ECTS credits ECTS credits: 4.5
ECTS Hours Rules/Memories Student's work ECTS: 74.25 Hours of tutorials: 2.25 Expository Class: 18 Interactive Classroom: 18 Total: 112.5
Use languages Spanish, Galician
Type: Ordinary Degree Subject RD 1393/2007 - 822/2021
Departments: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Areas: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Center Faculty of Pharmacy
Call: Second Semester
Teaching: Sin docencia (Extinguida)
Enrolment: No Matriculable
This subject is focused towards gaining the knowledge necessary to become a Specialist in Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry. Thus, there are two axes addressed in training:
a) To understand the tasks involved in running a clinical laboratory, emphasizing the different phases involved in the analysis, how reference values are generated, and how quality assurance is carried out in a clinical lab.
b) To understand the clinical significance and analysis principles of different biochemical markers in biological samples, as well as their clinical-pathological correlations. Statistical and dynamic tests will also be discussed, to allow the student to evaluate the endocrine system and cancer. Also, the clinical useful of biological fluids other than serum (blood) or urine will be described.
Expository Classes:
In whichever of the possible scenarios (1, 2, or 3) laid out in the “Guidelines for the Development for Safe Face-to-Face Teaching” agreed upon in the Government Council of the USC June 19, 2020 the class will cover the following subject groups and units.
Subject Group I: Inside the Clinical Laboratory
Unit 1. Phases of the analysis
Unit 2. The pre-analytical phase.
Unit 3. The analytical phase. Automation.
Unit 4. The post-analytical phase. Quality Assurance
Unit 5. Reference Values Production. Clinical Utility
Unit 6. Molecular Diagnostic Strategies
Subject Group II: Semiology and Clinical Biochemistry
Unit 7. Clinical Utility of Biological Fluids
Unit 8. TDM: Toxic Drug Monitoring
Unit 9. Pre-analytical Considerations in the Study of Endocrine Syndromes
Unit 10. Evaluating pituitary function
Unit 11. Evaluating thyroid function
Unit 12. Evaluating adrenal function
Unit 13. Evaluating gonadal function
Unit 14. Tumor Markers in Clinical Labs
Seminars or Interactive Classes
In whichever of the possible scenarios laid out in the “Guidelines for the Development for Safe Face-to-Face Teaching” agreed upon in the Government Council of the USC June 19, 2020 the topics that will be covered are:
CI-1: Statistical calculations. Computing reference limits. Quality control.
CI-2: Molecular diagnosis. Propose a valid design to detect a DNA mutation.
CI-3: Clinical Scenario: assessment of other biological fluids, endocrine syndromes and tumor markers.
Training or Practical Laboratory Classes:
The lab classes will necessarily be different depending on the type of teaching that will be undertaken as laid out in “Guidelines for the Development for Safe Face-to-Face Teaching” for the 2020-2021 school year. The planned lessons are:
Practice 1. Quality Assurance. Calculation of your precision.
Practice 2. Analytical interferences by drugs.
Practice 3. Molecular Biology: Amplifying a Gene Fragment.
Practice 4. A virtual visiting to the Clinical Biochemistry Lab at the CHUS.
These sessions will necessarily be adapted to the schedule programed by the Dean’s Office of the School of Pharmacy which includes the student groups, date and times of sessions.
In the case of 100% distance learning, exercises 1, 3 and 4 can be adapted with simulated data. In scenario 2 (semi-presenciality), exercises 1-3 can be undertaken, doing the experimental part in person and the calculations and data management which will be done synchronously on-line via MS Teams.
Basic:
a) Principios de Bioquímica Clínica y Patología Molecular. Alvaro González Hernández. 3ª edición. Elsevier. Barcelona-2019. ISBN 978-84-9113-389-6.
This is the textbook that best suits this course.
b) Laboratorio Clínico: Indicaciones e Interpretación de los resultados. Kathleen Pagana, Timothy Pagana. Primera Edición en Español. Traducido por Martha Elena Buschbeck para Editorial El Manual Moderno S.A. Mexico-2015. ISBN 978-607-448-508-0
This is the Spanish version of “Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests”, 5th edition. Elsevier-2014.
c) Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. Rifai N, Horvath A, Wittwer C. 8ª Edicion. Elsevier-2019. ISBN: 978-0-323-53044-6.
This book is considered the “Bible” of clinical analysis and laboratory diagnostics
d) Bioquímica Clínica. William J. Marshall; Stephen K Bangert and Márta Lapsley. 7ª Edicion. Elsevier; Barcelona-2013. ISBN 978-84-902-2115-0.
This book is more centered in biochemistry and pathophysiology than in analytic methods.
Complementary.
a) Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 23rd Ed. Richard A. McPherson & Matthew R. Pincus. Elsevier-Saunders, 2017. ISBN 978-0-323-29568-0
b) Bioquímica Médica. John W. Baynes y Marek H. Dominiczak. 5ª Edición. Elsevier. –Barcelona-2019. ISBN 978-84-9113-406-0.
A good book for reviewing general Biochemical concepts
c) Best & Taylor: Bases Fisiológicas de la Práctica Médica. MA Dvorkin, PD Cardinali y RH Iermoli. 14ª edición. ED. Médica Panamericana. Buenos Aires-2010. ISBN: 978-950-06-0253-2
A good book for reviewing physiology and pathophysiology
This subject is designed to provide training in the general and specific skills CIN/2137/2008 order, in the manner detailed below:
General skills (cod GC1 and CG2) focus on:
To understand the underlying methodology of laboratory tests and to be able to interpret their results to provide the corresponding diagnostic options.
To understand the human body structure and the general mechanisms of disease, molecular and functional alterations, syndromic alterations and therapeutic tools to restore health.
To develop communication skills and the capacity to relay information to other health professionals or patients.
To carry out pharmaceutical care activities.
To recognize what your own limitations are, and the need for professional competence.
Specific skills.
Design, implement and evaluate reagents, analytical methods and techniques of clinical use. To understand the principles and fundamentals of biochemical analyzes (B01; Q02, MF02; MF03).
Learn the analytical techniques for laboratory approaches to diseases (B01; Q03, Q10, MF02, MF03, MF12; MF14 ) .
Participate in activities for promotion of health and prevention of disease at the following levels: individual, family and community (LS01).
To develop the skills necessary for oral and written communication with patients and health care professionals (LS08).
Transversal skills.
Among all of the possible generic skills being developed, more emphasis will be given to the following:
Information management and organization (CI08).
Troubleshooting (CI09).
Skills to communicate with experts in other areas (CP05)
Skills to work autonomously (CS08).
The “Guidelines for the Development for Safe Face-to-Face Teaching” agreed upon in the Government Council of the USC June 19, 2020 foresees the need to adapt the 2020-2021 academic year for three possible outcomes
a) Large Group Lectures; duration, about 55 minutes scheduled according to the general calendar prepared by the Dean’s Office of the School of Pharmacy (hereafter referred to as “Dean’s Calendar”). Scenario 1 (face-to-face) –classroom activity during which the teacher makes a presentation of the contents of the unit following the necessary sanitary precautions (scenario 1, face-to-face). This can easily be adapted to scenarios 2 & 3 (distanced learning) in which the classes will be transmitted synchronously via MS Teams. The professor will use the blackboard and digital presentations during the class time to explain the material. Students participate by paying attention to the explanations and, when posed, giving individual writing answers to questions available for a limited time period during class. The student will be able to look at his/her notes.
b) Small Group Interactive Classes: duration, 1 hour as adapted to in the Dean’s Calendar. In each class, the professor will use part of the time to introduce a clinical case or data for analysis which will be resolved during the session, applying the theoretical knowledge gained in the large group lectures. These seminars can be partially adapted (scenario 2) or fully adapted (scenario 3) to synchronous, distance learning via MS Teams, according to the “Safe Teaching Scenario” being implemented. The activity will be completed by answering questions, relevant to the class being given, within a given time period, in person or through the Teams or Campus Virtual platform.
c) Laboratory Training Classes: These classes are conceived to be realized in person in the Biochemistry Department of the Pharmacy School and lab manual will be available in the virtual classroom detailing each session. In the eventuality that the USC enters into stage 2 of “Guidelines for the Development for Safe Face-to-Face Teaching”, the number of students allowed in the laboratory will be reduced, causing the reduction of on-hand learning. Students will only be present to generate the experimental results for lessons 2 &3, and if necessary, the analysis will be performed remotely, with guidance, via MS Teams. Exercises 1 & 4 will also be carried out remotely, as explained for scenario 3, if possible.
In the eventuality of scenario 3, the students will carry out lessons 1 & 4 due to the possibility of adapting them for use with auto diagnostic equipment which will be made available to the students. The lessons will be supervised synchronously via MS Teams, which will be used in parallel with the virtual campus to facilitate communication between the student and the professors, and to facilitate data necessary for carrying out a correct interpretation of lessons 2 & 3.
On the last day of each turn of the lab practicals, each student will realize an individual evaluation which will consist of the student being asked to reproduce and/or interpret part of the process realized during the training sessions. The evaluation will be 20 minutes or less.
d) Very Small Group Tutorial Classes: Designed for a face-to-face interaction between students and the professor and programmed in the Dean’s Calendar. These sessions are useful for clarifying questions about the theoretical classes and the practical classes. Tutorials also allow for a personalized interaction between the student and a teacher, allowing the student to increase his/her academic performance. Depending on the stage of “Guidelines for the Development for Safe Face-to-Face Teaching”, tutorials will be realized virtually in MS Teams. Students may also request (in person or via e-mail) individual tutorials with a professor in their office or in the case of distance learning, MS Teams.
In all three scenarios laid out in “Guidelines for the Development for Safe Face-to-Face Teaching”, the final grade for this subject will be based on three formative blocks.
a) Continuous Assessment (FC). During class activities, lectures or interactive classes, face-to-face or virtual, the students will be asked to respond to a series of questions. A correct answer to a question will allow the student to accumulate one point, while an incorrect answer will not add to a student’s point total and the student will be informed why their answer was incorrect. At the end of the semester, the accumulated points in FC will be transformed into a numerical grade in the following manner: correctly responding to 60% of FC = 5.0, 100% FC = 10.0, and intermediate marks will be extrapolated accordingly. Students who have successfully passed the course (≥ 60% FC) may opt to take the Acquired Knowledge (CA) test to improve their grade.
b) Acquired Knowledge (CA) test is designed as an alternative evaluation method available in the first evaluation period for students who have received an Presentiality Exemption from the Pharmacy School Dean’s Office. The test is also available to students who have ≥ 60% FC and wish to improve their grade in the first evaluation period. The CA test is the only method of evaluation available in the second evaluation period. In the best case, the test will occur face-to-face, but it will be held synchronously and via virtual methods if that is advised. The test will consist in the analysis and resolution of clinical cases by answering specific questions relative to the obtainment and interpretation of the results. The test will have a duration of 30-45 minutes and be scored numerically between 0-10 points.
c) Practical Skills (HP). The practical skills acquired during the laboratory training sessions will be evaluated with a specific, individual test in which the student will be asked to reproduce and/or interpret part of the process realized during the training session. It is allowed and highly recommendable, for the student to bring his/her revised protocols and calculator. The score will be “Approved/APTO” or “FAIL/NO APTO”. The exam can be repeated during the next official exam period in the event of receiving a “NO APTO” mark. It is necessary to pass the practical test in order to satisfactorily finish the course.
In order to complete the material in the first exam period, a student mush have “APTO” in the HP block and a minimum score of 60% of the FC offered. The final score recorded in the official transcript of the student will be the higher mark between FC and the CA test. Students who have a Presentiality Exemption from the Pharmacy School Dean’s Office, or students who are taking this class for the second or more time, will need to have “APTO” in the HP block (within the last five academic years for repeating students) and a score of 5.0 or more on the CA test.
Second Exam Period: the material will be completed with “APTO” in HP and a score of 5.0 or greater in the CA test, which will be face-to-face or telematic depending on the scenario of the time and subjected to the Dean’s Calendar. If the student has “NO APTO” for HP or the training classes have expired, a new HP exam will be realized the same day as the CA test at an alternate time.
At any time, a student who commits fraud in any of the exercises or tests will be punished as according to the regulation available in “Normativa de Evaluación del Rendimiento Académico de los Estudiantes y de la Revisión de Cualificacións” of the University of Santiago de Compostela.
Whatever the skills be (General, Specific or Transversal) every one can be grade by a combination test as follows:
Assessment_____________ Kind of skill___________ Competence code___________________________
Continuous assessment ...... General........................... CB1; CB2; CB3; CB4 e CB5
............................................. Specific............................ MF02; MF03; MF04; MF11; MF14; LS01; LS03; LS08; B03
............................................. Transversal..................... CI01; CI05; CI07; CI08; CI09; CI10; CP01; CP05; CS01; CS03; CS11
Practical training................... General........................... CB1; CB3; CB5; CG1
............................................. Specific............................ MF02; MF03; MF11; MF14; LS01; Q03; Q10
............................................. Transversal..................... CI04; CI10; CP01; CS01; CS03; CS11
Theoretical Knowledge score. General.......................... CB1; CB2; CB3; CB5; CG1; CG2
............................................. Specific............................ MF02; MF03; MF11; MF12; MF14; LS01; B01; B03; B09; Q10
........................................... Transversal....................... CI04; CI09; CI10
WORK IN THE CLASSROOM or SYNCHRONOUS-VIRTUAL, HOURS
Large Group Lectures,..........23
Small Group Interactive Classes,.....6
Very Small Group Tutorial Classes,...2
Laboratory Training Classes,.......12
Exam and revisions,.................2
Total hours of classroom work,..45
PERSONAL WORK BY STUDENT,…HOURS
Individual self-study or group study,........46
Solving exercises, or other non-synchronous homework,.....10.5
Solving exercises and working on the computer,.....8
Guidance and resolution of doubts,.....1
Taking exams and revisions,..............2
Total hours of personal work,............67.5
Proper knowledge of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Techniques are recommended, as well as an understanding of Biochemistry I and II, Human Physiology I and II, and also Pathophysiology.
Attendance to all the scheduled classes is highly recommended in all scenarios, and, whenever possible, to review class notes each day or at least on a weekly basis in order to be prepared for the continuous assessment (FC), and to identify problem areas and seek help resolving them. Professors may be approached before, during and after class, as well as virtually through e-mail, the campus virtual, or MS Teams.
It is advisable to visit the virtual complement to this course in the Campus Virtual to access much of the information presented in lectures. Any possible updates in class schedule will be communicated through the Campus Virtual and/or MS Teams.
To be successful in this subject you need to understand the "why" of each test and its useful, so it will be easier to remember when to use it and what information it can provide.
Manuel Felix Camiña Darriba
Coordinador/a- Department
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Area
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Phone
- 881814933
- felix.camina [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Lecturer
Lisa Kay Busch
- Department
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Area
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- lisa.busch [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: Temporary PhD professor
| Thursday | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 13:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Spanish, Galician | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| Friday | |||
| 13:00-14:00 | Grupo /CLE_01 | Galician, Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |