ECTS credits ECTS credits: 6
ECTS Hours Rules/Memories Student's work ECTS: 99 Hours of tutorials: 3 Expository Class: 24 Interactive Classroom: 24 Total: 150
Use languages Spanish, Galician
Type: Ordinary Degree Subject RD 1393/2007 - 822/2021
Departments: Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology
Areas: Pharmacology
Center Faculty of Pharmacy
Call: First Semester
Teaching: Sin docencia (Extinguida)
Enrolment: No Matriculable
This course is of special importance in the professional training of the pharmacist, since the Pharmacognosy subject deals with the study of medicinal plants, and products obtained from them, in all their aspects, from their obtention, quality, chemical composition, to their pharmacological actions and uses.
Its objectives are:
- Provide students with a vision of the isolation of active ingredients from natural products
- Train students in the recognition of plants through microscopic and phytochemical methods
- Relate the effect of the active principles of natural products with their therapeutic applications
GENERAL PHARMACOGNOSY
GENERALITIES
Lesson 1
Introduction to Pharmacognosy. Concept, history and objectives. Concepts of drug and active ingredient. Bibliographical sources.
Lesson 2
Sources of obtaining and preserving natural drugs.
Obtaining and collecting. Desiccation. Stabilization. Storage.
Lesson 3
Natural drug recognition.
Organoleptic characters. morphological characters. Histological characters: diagnostic elements. chemical characters. Biological tests.
Lesson 4
Extraction of active ingredients from natural drugs.
Methods. Fractional separation of constituents. Extracts: their importance.
Lesson 5.
Natural drugs quality control.
Sampling. Pollution: types. Determination of humidity and ashes.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY
Lesson 6
Biosynthetic pathways of natural products of plant origin. Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
Carbohydrates: Generalities. Classification. Polysaccharides: classification, extraction and evaluation. Gums and mucilages. Importance in Pharmacognosy.
Lesson 7
Heterosides: Concept. Classification. General properties. Extraction. Interest in Pharmacognosy.
Lesson 8
Alkaloids: Classification Concept. General properties. Extraction. Interest in Pharmacognosy.
Lesson 9
Tannins: Concept. Classification General properties. Extraction and valoration. Interest in Pharmacognosy
Lesson 10
Terpenic Compounds: Essential Oils. Concept. General properties. Extraction and valoration. Resins. Latex.
Lesson 11
Saponosides. Concept and classification. General properties, extraction and valoration. Interest in Pharmacognosy.
SPECIAL PHARMACOGNOSY
Drugs with active principles on the central nervous system
Lesson 12
Hypnoanalgesics: Opium.
Analgesics, antipyretics, anti-inflammatories: Willow Bark.- Harpagophyte.
Lesson 13
Sedatives: Root of Valerian.-Flowering ends of Passionflower.-Tila.
Antidepressants: Flowering ends of Hypericum.
Lesson 14
Stimulants: Coca leaf. Caffeinated drugs: Coffee Beans. Tea leaf. Other drugs.
Lesson 15
Psychotomimetics: Indian hemp. Other drugs.
Drugs with active principles on the peripheral nervous system
Lesson 16
Sympathomimetics: Flowering ends of Ephedra.
Sympatholytics: Ergot of Rye.
Parasympathomimetics: Jaborandi leaf.
Parasympatholytics: Leaves of Belladonna and Stramonium.
Drugs with active ingredients on the cardiovascular system
Lesson 17
Cardiotonics: Digitalis leaf.
Vasoconstrictors: Hamamelis leaf. Horse chestnut. butcher's broom
Vasodilators: Vinca Leaf. Ginkgo leaf.
Drugs with active ingredients on the respiratory system
Lesson 18
Respiratory antiseptics: Eucalyptus phyllodes. Essence of Niaouli. Thymes.
Expectorants and Balsamics: Balsam of Tolu. Licorice root. Polygala root.
Antitussives: Roots of Ipeca.
Drugs with active ingredients on the renal system
Lesson 19
Diuretics: Drugs with diuretic activity.
Urinary antiseptics: Bearberry leaf.
Prostatic anti-inflammatories: Sabal. Pygeum.
Drugs with active ingredients on the digestive system
Lesson 20
Classification of laxatives.
Anthraquinone laxatives: General characteristics. Rhubarb rhizome. Sen leaves. Frangula bark. Cascara sagrada bark. Aloes.
Lesson 21
Osmotic laxatives: Plantagos seeds.
Antidiarrheals: Ratania root. Other drugs.
Lesson 22
Eupeptics: Classification.
Carminatives: Fruits of Green Anise and Star Anise.
Antispasmodics: Chamomiles. Mint. Balm.
Lesson 23
Cholagogues and choleretics: Boldo leaf. Turmeric rhizome.
Hepatoprotectors: Artichoke Leaf. Milk thistle fruit.
Skin Topics
Lesson 24
Astringents: Hamamelis leaf.
Emollients: Linseeds. Malva flower. Altea root.
Healing: Arnica Flowers. Hydrocotyl Sumity.
Rubefacients: Rosemary. Camphor.
Cytotoxic and other drugs
Lesson 25
Antitumor agents: Podophyllum. Yew. Vinca.
Antiparasitics: Pelitres.
Antimalarials: Quina bark.
Drugs that act on the metabolism
Lesson 26
Antigout: Colchico bulb.
Immunostimulants: Echinacea.
Adaptogens: Ginseng Roots. Eleutherococcus.
Basic
Diego Cortés. Metabolitos secundarios activos. Los medicamentos que nos proporciona la naturaleza. 2017.
Herbal Medicines. Pharmaceutical Press. 2013.
Bruneton J.- Farmacognosia, Fitoquímica, Plantas medicinales. Edit. Acribia. (todas las ediciones).
Trease Evans. Farmacognosia Edit. Interamericana-McGraw Hill (todas las ediciones).
Supplementary
Dewick, P.M. Medicinal Natural Products. Ed. Wiley. 2009.
Heinrich, M., Barnes, J., Gibbons, S., Williamson, E.M.- Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytoterapy. Churchill Livingstone. 2008.
Bravo Díaz, Luis. Farmacognosia. Edit. Elsevier España. 2003.
Cañigueral, S. Vila, R. Wichti, M.-Plantas medicinales y drogas vegetales para infusión y tisana. Edit. OEMF Internacional. 1998
GENERAL
- Identify, design, obtain, analyze, control and produce drugs and medicines, as well as other products and raw materials of health interest for human or veterinary use.
- Evaluate the therapeutic and toxic effects of substances with pharmacological activity
- Design, prepare, supply and dispense medicines and other products of health interest.
- Provide therapeutic advice in pharmacotherapy and diet therapy, as well as in the nutritional and food field in the establishments in which they provide services.
- Promote the rational use of medicines and health products, as well as acquire basic knowledge in clinical management, health economics and efficient use of health resources.
- Intervene in health promotion activities, disease prevention, at the individual, family and community level; with a comprehensive and multiprofessional vision of the health-disease process.
- Develop communication and information skills, both oral and written, to deal with patients and users of the center where you carry out your professional activity.
- Promote work skills and collaboration in multidisciplinary teams and those related to other health professionals.
SPECIFIC
-Basic knowledge about the obtention, conservation and analysis of raw materials of plant origin, which are used in the preparation of medicines.
-Competence to determine diagnostic elements of a natural drug.
-Basic knowledge of the main phytochemical groups in which the different natural substances responsible for pharmacological activity can be included.
-Competence to design isolation and identification processes of a given natural compound based on its physicochemical properties.
-Knowledge from the chemical, pharmacological and therapeutic point of view of the natural drugs that form part of current pharmaceutical specialties.
-Competences to determine the quality of a medicinal raw material of plant origin.
-Basic knowledge for the standardization of medicinal products of plant origin.
-Competences to identify therapeutic activities of natural drug associations in a formulation.
-Competences to advise on the most appropriate treatment for a given pathology.
Throughout the course, and always through the subject of the VIRTUAL CAMPUS of the USC, the student will follow at all times the guidelines indicated by the professors, for the good coordination and development of the subject.
Expository classes:
Presentation, for 1 hour, of the fundamental concepts of the subject matter, using the necessary didactic elements (videos, presentations, etc.).
Interactive classes:
Face-to-face classes in which theoretical knowledge will be applied when dealing with hypothetical situations within the framework of this discipline. Its purpose is to encourage analysis and discussion on a given issue to which a solution must be proposed.
Practical classes:
On-site practices in the laboratory for natural drugs recognition, both from the microscopic point of view (observation and diagnosis of drug powder preparations included in the Spanish Pharmacopoeia) and phytochemical (isolation and identification of some of the main phytochemical groups to which they belong the active ingredients).
Evaluation system
To pass the subject it is necessary to carry out and pass the laboratory practices.
Evaluation of theoretical knowledge (60% of the final grade).
An exam will be held on the day indicated in the official exam calendar drawn up by the School of Pharmacy. The test will consist of a batch of several questions with different possible answers each, of which only one is valid. Wrong answers will have a penalty; the unanswered ones, no. The teacher will inform the students of the minimum grade required in this exam in order to pass the subject (it will depend on the number of questions in the test). The maximum mark attainable in this section is 6 points.
Evaluation of practices (15% of the final grade).
An examination will be carried out after the last practice with the help of a microscope and will consist of the identification of powdered plant drugs, through their diagnostic elements. This exam will be graded with a maximum of 1 point. The student's attitude in practices will be valued on 0.5 points (maximum).
Continuous avaliation and interactive classes (25% of the final grade).
Resolution of questions, raised in person in class. The total sum of the grades obtained in different exercises can reach a maximum of 2.5 points.
The second opportunity exam will be similar to the first opportunity exam and the same evaluation criteria will be used.
The final grade will be the sum of the grades obtained in each of the evaluations mentioned above (10 points, maximum). In case of not reaching the minimum grade required in the evaluation of theoretical knowledge, the final grade will be the sum of the grades obtained in the practical evaluations and continuous evaluation and interactive classes (15% + 25% of the final grade).
Individual study 60 hours.
Resolution of exercises 20h.
Prepration of the practices examination: 6h.
Recommendations for evaluation.
Attendance at the expository and interactive classes is recommended, since in the latter a series of questions and exercises will be made that will facilitate learning of the subject.
Recommendations for recovery.
Students are recommended to discuss the results of their exams with the teacher, clarify their doubts and review their notes.
Repeating students
The qualification obtained in the laboratory practices and in the continous avaliation may be maintained for those repeating students who wish to do so; they must ask the teacher for the validation of the internships they carried out in previous courses, before they begin.
Students with exemption from class attendance
Your final grade will not be affected by this fact, although carrying out the laboratory practices is essential to pass.
For cases of fraudulent completion of exercises or tests, the provisions of the "RNormativa de avaliación do rendemento académico dos estudantes e de revisión de cualificacións" will apply.
Ezequiel Alvarez Castro
- Department
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology
- Area
- Pharmacology
- Phone
- 881814981
- ezequiel.alvarez [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: LOU (Organic Law for Universities) PhD Assistant Professor
Jose Manuel Brea Floriani
Coordinador/a- Department
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology
- Area
- Pharmacology
- pepo.brea [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: LOU (Organic Law for Universities) PhD Assistant Professor
Araceli Tobio Ageitos
- Department
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology
- Area
- Pharmacology
- araceli.tobio.ageitos [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: LOU (Organic Law for Universities) PhD Assistant Professor
Aitor Picos Martinez
- Department
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology
- Area
- Pharmacology
- aitor.picos.martinez [at] usc.es
- Category
- USC Pre-doctoral Contract
Jesús María González Jartín
- Department
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology
- Area
- Pharmacology
- jesus.gonzalez [at] usc.es
- Category
- Professor: LOU (Organic Law for Universities) PhD Assistant Professor
| Monday | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 09:00-10:00 | Grupo B/CLE_02 | Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| 16:00-17:00 | Grupo A/CLE_01 | Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| Tuesday | |||
| 09:00-10:00 | Grupo B/CLE_02 | Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| 16:00-17:00 | Grupo A/CLE_01 | Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| Wednesday | |||
| 09:00-10:00 | Grupo B/CLE_02 | Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| 16:00-17:00 | Grupo A/CLE_01 | Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| Thursday | |||
| 09:00-10:00 | Grupo B/CLE_02 | Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| 16:00-17:00 | Grupo A/CLE_01 | Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| Friday | |||
| 09:00-10:00 | Grupo B/CLE_02 | Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |
| 16:00-17:00 | Grupo A/CLE_01 | Spanish | 5035 Classroom 6 Faculty of Law |