ECTS credits ECTS credits: 3
ECTS Hours Rules/Memories Student's work ECTS: 49.5 Hours of tutorials: 1.5 Expository Class: 12 Interactive Classroom: 12 Total: 75
Use languages Spanish, Galician
Type: Ordinary Degree Subject RD 1393/2007 - 822/2021
Departments: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Areas: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Center Faculty of Veterinary Science
Call: Second Semester
Teaching: With teaching
Enrolment: Enrollable | 1st year (Yes)
A) INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT
The basic metabolic pathways in the cell are studied in the Biochemistry course, which is taught in the first semester of the degree. Nevertheless, higher organisms are made by distinct types of specialized cells which are grouped into tissues with specific functions. The metabolic processes depend on the tissue function so that not all the metabolic pathways happen in every type of specialized cell; on the contrary, each tissue from an animal organism has a specific “metabolic profile” established by its function. In order to operate properly, the metabolic processes that occur in the different tissues of a particular organism have to be strictly regulated and coordinated according to the nutritional status of the animal, the physical exercise it performs, etc.
In this subject -Integration of Metabolism- the metabolic processes are put in the context of the animal as a whole (not in that of a standard cell), which allows students to make use of the knowledge about metabolism acquired in the Biochemistry course. This subjetct will help students to understand the molecular basis of some physiological processes of animals (glycemia regulation, metabolic changes in fasting and feeding, metabolic changes in exercise and rest, lactation, differences between ruminant and monogastric animals), and also to understand the causes of some animal pathologies related to the metabolism (hypoglycaemia, ketosis, diabetes).
B) OBJECTIVES
• To analyze the differences of the metabolic profiles among different animal tissues
• To study the metabolic interrelationships among the different organs and tissues under different physiological and pathological situations
• To analyze the main metabolic differences between monogastric and ruminant animals
• To know the molecular basis of some metabolic pathologies of the animals
• To use some laboratory techniques and to become familiar with the scientific methodology used in the field of life sciences
• To learn scientific terminology related to life sciences
THEORETICAL CONTENTS
Chapter 1. Metabolic profiles of different tissues and organs
1. Biochemistry processes that occur at the digestive system. Enzymatic digestion of nutrients in monogastric animals. Digestion and abortion of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Formation of chylomicrons for the transport of the lipids of diet. Digestion of carbohydrates in ruminants: ruminal fermentations. Digestion of lipids and proteins in ruminants. Digestive processes in horses.
2. The blood as the mediator of the metabolic interrelactionships among the different organs. Composition of the blood. The main metabolic pathways in erythrocytes. Heme metabolism. Serum proteins. Glucose homeostasis. Transport of lipids in the blood: metabolism of lipoproteins.
3. The role of the liver as the central organ in the coordination and regulation of the metabolism. Fuels stored and used by the liver. Metabolic pathways in the liver. The role of the liver in the regulation of glycemia: differences between monogastric and ruminants. Ketogenesis. Molecular basis of ketosis. Ketoacidosis.
4. Energetic metabolism of the brain. Energy expenditure in the brain. Energetic substrates used in the brain. Role of the astrocytes in the energetic metabolism of the brain.
5. Energetic metabolism of the muscle. Biochemical characteristics of the different types of muscular fibers. ATP expenditure in the muscle. Fuels used by the muscle: origin and forms of degradation. Metabolic adaptations to training.
6. Metabolism of the adipose tissue. The formation and the mobilization of triglycerides in the adipose tissue: differences between monogastric and ruminants. The endocrine role of the adipose tissue. Brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis.
7. Biochemistry of the mammary gland. General aspects of the biology of lactation. Biochemical composition of milk. Physical-chemical properties of milk. Biosynthesis and secretion of the components of milk: lactose, fat and proteins.
Chapter 2. Metabolic coordination and integration
8. Hormonal regulation of the energetic metabolism in mammals. Metabolic pathways regulated by insulin, glucagon and adrenaline.
9. Metabolic interrelationships among different organs and tissues. Metabolic changes during normal starved-fed cycle. Metabolic alterations in diabetes mellitus.
LABORATORY PRACTICES
Session 1. Separation of serum proteins by agarose gel electrophoresis. Interpretation of electrophoretic patterns of serum proteins (proteinograms) from different species of domestic animals. Handling of micropipettes, electrophoresis equipment and gel analysis equipment (3 h laboratory work)
Session 1. Determination of the glucose levels in serum from different species of domestic animals (ruminants and non-ruminants) by enzymatic colorimetric method. Handling of micropipettes and spectrophotometer (3 h laboratory work).
BASIC BOOKS
- NELSON, D.L. & COX, M.M., Lehninger Principios de Bioquímica, 7ª ed., Ed. Omega, Barcelona, 2018.
- TYMOCZKO, J.L., BERG, J.M. & STRYER, L., Bioquímica: curso básico. Ed. Reverté; Barcelona, 2014.
- STRYER,L; BERG, J.M. & TYMOCZCO, J.L., Bioquímica con aplicaciones clínicas, 7ª ed., Ed. Reverté, Barcelona, 2013.
- MCKEE, T. & MCKEE, J.R. Bioquímica: las bases moleculares de la vida. 5ª ed., Ed. McGRawHill Interamericana, México, 2014 (versión electrónica).
- VOET, D., VOET, J. & PRAT, C.W., Fundamentos de bioquímica: la vida a nivel molecular. 4ª ed., Ed. Panamericana, Buenos Aires, 2016 (versión electrónica)
- KOOLMAN, J. & RÖHM, K.H., Bioquímica: texto y atlas, 4ª ed., Ed. Médica Panamericana, Madrid, 2012.
- FERRIER, D.R., Bioquímica LIR, 7ª ed., Ed. Wolters Kluver; Narcelona, 2017.
- RODWELL, V. & HARPER, A., Bioquímica ilustrada, 30ª ed., Ed, McGraw Hill Interamericana, México, 2016 (versión electrónica)
COMPLEMENTARY (SPECIALIZED) BOOKS:
- ENGELKING, L.R., Textbook of Veterinary Physiological Chemistry, 3rd ed. Ed. Academic Press, San Diego, 2015. (versión electrónica).
- KANEKO, J. J, HARVEY, J. W. & BRUSS, M. L., (eds.), Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals., 6th ed. Ed. Academic Press, San Diego, 2008.
- DIJKSTRA, J., FORBES, J.M. & FRANCE, J., (eds.) Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism, 2ª ed. Ed. CAB International, Wallingford; 2005.
- LIEBERMANS, M.& PEET, A., Basic Medical biochemistry: a clinical approach., 5th. ed., Ed. Lippincott Willians & Wilkins, 2018
- BERG, J.M., TYMOCZKO,J.L. & STRYER, L., Bioquímica: aplicaciones clínicas, 7ª ed., . Reverté, Barcelona, 2015
- BAYNES, J.W. & DOMINICZAK, M.H., Bioquímica médica, 5ª ed., Ed. Elsevier, Barcelona, 2019
- McSWEENEY, P.L.H. & FOX, P.F. (eds.) Advanced dairy chemistry, vol. 1A: proteins, basic aspects, 4ª ed., Ed. Springer, New York, 2013.
- McSWEENEY, P.L.H., FOX, P.F. & MAHONY, J.A.,(eds.) Advanced dairy chemistry, vol. 2: lipids, 4ª ed., Ed. Springer, New York, 2020
- McSWEENEY, P.L.H. & FOX, P.F. (eds.) Advanced dairy chemistry, vol. 3: lactose, water, salts and minor constituentes, 3ª ed.,
Ed. Springer, New York, 2009.
GENERAL COMPETENCES (GVUSC)
GVUSC 01. Ability to learn and adapt
GVUSC 02. Capability for analysis and synthesis
GVUSC 04. Planning and work management
GVUSC 05. Capability to put knowledge into practice
SPECIFIC DISCIPLINARY COMPETENCES (CEDVUSC)
CEDVUSC 04. Physical, chemical and molecular bases ofthe major processesthat take place in the animal organism
CEDVUSC 16. To know the basic analytical techniques and its interpretation
SPECIFIC PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES - DAY-ONE SKILLS (D1VUSC)
D1VUSC 03. Perform standard laboratory tests, and interpret clinical, biological and chemical results
SPECIFIC ACADEMIC COMPETENCES (CEAVUSC)
CEAVUSC 08. Being aware of the need to keep professional skills and knowledge up-to-date through a process of lifelong learning.
TRANSVERSAL COMPETENCES (CTVUSC)
CTVUSC 01. Capacity for reasoning and argument
CTVUSC 02. Ability to obtain adequate, diverse and updated information by various means such as literature and Internet information, and critically analyze it
According to the "Directrices para o desenvolvemento dunha docencia presencial segura no curso académico 2020-2021" approved by USC, three possible scenarios are provided:
Scenario 1. ADAPTED NORMALITY
The fundamental theoretical contents will be developed in lectures (20) and seminars (2) completed with the sessions of non-contact individual work. Didactic material of each unit will be delivered to the students through the virtual classroom. To promote the active participation of students, teaching will be completed with two tutorial sessions (2 h/session; 10 students/group) in which the main topics of the subject will be revised and discussed by asking different questions.
The practical contents will be developed in two laboratory sessions (3 h each), in groups of 20 students working in pairs. Students are required to keep a Laboratory Practice Manual available on-line and drawn up by the course teachers. The Manual contained various sections, including the theoretical background, the description of the principles and applications of electrophoresis and a detailed description of the materials and procedures. In the first session, the students carry out the agarose gel electrophoresis: loading and running samples and staining/destaining the gel. In the second session, the students determine the glucose level in serum using an enzymatic method. After laboratory work was completed, students must deliver a practice report interpreting and discussing about the obtained experimental data. This practice report will be assessed.
The recommended hygienic health measures will be maintained in all teaching activities, including the mandatory mask when it is not possible to guarantee the recommended minimum distance. All students must go to the laboratory practices provided with a mask, latex gloves and a lab coat.
Scenario 2. DISTANCING
Lectures and seminars will be online using institutional tools: virtual classroom and MS Teams. The in-person laboratory practices will be conducted with groups of 10 students working individualy, and the laboratory work will be completed with a online session. Schedules will be maintained. After laboratory work was completed, students must deliver a practice report interpreting and discussing about the obtained experimental data. This practice report will be assessed.
Scenario 3. CLOSURE OF FACULTY
All teaching (lectures, seminars and lab practices) will be conducted online using institutional tools: virtual classroom and MS Teams. Schedules will be maintained. A video recording showing step by step the techniques and methodology used in the lab practices will be available for students in the virtual classroom. Students must deliver an individual practice report interpreting and discussing about the experimental supplied data. This practice report will be assessed.
Students must choose one of the following alternative evaluation options:
OPTION 1. CONTINUOS ASSESSMENT
1) Assessment of laboratory practical work (15% of total mark). It will be assessed the skill in the use of the laboratory material, the comprehension of the principles of the used techniques, the ability to analyze the obtained data (laboratory report).
2) Assessment of active participation in contact classes and resolution of the raised questions (30% of total mark).
3) Assessment of the ability to apply knowledge adquired (55% of the total mark) trhouhg a final written proof.
OPTION 2. FINAL EXAMINATION
Assessment of the ability to relate and apply both theoretical and practical knowledge covered in the subject. The exam will consist of 2 parts: (a) test and (b) open-ended questions.
Option 2 will be the only evaluation option in the second-chance.
REQUIREMENTS:
1. Attendance and active participation in the laboratory sessions is mandatory to pass the course (except in the scenario 3).
2. To pass the continuous assessment, students should achieve a minimum score of 3.5/10 in the last proof (section 3 of continuous assessment).
3. To pass the final exam students should achieve a minimum overall score of 5/10 and a minimum score of 1.75/5 in each part: (a) test and (b) open-ended questions.
CONDUCTING CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT TESTS AND FINAL EXAMINATION
- Scenario 1: both the continuous assessment tests and the final exam will be done in-person.
- Scenario 2: both the continuous assessment tests and the final exam would be carried out in-person or online through the virtual classroom, depending on what the health and academic authorities dictate.
- Scenario 3: both the continuous assessment tests and the final exam will be carried out online through the virtual classroom.
In such a case of fraudulent performance of exams or tests, the "Normativa de avaliación do rendemento académico dos
estudantes e de revisión de cualificacións” will be applied.
TOTAL WORKING HOURS: 75
1. In-person classes and exams: 35 h, distributed as follows:
- 20 h lectures
- 2 h seminars
- 6 h lab practices
- 4 h tutorial sessions
- 3 h proofs and exams
2. Study time and individual work: 40 h, distributed as follows:
- assimilation of theoretical contents: 34 hours
- preparation of lab practices report: 6 hours
The estimated study time and personal work to pass the subject are maintained in the three scenarios provided.
Students are encouraged to dedicate a time of study and personal work just after every lecture in order to understand and to extend the information received.
CONTINGENCY PLAN
Methodology
Scenario 2
Lectures and seminars will be online using institutional tools: virtual classroom and MS Teams. The in-person laboratory practices will be conducted with groups of 10 students and the laboratory work will be completed with a online session. Schedules will be maintained.
Scenario 3
All teaching (lectures, seminars and lab practices) will be conducted online using institutional tools: virtual classroom and MS Teams. Schedules will be maintained.
Evaluation
- Scenario 1: both the continuous assessment tests and the final exam will be done in-person
- Scenario2: both the continuous assessment tests and the final exam would be carried out in person or online through the virtual classroom, depending on what the health and academic authorities dictate.
- Scenario 3: both the continuous assessment tests and the final exam will be carried out online through the virtual classroom
Jose Antonio Villamarin Cid
Coordinador/a- Department
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Area
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- antonio.villamarin [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Lecturer
| Monday | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 13:00-14:00 | Grupo /TI-ECTS01 | Spanish | Auditorium |
| Tuesday | |||
| 11:00-12:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Auditorium |
| 11:00-12:00 | Grupo /CLE_02 | Spanish | Auditorium |
| Wednesday | |||
| 13:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Auditorium |
| 13:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_02 | Spanish | Auditorium |
| Friday | |||
| 13:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Auditorium |
| 13:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_02 | Spanish | Auditorium |
| 05.18.2021 09:00-11:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 1 |
| 05.18.2021 09:00-11:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 2 |
| 05.18.2021 09:00-11:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 3 |
| 06.21.2021 18:00-20:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 3 |
| 06.21.2021 18:00-20:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Classroom 4 |