Energy Drink Consumption in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review.
Authorship
M.D.R.B.G.
Master in Public Health
M.D.R.B.G.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.25.2025 17:00
06.25.2025 17:00
Summary
Background: Energy drinks (EDs) are ultra processed beverages containing caffeine, sugar, and other stimulants. Their consumption has been associated with cardiovascular, neurological, and behavioral risks, particularly among youth. Despite health concerns, EDs remain widely available and aggressively marketed. In high income countries, several public health measures have been adopted to regulate their use; however, such efforts are scarce or inconsistently reported across low and middle income countries, including some in the Eastern Mediterranean. Understanding ED consumption patterns and characterizing consumers in this region is essential for informing targeted public health actions. Objective: To systematically assess the prevalence of ED consumption and characterize consumers across countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region and Turkey, identifying population-specific patterns and potential gaps in public health policy. Methods: We conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were performed in Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases up to November 2024. Inclusion criteria covered original studies reporting ED consumption prevalence and/or consumer characteristics in the selected countries. Four independent reviewers performed screening, data extraction, and quality assessment using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data synthesis was descriptive and stratified by intake timeframe, population group, and study characteristics. Results: A total of 103 cross-sectional studies comprising 106,659 individuals from 13 countries were included. Most studies focused on university (55%) or school students (24%), with few targeting the general population (9%). Reported prevalence estimates varied widely by timeframe: daily (1: 87%), weekly (0.7: 81.8%), monthly (3.4: 60.4%), yearly (2.8: 42.9%), ever/lifetime (3.7: 95.6%), and alternative descriptors (1.4: 81.3%). Clinical diversity across studies was high, largely due to differences in methodology, target populations, and intake definitions. Only 17 studies employed representative sampling. Countries with documented public health measures (such as Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Turkey) showed trends suggesting a reduction in consumption over time. Conversely, in countries without identified measures, no consistent trend was observed. Conclusions: There is substantial variability in ED consumption across countries and population groups within the EMR. Most studies focus on students, who appear more susceptible to consumption due to academic and social pressures. The high diversity in study design limits comparability and precludes meta analytical synthesis. Nonetheless, these findings highlight the urgent need for context-specific public health strategies and stronger regulatory frameworks to mitigate ED related risks in the region.
Background: Energy drinks (EDs) are ultra processed beverages containing caffeine, sugar, and other stimulants. Their consumption has been associated with cardiovascular, neurological, and behavioral risks, particularly among youth. Despite health concerns, EDs remain widely available and aggressively marketed. In high income countries, several public health measures have been adopted to regulate their use; however, such efforts are scarce or inconsistently reported across low and middle income countries, including some in the Eastern Mediterranean. Understanding ED consumption patterns and characterizing consumers in this region is essential for informing targeted public health actions. Objective: To systematically assess the prevalence of ED consumption and characterize consumers across countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region and Turkey, identifying population-specific patterns and potential gaps in public health policy. Methods: We conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were performed in Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases up to November 2024. Inclusion criteria covered original studies reporting ED consumption prevalence and/or consumer characteristics in the selected countries. Four independent reviewers performed screening, data extraction, and quality assessment using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data synthesis was descriptive and stratified by intake timeframe, population group, and study characteristics. Results: A total of 103 cross-sectional studies comprising 106,659 individuals from 13 countries were included. Most studies focused on university (55%) or school students (24%), with few targeting the general population (9%). Reported prevalence estimates varied widely by timeframe: daily (1: 87%), weekly (0.7: 81.8%), monthly (3.4: 60.4%), yearly (2.8: 42.9%), ever/lifetime (3.7: 95.6%), and alternative descriptors (1.4: 81.3%). Clinical diversity across studies was high, largely due to differences in methodology, target populations, and intake definitions. Only 17 studies employed representative sampling. Countries with documented public health measures (such as Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Turkey) showed trends suggesting a reduction in consumption over time. Conversely, in countries without identified measures, no consistent trend was observed. Conclusions: There is substantial variability in ED consumption across countries and population groups within the EMR. Most studies focus on students, who appear more susceptible to consumption due to academic and social pressures. The high diversity in study design limits comparability and precludes meta analytical synthesis. Nonetheless, these findings highlight the urgent need for context-specific public health strategies and stronger regulatory frameworks to mitigate ED related risks in the region.
Direction
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Tutorships)
Teijeiro Teijeira, Ana (Co-tutorships)
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Tutorships)
Teijeiro Teijeira, Ana (Co-tutorships)
Court
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Chairman)
Candal Pedreira, Cristina (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Chairman)
Candal Pedreira, Cristina (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
Prevalence and Risk of Respiratory Symptoms in Electronic Cigarette Users: A Systematic Review
Authorship
L.C.D.L.R.
Master in Public Health
L.C.D.L.R.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.25.2025 16:40
06.25.2025 16:40
Summary
Introduction: In the past decade, the use of electronic cigarettes has experienced exponential growth, especially among adolescents and young adults. These devices, initially promoted as a less harmful alternative to conventional tobacco, have become a growing concern due to their potential adverse effects on respiratory health. Despite their popularity, scientific evidence regarding their medium- and long-term safety remains limited. Objectives: To identify and describe studies that estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in young electronic cigarette users and to analyze the risk of developing respiratory symptoms associated with electronic cigarette use in young populations. Methodology: A literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases up to October 2024. Studies were included if they involved electronic cigarette users under the age of 26 and reported prevalence of respiratory symptoms and/or relative risks (RR), odds ratios (OR), or hazard ratios (HR) accompanied by their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A narrative synthesis was performed for prevalence results, and a quantitative synthesis of effect measures was conducted when possible, using a random-effects meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A total of 23 studies were included: 6 assessed the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, 5 examined the association between e-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms, and 12 assessed both. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms varied across studies. Cough was the most frequently reported symptom. A significant association was found between e-cigarette use and The presence of the following respiratory symptoms: any respiratory symptom (RR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.56), dyspnea (RR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.61), chest pain (RR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.49), phlegm (RR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.83), and wheezing (RR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.82). Three of the studies were rated as high quality, sixteen as moderate, and four as low quality. Conclusions: The results demonstrate a consistent relationship between electronic cigarette use and the presence of respiratory symptoms in young people. Coordinated efforts in prevention, regulation, and health education are needed, along with more longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects of electronic cigarettes.
Introduction: In the past decade, the use of electronic cigarettes has experienced exponential growth, especially among adolescents and young adults. These devices, initially promoted as a less harmful alternative to conventional tobacco, have become a growing concern due to their potential adverse effects on respiratory health. Despite their popularity, scientific evidence regarding their medium- and long-term safety remains limited. Objectives: To identify and describe studies that estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in young electronic cigarette users and to analyze the risk of developing respiratory symptoms associated with electronic cigarette use in young populations. Methodology: A literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases up to October 2024. Studies were included if they involved electronic cigarette users under the age of 26 and reported prevalence of respiratory symptoms and/or relative risks (RR), odds ratios (OR), or hazard ratios (HR) accompanied by their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A narrative synthesis was performed for prevalence results, and a quantitative synthesis of effect measures was conducted when possible, using a random-effects meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A total of 23 studies were included: 6 assessed the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, 5 examined the association between e-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms, and 12 assessed both. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms varied across studies. Cough was the most frequently reported symptom. A significant association was found between e-cigarette use and The presence of the following respiratory symptoms: any respiratory symptom (RR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.56), dyspnea (RR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.61), chest pain (RR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.49), phlegm (RR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.83), and wheezing (RR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.82). Three of the studies were rated as high quality, sixteen as moderate, and four as low quality. Conclusions: The results demonstrate a consistent relationship between electronic cigarette use and the presence of respiratory symptoms in young people. Coordinated efforts in prevention, regulation, and health education are needed, along with more longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects of electronic cigarettes.
Direction
Rey Brandariz, Julia (Tutorships)
Teijeiro Teijeira, Ana (Co-tutorships)
Rey Brandariz, Julia (Tutorships)
Teijeiro Teijeira, Ana (Co-tutorships)
Court
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Chairman)
Candal Pedreira, Cristina (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Chairman)
Candal Pedreira, Cristina (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
Association of Knowledge and Attitudes with opioid misuse Practices in undergraduate university students in Spain.
Authorship
M.C.C.L.
Master in Public Health
M.C.C.L.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.25.2025 09:00
06.25.2025 09:00
Summary
Background: Opioid misuse is a current public health concern that can lead to serious health and social outcomes. It represents the primary substance consumed by people entering a drug treatment program in Europe. Educational interventions could help control this problem. Objective: To explore the association of Knowledge and Attitudes with the Practices of opioid misuse among university undergraduate students in Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken using data collected at the first time point of a cohort study on psychosocial determinants of psychoactive substance use by undergraduate university students. Data were collected between October and November 2025 using a validated, anonymous, voluntary and self-administered questionnaire that inquired over Knowledge and Attitudes towards opioid misuse Practices. Each item of Knowledge and Attitudes presented an exposure. The outcome was a composite variable of opioid misuse practices. Opioid was considered misused when taken without medical prescription or when failing to adhere to prescribed instructions in terms of duration and dosage of treatment, as well as, when performing incorrect behavior with leftover medication after the treatment was over. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence levels (CI) were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: 5048 students answered the questionnaire, representing a participation rate of 90.64%. A total of 243 (5.1%) students used opioids in the two months before the survey. Of the opioid users, 177 (72.8%) performed at least one practice considered misuse. Most participants showed adequate Knowledge and Attitudes towards opioids. However, students with improper Knowledge and Attitudes have higher odds of opioid misuse. For instance, Individuals who don´t acknowledge that the use of opioids can cause dependence or addiction, have six times higher odds of opioid misuse compared to those who agreed with this affirmation [aOR: 6 .14 (95% CI: 3.75;10.05)]. Those who would consider consuming unprescribed opioids had up to 18 times higher odds of opioid misuse [aOR: 17.98 (95% CI:11.39;28.4)] than those who wouldn’t consume them without medical advice. Lastly, the most reported motive for taking opioids without prescription was to relieve pain when common pain killers are not effective, and it was associated with almost 7 times higher odds of opioid misuse compared with students that would not consider using opiod without prescription [aOR: 6.94(95% CI:5.08;9.48)]. Conclusion: Inadequate Knowledge and Attitudes increase the odds of opioid misuse. These findings would help design specific intervention programs to control opioid misuse among emerging adults.
Background: Opioid misuse is a current public health concern that can lead to serious health and social outcomes. It represents the primary substance consumed by people entering a drug treatment program in Europe. Educational interventions could help control this problem. Objective: To explore the association of Knowledge and Attitudes with the Practices of opioid misuse among university undergraduate students in Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken using data collected at the first time point of a cohort study on psychosocial determinants of psychoactive substance use by undergraduate university students. Data were collected between October and November 2025 using a validated, anonymous, voluntary and self-administered questionnaire that inquired over Knowledge and Attitudes towards opioid misuse Practices. Each item of Knowledge and Attitudes presented an exposure. The outcome was a composite variable of opioid misuse practices. Opioid was considered misused when taken without medical prescription or when failing to adhere to prescribed instructions in terms of duration and dosage of treatment, as well as, when performing incorrect behavior with leftover medication after the treatment was over. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence levels (CI) were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: 5048 students answered the questionnaire, representing a participation rate of 90.64%. A total of 243 (5.1%) students used opioids in the two months before the survey. Of the opioid users, 177 (72.8%) performed at least one practice considered misuse. Most participants showed adequate Knowledge and Attitudes towards opioids. However, students with improper Knowledge and Attitudes have higher odds of opioid misuse. For instance, Individuals who don´t acknowledge that the use of opioids can cause dependence or addiction, have six times higher odds of opioid misuse compared to those who agreed with this affirmation [aOR: 6 .14 (95% CI: 3.75;10.05)]. Those who would consider consuming unprescribed opioids had up to 18 times higher odds of opioid misuse [aOR: 17.98 (95% CI:11.39;28.4)] than those who wouldn’t consume them without medical advice. Lastly, the most reported motive for taking opioids without prescription was to relieve pain when common pain killers are not effective, and it was associated with almost 7 times higher odds of opioid misuse compared with students that would not consider using opiod without prescription [aOR: 6.94(95% CI:5.08;9.48)]. Conclusion: Inadequate Knowledge and Attitudes increase the odds of opioid misuse. These findings would help design specific intervention programs to control opioid misuse among emerging adults.
Direction
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Tutorships)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Rey Brandariz, Julia (Secretary)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Rey Brandariz, Julia (Secretary)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Member)
Knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices of medical students regarding climate change: a systematic review
Authorship
M.F.S.
Master in Public Health
M.F.S.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.25.2025 09:40
06.25.2025 09:40
Summary
Introduction: Climate change (CC) is the greatest public health threat of the century. Healthcare professionals play a key role in responding to the health threats posed by CC. Objectives: To identify the knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices (KBAP) of medical university students in relation to CC and to analyze their perspectives regarding the incorporation of CC into the medical school curriculum. Methods: Systematic review. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, LILACS, and Cochrane databases. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to be reported in English, Spanish, or Portuguese; they had to assess KBAP related to CC and/or perspectives regarding the inclusion of CC in the academic curriculum; and the target population had to include medical students. Results: A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most medical students acknowledged the existence of CC and recognized human activities as its main cause. However, they reported a lack of knowledge on how to address it. Conclusion: Medical students have a general understanding of CC. However, specific education and training are needed for future physicians that emphasize the health effects of CC.
Introduction: Climate change (CC) is the greatest public health threat of the century. Healthcare professionals play a key role in responding to the health threats posed by CC. Objectives: To identify the knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices (KBAP) of medical university students in relation to CC and to analyze their perspectives regarding the incorporation of CC into the medical school curriculum. Methods: Systematic review. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, LILACS, and Cochrane databases. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to be reported in English, Spanish, or Portuguese; they had to assess KBAP related to CC and/or perspectives regarding the inclusion of CC in the academic curriculum; and the target population had to include medical students. Results: A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most medical students acknowledged the existence of CC and recognized human activities as its main cause. However, they reported a lack of knowledge on how to address it. Conclusion: Medical students have a general understanding of CC. However, specific education and training are needed for future physicians that emphasize the health effects of CC.
Direction
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Tutorships)
ZAPATA CACHAFEIRO, MARUXA (Co-tutorships)
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Tutorships)
ZAPATA CACHAFEIRO, MARUXA (Co-tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Rey Brandariz, Julia (Secretary)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Rey Brandariz, Julia (Secretary)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Member)
Interstitial Cells of Cajal and Enteric Nervous System in Gastrointestinal and Neurological Pathology, Relation to Oxidative Stress
Authorship
L.L.P.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
L.L.P.
Master in Genetic, Nutritional and Environmental Determinants concerning Growth and Development-NUTRENVIGEN G+D Factors
Defense date
02.14.2025 11:45
02.14.2025 11:45
Summary
One of the attacks on cell structures is oxidative stress. In the enteric nervous system (ENS) it is interesting to study the relationship between oxidative processes, gastrointestinal pathology and intestinal nerve plexuses. Through bibliographic review, we analyze the relationship between oxidative stress, ENS and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), in gastrointestinal, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental pathologies. And, later, we value the bidirectional relationship between the central nervous system and the ENS. Conducting a bibliographic review in PubMed, with the filters: Review, Full Text, 10 years, Humans, with subsequent extension to: Case Reports, Clinical Trial and Meta-Analysis, and older than 10 years. Search algorithms: Enteric nervous system OR ICCs AND oxidative stress; ICC OR ENS AND brain; Parkinson AND ENS NOT microbiota; Alzheimer AND ENS”NOT microbiota; ELA AND ENS NOT microbiota. The MeSH terms for each algorithm: Parkinson; ENS; GIST, Chagas; Postoperative paralytic ileus; Nitric oxide; Plasticity, Oxidative stress, among others. The results are structured in the following sections: 1) ICC in the intestine. 2) Oxidative stress in ICC and ENS. 3) Gastrointestinal disorders related to ICC and ENS. 4) Neurodegenerative diseases affecting the ENS. 5) Neurodevelopmental disorders with involvement of the ENS. ICCs are located in the intestine and participate in enteric neurotransmission. They are the pacemaker cells of the ENS, responsible for the genesis of slow waves. In the main gastrointestinal pathologies, an alteration of the myenteric plexus and its connections with ICC are evident.
One of the attacks on cell structures is oxidative stress. In the enteric nervous system (ENS) it is interesting to study the relationship between oxidative processes, gastrointestinal pathology and intestinal nerve plexuses. Through bibliographic review, we analyze the relationship between oxidative stress, ENS and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), in gastrointestinal, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental pathologies. And, later, we value the bidirectional relationship between the central nervous system and the ENS. Conducting a bibliographic review in PubMed, with the filters: Review, Full Text, 10 years, Humans, with subsequent extension to: Case Reports, Clinical Trial and Meta-Analysis, and older than 10 years. Search algorithms: Enteric nervous system OR ICCs AND oxidative stress; ICC OR ENS AND brain; Parkinson AND ENS NOT microbiota; Alzheimer AND ENS”NOT microbiota; ELA AND ENS NOT microbiota. The MeSH terms for each algorithm: Parkinson; ENS; GIST, Chagas; Postoperative paralytic ileus; Nitric oxide; Plasticity, Oxidative stress, among others. The results are structured in the following sections: 1) ICC in the intestine. 2) Oxidative stress in ICC and ENS. 3) Gastrointestinal disorders related to ICC and ENS. 4) Neurodegenerative diseases affecting the ENS. 5) Neurodevelopmental disorders with involvement of the ENS. ICCs are located in the intestine and participate in enteric neurotransmission. They are the pacemaker cells of the ENS, responsible for the genesis of slow waves. In the main gastrointestinal pathologies, an alteration of the myenteric plexus and its connections with ICC are evident.
Direction
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Muñoz Hoyos, Antonio (Co-tutorships)
Agil Abdalla, Ahmad (Co-tutorships)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Tutorships)
Muñoz Hoyos, Antonio (Co-tutorships)
Agil Abdalla, Ahmad (Co-tutorships)
Court
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Leis Trabazo, María Rosaura (Coordinator)
COUCE PICO, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Chairman)
MARTINON TORRES, FEDERICO (Secretary)
Concheiro Guisán, Ana (Member)
Master Dissertation Association of Knowledge and Attitudes with the Misuse of Pharmaceutical Stimulants Among Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Student Population of the University of Santiago de Compostela
Authorship
A.M.M.
Master in Public Health
A.M.M.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.25.2025 09:20
06.25.2025 09:20
Summary
OBJECTIVE: To explore whether there is an association between students' knowledge and attitudes regarding pharmaceutical stimulants and their misuse. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study among undergraduate students at the University of Santiago de Compostela during the first semester of the 2024-2025 academic year. Data were collected using a validated Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices questionnaire (KAP). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Each knowledge and attitude item represented an exposure factor and was analysed in a separate regression model. The outcome was the misuse of stimulant medication misuse defined as having at least one of the following practices: use without a medical prescription, prescribed use not adhering to the doctor's instructions regarding dose, timing, and duration, and/or improper handling of leftover medication (sharing with others, disposing in the trash, or keeping it). RESULTS: 5048 out of 5569 students invited to participate in the study answered the questionnaire, representing a participation rate of 90.6 %. 133 students reported having used pharmaceutical stimulants in the two months prior to the study , and 94 (70.7 %) of them engaged in at least one misuse practice. A strong association was observed between the lack of knowledge and inappropriate attitudes towards pharmaceutical stimulants and their misuse. For example, compared to students with good knowledge levels or appropriate attitudes, the odds of misuse were considerably higher when students were unaware that these drugs could cause dependence or addiction [ORa: 4.46 (1.80-11.03)] or when they were willing to take them without a prescription if they believed they needed them [ORa: 13,33 (6,30-28,22)]. The reason for using pharmaceutical stimulants without a prescription most associated with misuse was to improve concentration and academic performance [ORa: 4,81 (3,00-7,71)]. CONCLUSIONS: Both a lack of knowledge and inappropriate attitudes increase the likelihood of pharmaceutical stimulant misuse. More awareness on the importance of following medical advice and on the possible adverse effects of stimulant medication is needed in the population.
OBJECTIVE: To explore whether there is an association between students' knowledge and attitudes regarding pharmaceutical stimulants and their misuse. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study among undergraduate students at the University of Santiago de Compostela during the first semester of the 2024-2025 academic year. Data were collected using a validated Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices questionnaire (KAP). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Each knowledge and attitude item represented an exposure factor and was analysed in a separate regression model. The outcome was the misuse of stimulant medication misuse defined as having at least one of the following practices: use without a medical prescription, prescribed use not adhering to the doctor's instructions regarding dose, timing, and duration, and/or improper handling of leftover medication (sharing with others, disposing in the trash, or keeping it). RESULTS: 5048 out of 5569 students invited to participate in the study answered the questionnaire, representing a participation rate of 90.6 %. 133 students reported having used pharmaceutical stimulants in the two months prior to the study , and 94 (70.7 %) of them engaged in at least one misuse practice. A strong association was observed between the lack of knowledge and inappropriate attitudes towards pharmaceutical stimulants and their misuse. For example, compared to students with good knowledge levels or appropriate attitudes, the odds of misuse were considerably higher when students were unaware that these drugs could cause dependence or addiction [ORa: 4.46 (1.80-11.03)] or when they were willing to take them without a prescription if they believed they needed them [ORa: 13,33 (6,30-28,22)]. The reason for using pharmaceutical stimulants without a prescription most associated with misuse was to improve concentration and academic performance [ORa: 4,81 (3,00-7,71)]. CONCLUSIONS: Both a lack of knowledge and inappropriate attitudes increase the likelihood of pharmaceutical stimulant misuse. More awareness on the importance of following medical advice and on the possible adverse effects of stimulant medication is needed in the population.
Direction
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Tutorships)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Rey Brandariz, Julia (Secretary)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Rey Brandariz, Julia (Secretary)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Member)
Tobacco control measures: acceptance by the population
Authorship
J.M.M.M.
Master in Public Health
J.M.M.M.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
02.18.2025 09:20
02.18.2025 09:20
Summary
The objective is to assess the acceptability of new measures against tobacco consumption control measures in Spain through a survey of the population over 16 years of age. The measure of the prohibition of smoking inside cars in the presence of minors is the measure that has had the greatest acceptance among the participants.
The objective is to assess the acceptability of new measures against tobacco consumption control measures in Spain through a survey of the population over 16 years of age. The measure of the prohibition of smoking inside cars in the presence of minors is the measure that has had the greatest acceptance among the participants.
Direction
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
Rey Brandariz, Julia (Co-tutorships)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
Rey Brandariz, Julia (Co-tutorships)
Court
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Chairman)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Secretary)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Member)
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Chairman)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Secretary)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Member)
Pneumococcal vaccination coverage in transplanted patients in a health area of northwestern Spain. A cross-sectional study
Authorship
A.N.G.
Master in Public Health
A.N.G.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
02.18.2025 09:00
02.18.2025 09:00
Summary
Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterium that causes several infectious conditions among which invasive pneumococcal disease stands out due to its important morbimortality, mainly in immunocompromised subjects. Vaccination against this microorganism represents the main tool to reduce the probability of infection. Methods: We conducted a descriptive study to know the vaccination coverage against Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients belonging to a health area of northwestern Spain who have undergone solid organ transplantation (SOT) or hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) from 2017 to 2022. Subjects were selected from the “Registro de Actividad de Atención Especializada (RAE-CMBD)” using ICD-10 procedure codes, while vaccination data were extracted from the “Sistema de Información y Análisis Complejo (SIAC)”. Results: A total of 680 patients were included (649 belonging to the solid organ transplantation group and 211 belonging to the hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation group). In the first group, 326 patients (69.51%) have received the complete pneumococcal vaccination schedule (at least one dose of 13-valent conjugate vaccine and one dose of polysaccharide vaccine); in the second group, 45 patients (21.33%) have received the complete vaccination schedule (at least 3 doses of 13-valent conjugate vaccine and one dose of polysaccharide vaccine at least 3 months after the receipt of HSCT). Conclusions: Vaccination coverage against pneumococcus in transplanted patients in the healthcare area is suboptimal, fundamentally among patients with HSCT. It is necessary to take measures to raise awareness of the importance of vaccination both among transplanted patients and their health professionals, as well as to carry out a “catch up” of patients who have not correctly completed their vaccination regimen.
Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterium that causes several infectious conditions among which invasive pneumococcal disease stands out due to its important morbimortality, mainly in immunocompromised subjects. Vaccination against this microorganism represents the main tool to reduce the probability of infection. Methods: We conducted a descriptive study to know the vaccination coverage against Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients belonging to a health area of northwestern Spain who have undergone solid organ transplantation (SOT) or hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) from 2017 to 2022. Subjects were selected from the “Registro de Actividad de Atención Especializada (RAE-CMBD)” using ICD-10 procedure codes, while vaccination data were extracted from the “Sistema de Información y Análisis Complejo (SIAC)”. Results: A total of 680 patients were included (649 belonging to the solid organ transplantation group and 211 belonging to the hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation group). In the first group, 326 patients (69.51%) have received the complete pneumococcal vaccination schedule (at least one dose of 13-valent conjugate vaccine and one dose of polysaccharide vaccine); in the second group, 45 patients (21.33%) have received the complete vaccination schedule (at least 3 doses of 13-valent conjugate vaccine and one dose of polysaccharide vaccine at least 3 months after the receipt of HSCT). Conclusions: Vaccination coverage against pneumococcus in transplanted patients in the healthcare area is suboptimal, fundamentally among patients with HSCT. It is necessary to take measures to raise awareness of the importance of vaccination both among transplanted patients and their health professionals, as well as to carry out a “catch up” of patients who have not correctly completed their vaccination regimen.
Direction
RUANO RAVIÑA, ALBERTO (Tutorships)
RUANO RAVIÑA, ALBERTO (Tutorships)
Court
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Chairman)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Secretary)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Member)
MONTES MARTINEZ, AGUSTIN (Chairman)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Secretary)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Member)
Food habits of the galician population
Authorship
A.M.P.V.
Master in Public Health
A.M.P.V.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.25.2025 16:20
06.25.2025 16:20
Summary
The food consumption pattern has undergone changes in recent years that have shifted away from the traditional pattern. There are no recent studies assessing the diet of the Galician population. Our objective is to describe the diet of the Galician population in 2024 and its relationship to socioeconomic characteristics, analyzing the changes in eating habits since 2007. The eating habits of the Galician population have changed depending on their socioeconomic characteristics. The consumption pattern of fresh fruits and vegetables has decreased and is low compared to other Autonomous Communities.
The food consumption pattern has undergone changes in recent years that have shifted away from the traditional pattern. There are no recent studies assessing the diet of the Galician population. Our objective is to describe the diet of the Galician population in 2024 and its relationship to socioeconomic characteristics, analyzing the changes in eating habits since 2007. The eating habits of the Galician population have changed depending on their socioeconomic characteristics. The consumption pattern of fresh fruits and vegetables has decreased and is low compared to other Autonomous Communities.
Direction
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
Court
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Chairman)
Candal Pedreira, Cristina (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Chairman)
Candal Pedreira, Cristina (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
Impact of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure on the Respiratory Health of Never Smokers: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Authorship
W.R.A.
Master in Public Health
W.R.A.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.25.2025 10:00
06.25.2025 10:00
Summary
Abstract. Introduction. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked to various diseases and symptoms, primarily respiratory, posing a public health risk. The available evidence on the impact of ETS exposure on the respiratory health of never smokers shows inconsistencies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to synthesize the available evidence on the impact of ETS on lung function and the development of respiratory symptoms in individuals who have never smoked. Methods. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. The literature search was carried out in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. All studies conducted in adult never smokers assessing the impact of ETS on lung function and/or the presence of respiratory symptoms were included. Meta-analyses were performed on outcomes assessed by at least three or more studies, using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, study influence was evaluated through sensitivity analyses, and publication bias was assessed using Begg’s and Egger’s tests and funnel plot analysis. Results. A total of 27 studies were included, comprising 19 cross-sectional and 8 cohort studies, with a combined sample size of 135,363 participants (67.4% never smokers). Of these, 22 studies assessed lung function and 15 assessed respiratory symptoms. Regarding lung function, subjects exposed to ETS had a mean FEF25-75 that was 5.92% lower than that of unexposed individuals (95% CI: -10.49% to -1.35%) and an FEV1/FVC that was 2.52% lower (95% CI: -4.32% to -0.73%). Among respiratory symptoms, statistically significant associations were found between ETS exposure and cough [pooled OR 1.17 (95% CI: 1.08-1.27)]; wheezing [OR 1.27 (95% CI: 1.00-1.62)]; and dyspnea [OR 1.16 (95% CI: 1.07-1.26)]. Conclusion. Based on the findings of this review, it can be concluded that exposure to ETS in never smokers leads to impaired respiratory function, particularly affecting FEF25-75 and FEV1/FVC. Furthermore, there is an increased risk of developing cough, wheezing, and dyspnea compared to unexposed never smokers.
Abstract. Introduction. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked to various diseases and symptoms, primarily respiratory, posing a public health risk. The available evidence on the impact of ETS exposure on the respiratory health of never smokers shows inconsistencies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to synthesize the available evidence on the impact of ETS on lung function and the development of respiratory symptoms in individuals who have never smoked. Methods. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. The literature search was carried out in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. All studies conducted in adult never smokers assessing the impact of ETS on lung function and/or the presence of respiratory symptoms were included. Meta-analyses were performed on outcomes assessed by at least three or more studies, using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, study influence was evaluated through sensitivity analyses, and publication bias was assessed using Begg’s and Egger’s tests and funnel plot analysis. Results. A total of 27 studies were included, comprising 19 cross-sectional and 8 cohort studies, with a combined sample size of 135,363 participants (67.4% never smokers). Of these, 22 studies assessed lung function and 15 assessed respiratory symptoms. Regarding lung function, subjects exposed to ETS had a mean FEF25-75 that was 5.92% lower than that of unexposed individuals (95% CI: -10.49% to -1.35%) and an FEV1/FVC that was 2.52% lower (95% CI: -4.32% to -0.73%). Among respiratory symptoms, statistically significant associations were found between ETS exposure and cough [pooled OR 1.17 (95% CI: 1.08-1.27)]; wheezing [OR 1.27 (95% CI: 1.00-1.62)]; and dyspnea [OR 1.16 (95% CI: 1.07-1.26)]. Conclusion. Based on the findings of this review, it can be concluded that exposure to ETS in never smokers leads to impaired respiratory function, particularly affecting FEF25-75 and FEV1/FVC. Furthermore, there is an increased risk of developing cough, wheezing, and dyspnea compared to unexposed never smokers.
Direction
Candal Pedreira, Cristina (Tutorships)
RUANO RAVIÑA, ALBERTO (Co-tutorships)
Candal Pedreira, Cristina (Tutorships)
RUANO RAVIÑA, ALBERTO (Co-tutorships)
Court
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Rey Brandariz, Julia (Secretary)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Member)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Chairman)
Rey Brandariz, Julia (Secretary)
RODRÍGUEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Mª DE LA ALMUDENA (Member)
The Coverage of Drugs in the Galician Press: Analysis of News Articles Published in 2022
Authorship
E.V.R.
Master in Public Health
E.V.R.
Master in Public Health
Defense date
06.25.2025 16:00
06.25.2025 16:00
Summary
Introduction: Drug use is a social and public health issue. The media could serve as a tool to spread messages about drug use impact on health and society. Their approach on the subject has repercussions on the public perception and attitudes. Objective: To analyze in a quantitative and qualitative manner the communication of drug-related topics in the main newspaper of Galicia during 2022, and to contextualize the findings within the Galician population. Methods: A search was conducted for every news article published in 2022 in the digital edition of the newspaper La Voz de Galicia that referenced cocaine, heroin, cannabis and minor drugs. The search was conducted individually using keywords and was limited to articles published between January 1st and December 31st 2022. The following variables were collected in a predesigned Excel table: edition, day of the week and publication date, headline, newspaper section, article location, presence of images, among others. Each article was categorized based on its content and a descriptive analysis of the information was carried out. A qualitative analysis of the articles classified under the health category was performed (formal information analysis and content analysis). Additionally, drug consumption prevalence was estimated for Galician provinces using microdata obtained from the 2022 Survey on Alcohol and Other Drugs in Spain. Drug consumption prevalence per province and amount of news articles published in each of them was compared. Data analysis was executed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (29.0.1.0 version). Results: A total of 1,696 news articles were included in the final analysis, with the majority of them focusing on cocaine, followed by cannabis. The main category identified was police and judiciary articles. The health specific section showed very few articles concerning drug use. An inverse relationship was found between the prevalence of drug use and the percentage of news articles published by province. Conclusion: Drug consumption continues to be presented from a punitive and stigmatizing point of view, with a focus in police and judicial reporting. A more balanced informational approach is essential for the media to fulfill its potential role as a public health agent. Greater collaboration is needed between public health professionals and media teams to design effective prevention and education campaigns.
Introduction: Drug use is a social and public health issue. The media could serve as a tool to spread messages about drug use impact on health and society. Their approach on the subject has repercussions on the public perception and attitudes. Objective: To analyze in a quantitative and qualitative manner the communication of drug-related topics in the main newspaper of Galicia during 2022, and to contextualize the findings within the Galician population. Methods: A search was conducted for every news article published in 2022 in the digital edition of the newspaper La Voz de Galicia that referenced cocaine, heroin, cannabis and minor drugs. The search was conducted individually using keywords and was limited to articles published between January 1st and December 31st 2022. The following variables were collected in a predesigned Excel table: edition, day of the week and publication date, headline, newspaper section, article location, presence of images, among others. Each article was categorized based on its content and a descriptive analysis of the information was carried out. A qualitative analysis of the articles classified under the health category was performed (formal information analysis and content analysis). Additionally, drug consumption prevalence was estimated for Galician provinces using microdata obtained from the 2022 Survey on Alcohol and Other Drugs in Spain. Drug consumption prevalence per province and amount of news articles published in each of them was compared. Data analysis was executed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (29.0.1.0 version). Results: A total of 1,696 news articles were included in the final analysis, with the majority of them focusing on cocaine, followed by cannabis. The main category identified was police and judiciary articles. The health specific section showed very few articles concerning drug use. An inverse relationship was found between the prevalence of drug use and the percentage of news articles published by province. Conclusion: Drug consumption continues to be presented from a punitive and stigmatizing point of view, with a focus in police and judicial reporting. A more balanced informational approach is essential for the media to fulfill its potential role as a public health agent. Greater collaboration is needed between public health professionals and media teams to design effective prevention and education campaigns.
Direction
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
GARCIA , GUADALUPE (Co-tutorships)
PEREZ RIOS, MONICA (Tutorships)
GARCIA , GUADALUPE (Co-tutorships)
Court
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Chairman)
Candal Pedreira, Cristina (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Chairman)
Candal Pedreira, Cristina (Secretary)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Member)