ECTS credits ECTS credits: 6
ECTS Hours Rules/Memories Student's work ECTS: 92.5 Hours of tutorials: 0.5 Expository Class: 30 Interactive Classroom: 27 Total: 150
Use languages Spanish, Galician
Type: Ordinary Degree Subject RD 1393/2007 - 822/2021
Departments: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Parasitology
Areas: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Microbiology
Center Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
Call: Second Semester
Teaching: Sin docencia (Extinguida)
Enrolment: No Matriculable | 1st year (Yes)
Know the basic physiological and morphological characteristics of different microorganisms of interest in Oral Microbiology, so that they could understand the more specific aspects of the subject.
Understand the importance of the control of microorganisms and the main methods for doing so.
Know the basics of immune system and the mechanisms of immune response activation.
Understand infectious diseases as the result of the interaction between microorganisms and host and the main mechanisms of pathogenesis of infectious diseases.
Know the etiology, pathogenesis, and antimicrobial treatment of major infectious diseases of the oral cavity.
Know and understand the rationale of antibiotic therapy and the major mechanisms of resistance of microorganisms against chemotherapy.
Get an overview of microorganisms as causative agents of systemic disease and its impact on the oral health.
To explore the basic principles of immunology which allow us to understand the different responses from the human immune system.
Unit 1: Introduction to Microbiology.
Concept of Microbiology. History. The levels of cellular organization. Main groups of microorganisms. Microbiological methods: the basics of microscopy. Microbial staining. The study of microbial populations: the culture of microorganisms.
RUNNING TIME: 0.5 Sessions
Unit 2: Morphology of bacterial cell.
Bacterial size and shape. Structure of the bacterial cell. Required elements: cell wall: structure and types, wall-less prokaryotes. The cytoplasmic membrane and mesosomes. The bacterial cytoplasm. Ribosomes. The bacterial nucleoid. Non-required elements. Glycocalix: capsule and slime. Appendix: flagella, fimbriae and Pilli. Extranuclear genetic material: plasmids. Cytoplasmic granules. The forms of resistance: esporogenesis and endospores.
RUNNING TIME: 2 Sessions
Unit 3: Bacterial metabolism and its regulation
Bacterial nutrition and his types. Nutrient transport in bacteria. Maintenance reactions: Chemotrophic obtaining of energy : respiration and fermentation. Oxidative phosphorylation and electronic transport. Anaerobic metabolism: types of anaerobic fermentation. Anaerobic respiration. Generation of reducing power. Biosynthesis: glyconeogenesis, synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides. Polymerization and assembly: synthesis of polysaccharides. Replication and transcription. Protein synthesis in prokaryotes. Assembly of bacterial wall. Integration of catabolism and anabolism: anaplerotic pathways. End-product regulation of enzyme activity: allosterism. Regulation of protein synthesis: operons. Other regulatory mechanisms.
RUNNING TIME: 2 Sessions
Unit 4: Bacterial growth and development.
Cell division in bacteria: types. Bacterial growth: nutritional and environmental factors. Phases of bacterial growth and its determination. Culture media.
RUNNING TIME: 1 Session
Unit 5: Control of bacterial growth (I). Chemical and physical agents.
Terminology and test methods. Main physical agents for microbial control. Major chemicals for microbial control. Main methods of microbial control in dentistry. Control of cross-infection.
RUNNING TIME: 1 Session
Unit 6: Control of bacterial growth. (II). Antibiotics and chemotherapy.
Definitions. Classification of antibiotics and chemotherapics. Mechanisms of action. Resistance to antibiotics. Measurement of microbial susceptibility to chemotherapic agents. Use of antibiotics in dentistry.
RUNNING TIME: 1 Session
Unit 7: Bacterial Genetics.
Bacterial variability. Phenotypic and genotypic variations. Mutation and mutagenesis. Genetic recombination: transformation and transduction. Sexuality in bacteria: bacterial conjugation. Transposons.
RUNNING TIME: 1 Session
Unit 8: General characteristics of viruses and other infectious simple forms.
Morphology and structure of virus. The generation of new viral particles: viral multiplication. Tempered viruses and lisogeny. Antiviral therapy. Viroids and prions.
RUNNING TIME: 1.5 Sessions
Unit 9: The eukaryotic microorganisms: algae, protozoa and fungi.
The eukaryotic cells. The microscopic algae. Protozoa. Fungi: structure, morphology and reproduction.
RUNNING TIME: 1 Session
Unit 10: Microbial ecosystems. The oral ecological system.
Microbial ecosystems. Main types of organism association. The normal microbiota. Oral ecological system. Bacterial films.
RUNNING TIME: 1 Session
Unit 11: Host-Parasite interaction. Introduction to Immnunolgy
Basics on immunity. Innate immunity and adquired immunity. Componenent of immune system: cells, tissues, antigens and other proteins of the immune system. Cells of the innate immunity and their activities. Phagocitosis. Complement system. Humoral immunity: maturation, activation and effector functions of B lymphocytes. Cellular immunity: maturation, activation and effector functions of T lymphocytes. Effects of defense mechanisms against microorganisms. Hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmunity. Immunization.
RUNNING TIME: 5 Sessios
Unit 12: Infection and disease.
Definitions: pathogenicity and virulence. The defense against infectios: microbial antigens. Effects of immune mechanisms on microorganisms. Inmunización. Hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmunity. Immunization. Virulence factors and pathogenicity of bacteria. Pathogenesis of viral infections. Models of infection. Transmission of infectious diseases. Control of cross-infection.
RUNNING TIME: 3 Sessions
Unit 13: Introduction to microbial taxonomy.
Species concept in Microbiology. Nomenclature. Types of bacterial classification. Classification of prokaryotes. Classification of viruses. Methods of microbial identification: Identification assays.
RUNNING TIME: 1 Session
Unit 14: Major bacteria in oral pathology.
Oral streptococci. Other Posibacteria: Gram (+) Cocci, Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Togobacteria: Veillonella and Selenomonas. Actinobacteeria: Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Rothia, and Bifidobacterium. Negibacteria: Bacteria G (-) aerobic and facultative: Eikenella, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, and Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus). Anaerobic bacteria, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Tannerella, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium
RUNNING TIME:1 Session
Unit 15: The dental plaque
Overview of teeth anatomy. Mechanisms of bacterial adhesion of to oral tissues. Dental plaque: composition and structure. Formation and maturation of dental plaque. Dental tartar.
RUNNING TIME: 1 Session
Unit 16: The dental caries
Dental caries: definition and clinical description. Etiology of dental caries: main bacteria involved. Pathogenesis of dental caries. Microbiological control of dental caries.
RUNNING TIME: 1 Session
Unit 17: The periodontal disease.
Clinical classification of periodontal diseases. Etiology of chronic periodontal disease. Pathogenesis of chronic periodontal disease. Other infectious diseases of periodontium: acute gingivitis (pregnancy, streptococcal, U.N.A.G), agresive periodontitis (localized and generalized), gingival and periodontal abscess. Perimplantitis
RUNNING TIME: 2 Sessions
Unit 18: Infection of the pulp and periapical tissues.
Etiology of pulpal changes: microorganisms involved and entry pathways. Pathogenesis and control of pulpal and periapical infections. Complications caused by the spread oral infections.
RUNNING TIME: 1 Session
Unit 19: Other infections of the oral cavity.
Focal infections with oral origin: concept and main routes of spreading. Infections of the salivary glands. Pericoronitis. Halitosis. Major viral infections of the oral cavity: herpetic gingivostomatitis, hand-foot-mouth disease, Herpangina, viral parotiditis, papillomavirus caused warts and condylomas. Viral hepatitis. HIV infection Oral candidiosis: pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment. Other fungal infections with oral manifestations: Histoplasmosis, aspergillosis and cryptococcosis. Parasitic protozoa of the oral cavity.
RUNNING TIME: 2 Sessions
Unit 20: Main microorganisms causing systemic diseases
Extracellular penetrating bacteria: Pyogenic G (+)cocci (Staphylococcus, Strepctococcus) Pyogenic G (-) cocci and bacilli (Neisseria, Bordetella, Haemophilus), enteric bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter and Helicobacter) pseudomonadales (Pseudomonas, Legionella). Other extracellular bacteria (Listeria, Brucella). Fungal-like bacteria (Actinomycetaceae, Mycobacterium). Toxigenic bacteria (Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Vibrio). Non-sporulated anaerobic bacteria(Bacteroides, Fusobacterium). Spirochetes (Treponema, Borrelia). Ricketssia, Chlamydia and Mycoplasma. RNA viruses: picornavirus, Togavirus, reovirus, and paramyxovirus Ortomixovirus. Retroviral onc ogenes. DNA virus: Papovavirus, adenovirus, herpesvirus and poxvirus Helminth infestations.
RUNNING TIME: 2 Sessions
RECOMMENDED GENERAL TEXTS
“Microbiología oral 2ª ed” Liébana y otros. MacGrawHill-Interamericana
“Microbiología Estomatológica. Fundamentos y guía práctica 2ºED”. Negroni. Panamericana
SPECIFIC TEXTS ON INMUNOLOGY
“Inmunología básica: Funciones y trastornos del sistema inmunitario 6ª Ed". ABBAS, A.K.; LICHTMAN, A.H.; PILLAI, S. Elsevier España, 2020.
"Inmunología celular y molecular 9ª Ed." ABBAS, A.K., LICHTMAN, A.H. y PILLAI, S. Elsevier España, 2018
"Inmunología: Biología y patología del sistema inmunitario 4 Ed.". REGUEIRO, J.R., LOPEZ, C., GONZÁLEZ, S., MARTÍNEZ, E. Editorial Médica Panamericana, 2010
TEXTS APPLIED TO THE GENERAL AND SYSTEMATIC PART.
“Microbiología Médica 2ª ED.” Murray, Kobayashi, Pfaller y Rosenthal. Harcourt-Brace
“Microbiología” Walker. McGraw-Hill Interamericana.
“Microbiología Médica” Mims, Playfair, Roitt, Wakelin y Williams. Harcourt-Brace Mosby.
SPECIFIC TEXTS ON BUCAL MICROBIOLOGY
“Infecciones orofaciales. Diagnóstico y Tratamiento” Bascones y Manso. Ediciones Avances
“Caries”. Thylstrop y Fejerstov. Doyma.
“Periodontologia Clínica” Carranza. Interamericana.
“Bases Biológicas de la Caries Dental”. Menaker. Salvat
ARTICLES OF REVIEW AND SCIENTIFIC DIVULGATION
In many of the units specific bibliography in qualified scientific divulgations magazines as Investigación y Ciencia (Scientific American) or Mundo Científico (La Recherche) will be advised.
SOME WEB SITES OF INTEREST
http://www.microbelibrary.org maintained by the American Society of Microbiology and interesting collection of drawings and images
http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/3504/gallery.htm. Culture collections and clinical samples.
http://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/bacterial_nomenclature.php maintained by the German Culture collection. Updates names of microbial genera and species
http://www.freemedicaljournals.com/htm/esp.htm allows free access to various medical journals. Good page for literature searches.
The learning of the subject "Microbiology and Immunology" will provide the students with knowledge on the microbial world that is important for their professional development either as regards the control of the cross infection or as regards the diagnosis and treatment of many bucco-dental pathologies.
Upon completion of this course the student will be able to diagnose and assess progression of infectious diseases of the oral cavity, assess the options for antibiotic therapy or medication in the treatment of infections, either as sole treatment or combined to other therapeutic measures.
As projection in the following degree courses they will gain a basic knowledge that will enable a better understanding of other subjects. These include infectious diseases in Medical Pathology, Dental Pathology and Therapeutics, Periodontics and Preventive and Communitary Dentistry
As added gain troughout the course a scientific vision of the everyday world will be showed, always looking for examples of daily life for better understanding of the science of microbiology.
Knowledge of the immune principles used in Dentistry to ensure a correct assistance in oral health care.
Theory:
The content of the subject will be developed through theoretical classes of about 50 minutes long with the support of various audiovisual material. An attempt will always be made to promote the participation of students in the discussion of those aspects of the subject of greatest relevance or difficulty in understanding, trying in any case that these participations are not too concrete and abundant to significantly delay the development of the class without providing solutions to general problems. It is highly recommended to bring the subject “up to date” since the concepts explained in previous topics are the necessary support to advance in the explanation of the subject in an understandable way.
In a COVID scenario 2, intermittent attendance at face-to-face classes would be complemented with materials from the virtual classroom and other telematic teaching systems such as TEAMS or another tool provided by the USC.
In a scenario 3 of confinement and the impossibility of teaching face-to-face classes, teaching would be delivered telematically by TEAMS or another tool provided by the USC, supplemented with materials from the virtual classroom
Virtual classroom.
It will propose the completion of work, tests will be conducted "on-line" continuous evaluation once the presentation of each topic or thematic block is completed. The scripts and objectives of the different topics explained will be posted in this space, as well as most of the audiovisual material. Of particular relevance is the existence of a tutoring forum in which students are encouraged to participate in solving the doubts raised by their classmates, always under the supervision of the teacher.
In case of scenarios 2 and 3, COVID will expand the teaching content with more complementary information
The practical classes:
Will be held in the Microbiology laboratory of the Faculty of Medina and Dentistry of Santiago for a week. So students can understand the sequential development of microbiological techniques and can work with material obtained by themselves better than with crops provided by the teacher. The objective of the practices is to ensure that the students “believe” the existence of microorganisms and that they do the “isolation” and bacterial identification procedure that is carried out in hospitals in an automated way so that they are able to understand the foundation of these "magic machines". They also acquire the necessary practice for handling sterile material and aseptic work techniques.
In case of COVID scenarios 2 and 3, the practices that cannot be done in the laboratory will be replaced by videos and online seminars on the practice topics
The evaluation will be carried out through a final test and the continuous evaluation of the students for their participation and attitude during the theoretical and practical classes and in the virtual classroom.
Final test 70% of the grade
It consists of a variable combination of Test items and short questions
Five possible answers
Just one correct answer
Errors do not subtract
In the case of telematic completion of the final test, the test questions will score negative (-0.33 each wrong answer), keeping 60% of the maximum score to be positively evaluated.
Short questions
To answer as briefly as possible
Continuous evaluation, scores 30% of the final grade
Questions and attitude in class,surprise tests and participation and tests of continuous evaluation in the virtual classroom It is decisive for the honors
Participation in class, presentation of work and seminars, and especially participation in virtual classroom is valued
Exclusion criteria
Only those students who meet the following criteria will be evaluated
More than 60% grade in the test questions
More than 30% of the maximum score in short questions
More than 50% of the continuous assessment tests carried out (regardless of the grade obtained in them)
Practices carried out
The rest of the criteria will not vary
In the case of fraudulent performance of the exercises or tests, the provisions of the “Normativa de avaliación do rendemento académico dos estudantes e de revisicón de cualificacións” (Regulations for the assessment of academic performance of two students and for the review of qualifications) will apply.
The final grade can be corrected upwards following homogeneous criteria established by the teachers by applying a single algorithm to the entire student body.
Approximately three hours per each theory session (the duration of each unit is included in the contents section).
It is advisable to have previously attended to a course of biology. If this is not the case many of the basic concepts of structure and metabolism of microorganisms may be completely unknown.
It is also very advisable to study the matter "every day" since the concepts explained in the previous topics are needed to support progress in the explanation of the new subject in a comprehensible manner.
The running time assessed to every unit in the "contents" could be slightly modified according to course evolution
Contingency plan:
In a COVID scenario 2, intermittent attendance at classroom sessions would be supplemented with materials from the virtual classroom and other online teaching systems such as TEAMS or another tool provided by the USC.
In a scenario 3 of confinement and the impossibility of teaching face-to-face classes, teaching would be delivered telematically by TEAMS or another tool provided by the USC, supplemented with materials from the virtual classroom.
In case of scenarios 2 and 3 COVID, the teaching content of the virtual classroom will be expanded with more complementary information
In case of COVID scenarios 2 and 3, the practices that cannot be done in the laboratory will be replaced by videos and online seminars on the practice topics
In the case of telematic completion of the final test, the test questions will score negative (-0.33 each wrong answer), keeping 60% of the maximum score to be positively evaluated. The rest of the evaluations criteria will not vary.
Estefania Maria Salome Mendez Alvarez
- Department
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Area
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Phone
- 881812210
- estefania.mendez [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Professor
Mª Concepcion Sainz Rivadulla
- Department
- Microbiology and Parasitology
- Area
- Microbiology
- mconcepcion.sainz [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Lecturer
Rafael Seoane Prado
Coordinador/a- Department
- Microbiology and Parasitology
- Area
- Microbiology
- Phone
- 881812365
- rafael.seoane [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Professor
| Monday | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 10:30-11:30 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Dentistry-Assembly Hall |
| Tuesday | |||
| 10:30-11:30 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Dentistry-Assembly Hall |
| Wednesday | |||
| 10:30-11:30 | Grupo /CLIS_01 | Spanish | Dentistry-Assembly Hall |
| Thursday | |||
| 11:30-13:30 | Grupo /CLIL_01 | Spanish | Dentistry-Assembly Hall |
| Friday | |||
| 10:30-11:30 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish | Dentistry-Assembly Hall |
| 06.10.2021 09:00-11:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Dentistry-A. Suárez Nuñez |
| 06.10.2021 09:00-11:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Dentistry-Classroom 3 |
| 07.07.2021 12:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Dentistry-A. Suárez Nuñez |
| 07.07.2021 12:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Dentistry-Classroom 3 |