ECTS credits ECTS credits: 6
ECTS Hours Rules/Memories Student's work ECTS: 99 Hours of tutorials: 3 Expository Class: 24 Interactive Classroom: 24 Total: 150
Use languages Spanish, Galician
Type: Ordinary Degree Subject RD 1393/2007 - 822/2021
Departments: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Areas: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Center Faculty of Pharmacy
Call: First Semester
Teaching: Sin docencia (Extinguida)
Enrolment: No Matriculable
The purpose of this course is to enable a new Pharmacist to extrapolate the general health status of a patient using clinical laboratory test results to:
a) Provide information to the patient so that he/she can understand their health problem.
b) Guide the patient to a correct method to achieve a speedy recovery.
c) When appropriate, recommend visiting his/her doctor/specialist.
Therefore, the topics discussed in this course will focus on the value, limitations and interpretation of the results for rutine biochemical tests, including what is the correct specimen required, how these tests are useful as tools for the detection, diagnosis, and/or monitoring of common diseases.
Expository Classes:
The classes will cover the following items.
Subject Group I: General Principles of Operation of the Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry
This subject group will introduce the fundamentals for realization and interpretation of clinical analysis. The process of requesting an analysis, the biological material to be tested, as well as the fundaments of interpreting results will be reviewed.
Unit 1. Requesting Analysis Application. Blood and urine specimens.
Unit 2. Sources of Analytical Variation. Scientific bases of clinical interpretations of the results
Unit 3. Point-of-care Testing.
Subject Group II: Functional Assessment of Organs and Systems,
In this block, the principal organs and physiological systems will be covered, including what biological indicators and material are the most adequate, the analysis’ fundamental principles and limitations, diagnostic methodology and clinical significance of the results.
Unit 4. Blood gases: Investigation of Acid-Base homeostasis
Unit 5. Water and Electrolytes Homeostasis.
Unit 6. Evaluation of Renal Function.
Unit 7. Evaluation of Liver Function and Integrity.
Unit 8. The Clinical Utility of Plasma Proteins.
Unit 9. Diagnosis and Monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus.
Unit 10. Investigation of Dyslipidemias and Cardiovascular Risk
Unit 11. Exploring Heart Disease
Unit 12. Biochemical Exploration of Bone Disease. Mineral Metabolism.
Unit 13. Exploring Pancreatic and Intestinal Diseases
Unit 14. Program for Early Detection of Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases.
Seminars or Interactive Classes
The topics that will be covered are:
CI-1: Materials and Specimen Collection. Clinical Case: Unexpected results
CI-2: A) Clinical Evaluation of Acid-Base Status. B) Electrolytes in Clinical Practice.
CI-3: A) Clinical Scenarios of Renal Disease. B) of Liver Disease.
CI-4: A) Normal and Altered Electrophoretic Profiles. B) Isoenzyme profiles.
Training or Practical Laboratory Classes:
The planned lessons are:
Practice 1. Implementation and Interpretation of Urinalysis.
Practice 2. Quantification of enzyme activity: Alkaline Phosphatase as an example
Practice 3. Phenotypic Assignation of Dyslipidemias and Cardiovascular Risc Assessment
Practice 4. HbA1c. Diabetic patient monitoring
These sessions will necessarily be adapted to the schedule programed by the Dean’s Office of the School of Pharmacy which includes the student groups, date and time of the sessions.
Basic:
a) Principios de Bioquímica Clínica y Patología Molecular. Alvaro González Hernández. 3ª edición. Elsevier. Barcelona-2019. ISBN 978-84-9113-389-6. This is the textbook that best suits this course as well as the optional continuation of this class, Clinical Biochemistry.
b) Laboratorio Clínico: Indicaciones e Interpretación de los resultados. Kathleen Pagana, Timothy Pagana. Primera Edición en Español. Traducido por Martha Elena Buschbeck para Editorial El Manual Moderno S.A. Mexico-2015. ISBN 978-607-448-508-0
This is the Spanish version of “Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests”, 5th edition. Elsevier-2014.
c) Lab Tests Online (http://www.labtestonline.es)
Website of the Spanish Society of Clinical Chemistry (SEQC) which is the Spanish equivalent of the homonymous organization, the American Association for Clinical Chemistry. This website contains updated and relevant information on physiology and pathological conditions, as well as clinical guidelines and laboratory diagnostic tests, and is designed as a helpful reference for medical professionals as well as patients.
Complementary.
a) Bioquímica Clínica Texto y Atlas en Color. Allan Gaw y col. 5ª Edición. Elsevier. Barcelona-2015. ISBN 978-0-7020-5179-1.
b) Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 23rd Ed. Richard A. McPherson & Matthew R. Pincus. Elsevier-Saunders, 2017. ISBN 978-0-323-29568-0
c) Bioquímica Médica. John W. Baynes y Marek H. Dominiczak. 5ª Edición. Elsevier. –Barcelona-2019. ISBN 978-84-9113-406-0.
A good book for reviewing general Biochemical concepts
d) Best & Taylor: Bases Fisiológicas de la Práctica Médica. MA Dvorkin, PD Cardinali y RH Iermoli. 14ª edición. ED. Médica Panamericana. Buenos Aires-2010. ISBN: 978-950-06-0253-2
A good book for reviewing physiology and pathophysiology
This subject has a clinical-care approach. It teaches you how to interpret the information contained in the analytical results in order to understand the physiological and pathological health status. This subject is designed to provide training in the general and specific skills CIN/2137/2008 Order, in the manner detailed below:
General skills (code GC1 and CG2 in the MF module) focus on:
• To understand the underlying methodology of laboratory tests and to be able to interpret their results to provide the corresponding diagnostic options.
• To understand the human body structure and the general mechanisms of disease, molecular and functional alterations, syndromic alterations and therapeutic tools to restore health.
• To develop communication skills and the capacity to relay information to other health professionals or patients.
• To carry out pharmaceutical care activities.
• To recognize what your own limitations are, and the need to keep your professional competence up to date.
Specific skills.
• Design, implement and evaluate reagents, analytical methods and techniques of clinical use. To understand the principles and fundamentals of biochemical analyzes (B01; Q02, MF02; MF03).
• Learn the analytical techniques for laboratory approaches to diseases (Q03, Q10, MF02, MF03, MF14) .
• Participate in activities for promotion of health and prevention of disease at the following levels: individual, family and community (LS01).
• To develop the skills necessary for oral and written communication with patients and health care professionals (LS08).
Transversal skills.
Among all of the possible generic skills being developed, more emphasis will be given to the following:
• Information management and organization (CI08).
• Troubleshooting (CI09).
• Skills to communicate with experts in other areas (CP05)
• Skills to work autonomously (CS08).
A) Large Group Lectures; duration, about 55 minutes scheduled on the general calendar prepared by the Dean’s Office of the School of Pharmacy (hereafter referred to as “Dean’s Calendar”).
The professor expon the topics above assisted by computerized projections and/or use of the blackboard to explain the material. Students participate by paying attention to the explanations and, when posed, giving individual paper-writing or "online" answers to questions available for a limited time period during class. The student will be able to look at his/her own notes, but sharing them will not be allowed.
B) Small Group Interactive Classes: duration, 2 hours per week or as adapted to in the Dean’s Calendar. In each class, the professor will introduce the students to a professional clinical scene related to a previous lecture in order to practice diagnosis of the case being presented. It is probable that students will need to provide individual answers to questions posed during these sessions, paper-writing or in any dixital format in the Vitual Campus.
C) Laboratory Training Classes: These classes are conceived to be realized in person in the labs at Biochemistry Department of the Pharmacy School. Lab manual will be available in the virtual classroom detailing each session.
It is probable that students will need to provide individual answers to questions posed during these training sessions, and in addition a specific exam will be held at the end of the practical sessions to allow the students to demonstrate their dexterity. Laboratory or practical classes are organized by the Pharmacy School (Dean’s Calendar). If a student is not on the Dean’s Calendar list, they need to talk to the coordinator of the class to remedy the situation.
D) Very Small Group Tutorial Classes: Tutorials scheduled in the Dean’s Calendar. These sessions are useful for clarifying questions about the theoretical or practical issues. Tutorials also allow for a personalized interaction between the student and a teacher, allowing the student to increase his/her academic performance. Initially, the tutorials are in person, for a reduced number of students, but may also be request (in person or via e-mail) individual tutorials with a professor in their office.
The final grade for this subject will be based on three formative blocks.
a) Continuous Assessment (CA). During class activities, lectures, interactive classes or training sessions the students will be asked to respond to several questions or activities. A correct answer to a question will allow the student to accumulate points in his/her account, while an incorrect answer will result in feedback with information about his/her wrong answer. At the end of the semester, the accumulated points in CA will be transformed into a numerical grade in the following manner: correctly responding to 60% of CA = Pass (5), and 100% CA = Outstanding (10), and intermediate marks will be extrapolated properly. Students who have successfully passed the course may opt to take the Acquired Knowledge test to improve their grade.
This block is considered as the only criterion for students grade in the 1st Opportunity.
b) Acquired Knowledge (AK) . This test will consist in the analysis and resolution of clinical cases by answering 20-30 specific questions relative to the obtainment and interpretation of the results. The test will have a duration of 45-60 minutes and be scored numerically between 0-10 points.
This test is designed as an alternative evaluation criteion in the 1st Opportunity available for students who have received an Attendance Exemption from the Pharmacy School Dean’s Office. But, it can also be taken for students who want improve their grade obtained through CA when a minimun pass mark was achieved.
The AK test will be the only method of evaluation available in the second evaluation period.
c) Practical Skills (PS). The practical skills acquired during the laboratory training sessions will be evaluated with a specific, individual test in which the student will be asked to reproduce and/or interpret part of the process realized during the training session. It is allowed and highly recommendable, for the student to bring his/her own protocols and calculator. The score will be “Approved/APTO” or “FAIL/NO APTO”. In the case of a failing score, the student will be able to repeat the test in the next official exam period. It is necessary to pass the practical test in order to satisfactorily finish the course.
In order to complete the material in the first exam period (1st Oportunity), a student mush have “Approved/APTO” in the PS block and a minimum score of Pass (5.0) of the CA; but those who have done an AK test in order to improve their score the higher mark between CA and AK will be recorded as his her final score.
Students who have a Attendance Exemption from the Pharmacy School Dean’s Office will need to have “APTO” in the PS block (within the last five academic years) and a score Pass (5.0 or greater) on the AK test.
Those students who are taking this class for the second or more time should choose his/her assessment criterion between the two options: as continuous assessment or as student having an Exception from the Dean's Office, and communicate it the coordinator.
In the Second Exam Period (2nd Oportunity): the subject will be completed after “Approved/APTO” in PS and a score of 5.0 or greater in the AK test.
In this second evaluation period the student achieved a “Fail/No APTO” score for PS, and eventualy for those whose training classes expired, a new PS exam will be offered the same day as the AK test at an alternate time.
At any time, a student who commits fraud in any of the exercises or tests will be punished as according to the regulation available in “Normativa de Evaluación del Rendimiento Académico de los Estudiantes y de la Revisión de Cualificacións” of the University of Santiago de Compostela. Accordingly he/she will be graded as Fail (0.0)
Whatever the skills be (General, Specific or Traversal) everyone can be grade by a combination test as follows:
Assessment_____________ Kind of skill___________ Competence code___________________________
Continuous Assessment ...... General ..........CG1; CG2
......................................... Specific ..........B01; MF02; MF03; MF14; LS01; LS08
......................................... Transversal .......CI08; CI09; CP05; CS08
Practical skills.................... General ...........CG1; CG2
........................................ Specific ...........MF02; MF03; MF11; MF14; LS01; Q03; Q10
........................................ Transversal .........CI08; CI09; CP05; CS08
Acquired Knowledge (CA) test... General...........CG1; CG2
............................................ Specific............MF02; MF03; MF14; LS01; B01; B03; Q10
............................................ Transversal .....CI08; CI09; CP05; CS08
WORK IN THE CLASSROOM or
SYNCHRONOUS TELEMATICS CLASSES,…....HOURS
Large Group Lectures,.................................30
Small Group Interactive Classes,....................8
Very Small Group Tutorial Classes,.................3
Laboratory Training Classes,........................16
Exam and revisions,.....................................3
Total hours of classroom work,.....................60
PERSONAL WORK BY STUDENT,…................HOURS
Individual self-study or group study,..............66
Solving exercises, or
other non-synchronous homework,..................5
Wworking on the computer tasks,..................10
Guidance and resolution of doubts,..................4
Preparing for practical training classe,..............2
Taking exams and revisions,...........................3
Total hours of personal work,.........................90
Learning to interpret analytical results to assess the clinical status in a patient is something like learning a new language, in which the vocabulary is each biochemical marker which can have different meanings, and the algorithms and strategies for combining results serve as the Grammar rules, which allow transmission of useful information. The analysis allows us to recognize a health problem or to orient our search towards identifying it.
To achieve a successful result in this subject you need to understand the "why?", "where?" and How?" about each biochemical test, so it will be easier to remember when to use it and what information it can provide.
If you fail to pass this subject, you should go to review your exams with the teacher. It will allow you to identify the topics in which you were successful and those you weren’t. It is possible to identify the issues that need some more work and those where you already have an overall knowledge.
Attendance to all the scheduled classes is highly recommended in all scenarios, and, whenever possible, to review class notes each day or at least on a weekly basis in order to be prepared for the continuous assessment (CA), and to identify problem areas and seek help resolving them. Professors may be approached before, during and after class, as well as virtually through e-mail, the campus virtual, or MS Teams.
It is advisable to visit the virtual complement to this course in the Campus Virtual to access much of the information presented in lectures. Any possible updates in class schedule will be communicated through the Campus Virtual and/or MS Teams.
Proper knowledge of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Techniques are recommended, as well as an understanding of Biochemistry I and II, Human Physiology I and II, and also Physio-pathology.
Contingency plan
the adaptations of the subject's programming are specified for scenarios other than face-to-face will be as follows.
Teaching Methodology:
A) The Expository Class
In Scenario-2 and Scenario-3, they adopt a synchronous telematic format through the Microsoft Teams platform and adhere to the scheduled calendar and schedule. The other characteristics of these sessions are transferred to the new format, except for the delivery of written responses on paper.
B) Interactive classes
They retain the description made except in the following points and situations:
* Scenario-2: because they are small groups, they can continue to be face-to-face, or in a mixed format with students present in the classroom and others in a synchronous virtual environment through Teams, and that they exchange themselves in successive sessions.
* Scenario-3: Teaching becomes exclusively non-face-to-face through the Teams platform. The evaluation activities are maintained with oral responses or in digital format.
C) Practices
The characteristics described above for the practices are modified as follows:
* Scenario-2: They reduce their capacity to a maximum of 10 students, and attendance could even be reduced to 50%, in which case it would end through synchronous telematic sessions for calculations and interpretations.
* Scenario-3: Exclusively telematic, so the practices are adapted to the use of simulators, videos and through the use of simulated results to perform the interpretations.
D) Tutorials
* Scenario-2: They retain their face-to-face format already described in the programming, as they are small groups.
* Scenario-3: they are developed in a synchronous telematic format, through Teams, or they could be asynchronous through messages in the Teams Chat or by messaging in the Virtual Campus.
Evaluation system:
It is the same in all scenarios in that the three described evaluation blocks are used and the same requirements and criteria are applied. The difference is focused on the development of the Acquired Knowledge test, which necessarily varies from a face-to-face to online way according to the health criteria that is dictated at any time and if it affects its performance. herein are the different scenarios as it is expected:
* Scenario-2: The Acquired Knowledge test will be face-to-face, with maintenance of the protection distance and other circumstances that are required, even the case of carrying out examination shifts organized by group of exhibitors in the face of health recommendations or limitations of space or personnel .
* Scenario-3: The characteristic of this scenario is non-presence. The Acquired Knowledge test will be carried out with the same design; but adopts a telematic format through the Virtual Campus. The duration is kept at 60 minutes and will be carried out synchronously with the calendar and schedule approved by the Center.
In the event that the student lose his her internet connection that prevents them from taking the test, they will have 2 attempts to reconnect, and if it were impossible, after verification of the specific circumstances, an appointment will be assigned in the following days to I took a test with a similar structure but defended orally in a telematic meeting through Teams and with the two teachers.
Manuel Felix Camiña Darriba
Coordinador/a- Department
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Area
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Phone
- 881814933
- felix.camina [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: University Lecturer
Lisa Kay Busch
- Department
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Area
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- lisa.busch [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: Temporary PhD professor
Cristina Ameneiro Quiñoy
- Department
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Area
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- cristina.ameneiro.quinoy [at] usc.es
- Category
- Xunta Pre-doctoral Contract
Cristina De La Parte Rodríguez
- Department
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Area
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- c.delaparte [at] usc.es
- Category
- Xunta Pre-doctoral Contract
Ricardo Villa Bellosta
- Department
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Area
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Phone
- 881815370
- ricardo.villa [at] usc.es
- Category
- Researcher: Ramón y Cajal
| Monday | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 09:00-10:00 | Grupo B /CLE_02 | Spanish, Galician | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| 16:30-17:30 | Grupo A /CLE_01 | Galician, Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| Tuesday | |||
| 09:00-10:00 | Grupo B /CLE_02 | Galician, Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| 16:30-17:30 | Grupo A /CLE_01 | Galician, Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| Wednesday | |||
| 09:00-10:00 | Grupo B /CLE_02 | Galician, Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| 16:30-17:30 | Grupo A /CLE_01 | Spanish, Galician | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| Thursday | |||
| 09:00-10:00 | Grupo B /CLE_02 | Spanish, Galician | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| 16:30-17:30 | Grupo A /CLE_01 | Galician, Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| Friday | |||
| 09:00-10:00 | Grupo B /CLE_02 | Galician, Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| 16:30-17:30 | Grupo A /CLE_01 | Galician, Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |