nutrients involved, the effectiveness of specific diets and the role of the intestinal microbiota. In this narrative review of the literature, information extracted from the Scopus and Web of Science databases was used, selecting works published between the years 2020 and 2025. The observed results highlight that dietary interventions in CKD should prioritize the quality and origin of nutrients, also taking into account their bioavailability according to the food source. The consumption of plant-based proteins favors the control of metabolic acidosis and, in addition, this type of food provides other nutrients of interest such as fiber, which has positive effects in the context of CKD. The adoption of specific dietary patterns such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) or the Mediterranean Renal (MedRen) diet, and low-protein (LP) or very low-energy ketogenic diets, can improve the control of comorbidities and complications of the disease. Their adoption requires professional supervision to ensure adherence and nutritional coverage. On the other hand, the modulation of the intestinal microbiota through the consumption of fiber, using plant foods and prebiotics, emerges as a promising strategy to restore the microbial balance, often altered in these patients, and improve the prognosis of CKD.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent disease and is associated with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN) or obesity. Its progression in the predialysis phase can be slowed down by an appropriate nutritional intervention. This work aims to identify in the scientific literature the most appropriate dietary-nutritional approach for the patient with CKD in the predialysis phase, evaluating the main nutrients involved, the effectiveness of specific diets and the role of the intestinal microbiota. In this narrative review of the literature, information extracted from the Scopus and Web of Science databases was used, selecting works published between the years 2020 and 2025. The observed results highlight that dietary interventions in CKD should prioritize the quality and origin of nutrients, also taking into account their bioavailability according to the food source. The consumption of plant-based proteins favors the control of metabolic acidosis and, in addition, this type of food provides other nutrients of interest such as fiber, which has positive effects in the context of CKD. The adoption of specific dietary patterns such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) or the Mediterranean Renal (MedRen) diet, and low-protein (LP) or very low-energy ketogenic diets, can improve the control of comorbidities and complications of the disease. Their adoption requires professional supervision to ensure adherence and nutritional coverage. On the other hand, the modulation of the intestinal microbiota through the consumption of fiber, using plant foods and prebiotics, emerges as a promising strategy to restore the microbial balance, often altered in these patients, and improve the prognosis of CKD.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)
Heme Iron Metabolism and Its Possible Implication in the Development of Colorectal Cancer
Authorship
D.Z.B.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
D.Z.B.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2025 09:30
07.16.2025 09:30
Summary
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common carcinomas today, especially in Western countries, mainly due to high consumption of animal products (especially red and processed meats), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (important sources of fibre) and a sedentary lifestyle. In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified processed meats as ‘direct carcinogens’ in humans (group 1) and red meats as ‘probably carcinogenic’ (group 2A). One of the reasons that could explain this relationship is the excessive intake of heme iron associated with high consumption of red meat. Heme, unlike the inorganic iron present in vegetables, is associated with pro-oxidative and lipid peroxidation processes, as well as with the formation of N-nitroso compounds in the colon and the development of intestinal dysbiosis. All of this can cause long-term damage to the genetic material of colonic epithelial cells, promoting the development of colorectal carcinoma. Currently, epidemiological and experimental evidence seems to directly link heme iron as the main factor responsible for the development of colonic neoplasia associated with the consumption of red and processed meat. However, these studies present various confounding factors that may interfere with this relationship, so it cannot currently be stated with certainty that heme in red and processed meat is the main cause of the carcinogenic effect of these foods. Similarly, this association is entirely feasible, and heme as the main factor, together with other compounds in red and processed meats, could be the triggers of the carcinogenic effect of these foods in the long term at the level of the large intestine.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common carcinomas today, especially in Western countries, mainly due to high consumption of animal products (especially red and processed meats), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (important sources of fibre) and a sedentary lifestyle. In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified processed meats as ‘direct carcinogens’ in humans (group 1) and red meats as ‘probably carcinogenic’ (group 2A). One of the reasons that could explain this relationship is the excessive intake of heme iron associated with high consumption of red meat. Heme, unlike the inorganic iron present in vegetables, is associated with pro-oxidative and lipid peroxidation processes, as well as with the formation of N-nitroso compounds in the colon and the development of intestinal dysbiosis. All of this can cause long-term damage to the genetic material of colonic epithelial cells, promoting the development of colorectal carcinoma. Currently, epidemiological and experimental evidence seems to directly link heme iron as the main factor responsible for the development of colonic neoplasia associated with the consumption of red and processed meat. However, these studies present various confounding factors that may interfere with this relationship, so it cannot currently be stated with certainty that heme in red and processed meat is the main cause of the carcinogenic effect of these foods. Similarly, this association is entirely feasible, and heme as the main factor, together with other compounds in red and processed meats, could be the triggers of the carcinogenic effect of these foods in the long term at the level of the large intestine.
Direction
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Chairman)
LENDOIRO BELIO, ELENA (Secretary)
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Member)