Development of a 3D-printed intra-articular implant for the controlled release of therapeutic agents in knee injuries.
Authorship
N.A.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
N.A.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscal injuries are among the most common traumatic knee pathologies and may require surgical treatment. Following surgery, the local inflammatory response can hinder recovery, making the development of strategies capable of providing localized and sustained delivery of therapeutic agents of particular interest. The aim of this study was to develop and manufacture, by means of semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing, an implantable system intended for intra-articular drug delivery. To achieve this, a systematic optimization process of polymeric formulations was carried out by evaluating different combinations of polyethylene oxide, carbomers, polyethylene glycol 400, and other excipients. PEO-based formulations showed limitations related to structural stability and hydration behavior. In contrast, carbomer-based formulations exhibited more suitable properties for 3D printing applications. Subsequently, prednisolone was incorporated as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient, and both the ink composition and printing parameters were optimized. The resulting implants exhibited adequate structural stability and hydration capacity. Drug release studies and HPLC analysis demonstrated a progressive and sustained release of prednisolone, reaching a mean cumulative release of 90.79% after 168 hours. These results demonstrate the feasibility of semi-solid extrusion 3D printing for the manufacture of prolonged-release intra-articular implants.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscal injuries are among the most common traumatic knee pathologies and may require surgical treatment. Following surgery, the local inflammatory response can hinder recovery, making the development of strategies capable of providing localized and sustained delivery of therapeutic agents of particular interest. The aim of this study was to develop and manufacture, by means of semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing, an implantable system intended for intra-articular drug delivery. To achieve this, a systematic optimization process of polymeric formulations was carried out by evaluating different combinations of polyethylene oxide, carbomers, polyethylene glycol 400, and other excipients. PEO-based formulations showed limitations related to structural stability and hydration behavior. In contrast, carbomer-based formulations exhibited more suitable properties for 3D printing applications. Subsequently, prednisolone was incorporated as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient, and both the ink composition and printing parameters were optimized. The resulting implants exhibited adequate structural stability and hydration capacity. Drug release studies and HPLC analysis demonstrated a progressive and sustained release of prednisolone, reaching a mean cumulative release of 90.79% after 168 hours. These results demonstrate the feasibility of semi-solid extrusion 3D printing for the manufacture of prolonged-release intra-articular implants.
Direction
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Tutorships)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Tropane alkaloids in food
Authorship
C.A.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.A.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Tropane alkaloids (TA), primarily (-)-hyoscyamine and (-)-scopolamine, are secondary metabolites synthesised by plants of the Solanaceae family. These compounds may accidentally contaminate the food chain, particularly cereals and pseudocereals, due to the incorporation of seeds from wild species during harvesting. Their significance lies in their antagonistic action on muscarinic receptors, which is responsible for clinical manifestations such as tachycardia, mydriasis, hyperthermia and dry mucous membranes, with young children and the elderly being the most vulnerable groups. This paper examines contamination by these compounds, analysing their main sources, their toxicology and risk management, as well as the analytical methodology used for their detection and the current regulatory framework in the European Union (EU). Furthermore, 24 alert notifications recorded in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) are analysed in order to assess the current situation regarding this contaminant. The results show that cereals and cereal products are the most affected matrices and that, on numerous occasions, the reported concentrations exceed the maximum limits established by European legislation. These findings highlight the need to strengthen preventive measures and official controls throughout the food chain to minimise public exposure.
Tropane alkaloids (TA), primarily (-)-hyoscyamine and (-)-scopolamine, are secondary metabolites synthesised by plants of the Solanaceae family. These compounds may accidentally contaminate the food chain, particularly cereals and pseudocereals, due to the incorporation of seeds from wild species during harvesting. Their significance lies in their antagonistic action on muscarinic receptors, which is responsible for clinical manifestations such as tachycardia, mydriasis, hyperthermia and dry mucous membranes, with young children and the elderly being the most vulnerable groups. This paper examines contamination by these compounds, analysing their main sources, their toxicology and risk management, as well as the analytical methodology used for their detection and the current regulatory framework in the European Union (EU). Furthermore, 24 alert notifications recorded in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) are analysed in order to assess the current situation regarding this contaminant. The results show that cereals and cereal products are the most affected matrices and that, on numerous occasions, the reported concentrations exceed the maximum limits established by European legislation. These findings highlight the need to strengthen preventive measures and official controls throughout the food chain to minimise public exposure.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Advances in melanoma’s treatment: targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
Authorship
M.A.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.A.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer characterized by a high capacity for invasion and metastasis. In recent years, the development of innovative treatments such as targeted therapies and immunotherapy has played a key role in improving the management and prognosis of patients with advanced melanoma, representing a significant advance in the treatment of this disease. In this Final Degree Project, an attempt was made to analyze the available scientific evidence on both therapeutic strategies by reviewing their mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety, resistance mechanisms, and the factors involved in treatment selection. To achieve this, a structured bibliographic review was carried out through the search and analysis of scientific articles obtained from different databases. The results showed that targeted therapies, specifically BRAF and MEK inhibitors, provide rapid and deep responses, especially in patients with a high tumor burden or rapid disease progression. However, these treatments may lead to the development of resistance mechanisms over time. On the other hand, immunotherapy allows for more durable and long-lasting responses and has demonstrated important benefits in overall survival, although in some cases it can produce significant adverse effects. In conclusion, the choice of treatment should be individualized according to each patient and the characteristics of the tumor in each case. Factors such as tumor burden and clinical condition, play an important role in therapeutic decision-making. Therefore, it remains essential to continue researching new therapeutic strategies that improve patient prognosis, reduce resistance mechanisms, and minimize treatment-related adverse effects.
Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer characterized by a high capacity for invasion and metastasis. In recent years, the development of innovative treatments such as targeted therapies and immunotherapy has played a key role in improving the management and prognosis of patients with advanced melanoma, representing a significant advance in the treatment of this disease. In this Final Degree Project, an attempt was made to analyze the available scientific evidence on both therapeutic strategies by reviewing their mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety, resistance mechanisms, and the factors involved in treatment selection. To achieve this, a structured bibliographic review was carried out through the search and analysis of scientific articles obtained from different databases. The results showed that targeted therapies, specifically BRAF and MEK inhibitors, provide rapid and deep responses, especially in patients with a high tumor burden or rapid disease progression. However, these treatments may lead to the development of resistance mechanisms over time. On the other hand, immunotherapy allows for more durable and long-lasting responses and has demonstrated important benefits in overall survival, although in some cases it can produce significant adverse effects. In conclusion, the choice of treatment should be individualized according to each patient and the characteristics of the tumor in each case. Factors such as tumor burden and clinical condition, play an important role in therapeutic decision-making. Therefore, it remains essential to continue researching new therapeutic strategies that improve patient prognosis, reduce resistance mechanisms, and minimize treatment-related adverse effects.
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Application of bacteriophages in the treatment of lung infections
Authorship
A.A.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.A.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Bacterial lung infections, particularly those caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, represent a major public health challenge due to the progressive loss of effectiveness of conventional antibiotics. In this context, phage therapy has re-emerged as a promising alternative therapeutic strategy based on the use of bacteriophages, commonly referred to as phages, viruses capable of infecting and destroying bacteria with high specificity. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive bibliographic review of the current state of phage therapy, with a particular focus on its application in pulmonary infections and on delivery systems for pulmonary administration. A structured search was conducted in the PubMed database, complemented by relevant institutional sources such as the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS), including relevant reviews, preclinical and clinical studies. The findings indicate that phage therapy shows significant therapeutic potential against clinically relevant pathogens, including those belonging to the ESKAPE group, such as Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species. Preclinical evidence demonstrates notable efficacy in experimental models, while clinical evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, mainly on case reports and early-phase clinical trials. Furthermore, pulmonary delivery systems play a crucial role in therapeutic efficacy. Liquid formulations administered via nebulization are currently the most widely investigated approach, although solid formulations encapsulation systems are emerging as promising strategies to improve stability and controlled release. In conclusion, phage therapy represents a promising alternative for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pulmonary infections. However, its clinical implementation requires further evidence from well-designed clinical trials, as well as the standardization of treatment protocols and optimization of delivery systems.
Bacterial lung infections, particularly those caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, represent a major public health challenge due to the progressive loss of effectiveness of conventional antibiotics. In this context, phage therapy has re-emerged as a promising alternative therapeutic strategy based on the use of bacteriophages, commonly referred to as phages, viruses capable of infecting and destroying bacteria with high specificity. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive bibliographic review of the current state of phage therapy, with a particular focus on its application in pulmonary infections and on delivery systems for pulmonary administration. A structured search was conducted in the PubMed database, complemented by relevant institutional sources such as the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS), including relevant reviews, preclinical and clinical studies. The findings indicate that phage therapy shows significant therapeutic potential against clinically relevant pathogens, including those belonging to the ESKAPE group, such as Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species. Preclinical evidence demonstrates notable efficacy in experimental models, while clinical evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, mainly on case reports and early-phase clinical trials. Furthermore, pulmonary delivery systems play a crucial role in therapeutic efficacy. Liquid formulations administered via nebulization are currently the most widely investigated approach, although solid formulations encapsulation systems are emerging as promising strategies to improve stability and controlled release. In conclusion, phage therapy represents a promising alternative for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pulmonary infections. However, its clinical implementation requires further evidence from well-designed clinical trials, as well as the standardization of treatment protocols and optimization of delivery systems.
Direction
REMUÑAN LOPEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
REMUÑAN LOPEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Role of the Pharmacist in the Comprehensive Management of Patients with Breast Cancer
Authorship
L.A.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.A.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Breast cancer is one of the most common neoplasms in women and represents a major health problem due to its high incidence and the physical, emotional, and social impact it causes. Advances in early diagnosis and treatments have improved the prognosis of the disease, although the therapies used may produce adverse effects that affect patients’ quality of life and treatment adherence. This Final Degree Project aims to analyze the importance of pharmaceutical care in women with breast cancer, highlighting the role of the pharmacist within the multidisciplinary approach to the disease. To this end, a narrative literature review was carried out, focusing on early detection, the identification and management of side effects, pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies to minimize their impact, and the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits. The results show that the community pharmacist, due to their accessibility and proximity, can contribute to health education, pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, the detection of warning signs, and the improvement of treatment adherence. In addition, they can provide individualized recommendations on nutrition, physical exercise, and self-care, promoting comprehensive and continuous care. In conclusion, pharmaceutical care represents a key element in improving treatment safety, optimizing quality of life, and supporting patients with breast cancer throughout the entire healthcare process.
Breast cancer is one of the most common neoplasms in women and represents a major health problem due to its high incidence and the physical, emotional, and social impact it causes. Advances in early diagnosis and treatments have improved the prognosis of the disease, although the therapies used may produce adverse effects that affect patients’ quality of life and treatment adherence. This Final Degree Project aims to analyze the importance of pharmaceutical care in women with breast cancer, highlighting the role of the pharmacist within the multidisciplinary approach to the disease. To this end, a narrative literature review was carried out, focusing on early detection, the identification and management of side effects, pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies to minimize their impact, and the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits. The results show that the community pharmacist, due to their accessibility and proximity, can contribute to health education, pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, the detection of warning signs, and the improvement of treatment adherence. In addition, they can provide individualized recommendations on nutrition, physical exercise, and self-care, promoting comprehensive and continuous care. In conclusion, pharmaceutical care represents a key element in improving treatment safety, optimizing quality of life, and supporting patients with breast cancer throughout the entire healthcare process.
Direction
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Tutorships)
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Analytical methods for the determination of chemical contaminants migrating from packaging into foods
Authorship
C.A.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.A.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Food contact materials can be a source of exposure to chemical contaminants due to their migration from packaging into food. Among the compounds of greatest interest, bisphenols, phthalates, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and oligomers, stand out because of their potential toxicity. This work presents a bibliographic review of the analytical methodologies used for their identification and quantification in packaging materials, food and food simulants, while also considering their regulatory framework and risk assessment. Recent studies focused on sample preparation and instrumental análisis, were collected. The results show that the choice of method depends on the physicochemical properties of the contaminant, the complexity of the matrix and the aim of the analysis. LC-MS/MS predominates in the determination of bisphenols and PFAS, while GC-MS/MS is particularly relevant for phthalates. For oligomers, HRMS is important due to the lack of commercial standards. Finally, the work highlights the need to develop more sensitive, selective and sustainable methodologies to improve the control of emerging contaminants and ensure food safety
Food contact materials can be a source of exposure to chemical contaminants due to their migration from packaging into food. Among the compounds of greatest interest, bisphenols, phthalates, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and oligomers, stand out because of their potential toxicity. This work presents a bibliographic review of the analytical methodologies used for their identification and quantification in packaging materials, food and food simulants, while also considering their regulatory framework and risk assessment. Recent studies focused on sample preparation and instrumental análisis, were collected. The results show that the choice of method depends on the physicochemical properties of the contaminant, the complexity of the matrix and the aim of the analysis. LC-MS/MS predominates in the determination of bisphenols and PFAS, while GC-MS/MS is particularly relevant for phthalates. For oligomers, HRMS is important due to the lack of commercial standards. Finally, the work highlights the need to develop more sensitive, selective and sustainable methodologies to improve the control of emerging contaminants and ensure food safety
Direction
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
Identification and evaluation of allosteric modulators of the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor
Authorship
M.A.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.A.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that regulates numerous physiological functions by interacting with 14 distinct receptors, most of which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Among these, the 5-HT2C receptor, located in both the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system of the human body, is a target of interest for treating multiple conditions, including schizophrenia, epilepsy, depression, addiction, anxiety and obesity. Since the 1980s, orthosteric ligands for this receptor have been identified. However, despite their clinical relevance, the high degree of homology among 5-HT receptor subtypes and other GPCRs often results in adverse side effects, thereby compromising the patient´s quality of life. Consequently, there is a growing interest in discovering ligands that bind to more specific and less conserved sites, as allosteric modulators do. The general objective of this research was to evaluate these ligands targeting the second extracellular loop of the 5-HT2C receptor, coupled to the Gq protein, utilizing compounds selected through in silico screening. An in vitro functional assay sensitive to Gq protein coupling was developed, monitoring the response through fluorometry of the calcium released from the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, several compounds acting as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) were characterized, enhancing the receptor's signal. The results of these studies could be useful for discovering new drugs with greater selectivity for the treatment of multiple pathologies, resulting in fewer adverse effects and an overall improvement in the patient´s quality of life.
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that regulates numerous physiological functions by interacting with 14 distinct receptors, most of which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Among these, the 5-HT2C receptor, located in both the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system of the human body, is a target of interest for treating multiple conditions, including schizophrenia, epilepsy, depression, addiction, anxiety and obesity. Since the 1980s, orthosteric ligands for this receptor have been identified. However, despite their clinical relevance, the high degree of homology among 5-HT receptor subtypes and other GPCRs often results in adverse side effects, thereby compromising the patient´s quality of life. Consequently, there is a growing interest in discovering ligands that bind to more specific and less conserved sites, as allosteric modulators do. The general objective of this research was to evaluate these ligands targeting the second extracellular loop of the 5-HT2C receptor, coupled to the Gq protein, utilizing compounds selected through in silico screening. An in vitro functional assay sensitive to Gq protein coupling was developed, monitoring the response through fluorometry of the calcium released from the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, several compounds acting as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) were characterized, enhancing the receptor's signal. The results of these studies could be useful for discovering new drugs with greater selectivity for the treatment of multiple pathologies, resulting in fewer adverse effects and an overall improvement in the patient´s quality of life.
Direction
BREA FLORIANI, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
BREA FLORIANI, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Evaluation of the stability of prion proteins in the context of the susceptibility of different species to prion disease
Authorship
S.M.Á.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.M.Á.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by prions, which are infectious agents consist solely of protein. The conversion from the cellular form (PrPC) to the infectious form (PrPSc) generates insoluble amyloid aggregates that accumulate in the central nervous system. This conversion is believed to be linked to increased pathogenicity, making it important to study factors, such as protein stability, that might increase susceptibility to this type of misfolding. Certain mutations, such as E200K, are also associated with a higher risk of developing prion diseases, making a comparison of their properties against the wild-type form a subject of particular interest. The following prion proteins were expressed and purified using recombinant technology: HuPrP 90-230, MoPrP 90-231, BVPrP 90-231 (109 I), and BVPrP 90-231 (109 M), corresponding to Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, and two polymorphic variants of Myodes glareolus. Their stability was subsequently analyzed via thermal unfolding monitored by circular dichroism spectroscopy to determine their mean melting temperatures (Tm) based on the signal evolution curves characteristic of the alpha-helix. The evidence from the experiments conducted suggests that there is no correlation between disease propensity and protein instability, although further testing is required.
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by prions, which are infectious agents consist solely of protein. The conversion from the cellular form (PrPC) to the infectious form (PrPSc) generates insoluble amyloid aggregates that accumulate in the central nervous system. This conversion is believed to be linked to increased pathogenicity, making it important to study factors, such as protein stability, that might increase susceptibility to this type of misfolding. Certain mutations, such as E200K, are also associated with a higher risk of developing prion diseases, making a comparison of their properties against the wild-type form a subject of particular interest. The following prion proteins were expressed and purified using recombinant technology: HuPrP 90-230, MoPrP 90-231, BVPrP 90-231 (109 I), and BVPrP 90-231 (109 M), corresponding to Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, and two polymorphic variants of Myodes glareolus. Their stability was subsequently analyzed via thermal unfolding monitored by circular dichroism spectroscopy to determine their mean melting temperatures (Tm) based on the signal evolution curves characteristic of the alpha-helix. The evidence from the experiments conducted suggests that there is no correlation between disease propensity and protein instability, although further testing is required.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ REQUENA, JESUS (Tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
New micro-and nanoplatforms for pulmonary antibiotic delivery
Authorship
L.Á.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.Á.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Tuberculosis remains one of the infectious diseases with the greatest global health impact, making it necessary to develop new strategies that improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce the adverse effects associated with conventional treatments. In this study, chitosan nanocapsules loaded with rifabutin (NCs CS-RFB) were developed and incorporated into sporopollenin microcapsules (SECs:NCs CS-RFB), with the aim of obtaining a hybrid nano-in-micro system for pulmonary administration. The NCs were prepared using a solvent displacement technique and characterized by determining their size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency. In parallel, a purification protocol for Matricaria chamomilla pollen was optimized to obtain sporopollenin microcapsules (SECs), which were subsequently used as microcarriers to incorporate the NCs. Additionally, the release profile of RFB and the biocompatibility of the formulations were evaluated using RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed the successful production of NCs with nanometric size (174-186 nm), homogeneous distribution, high positive surface charge (+51-52 mV), and an encapsulation efficiency close to 89%. The purification protocol preserved the structure of the SECs, facilitating the formation of the hybrid system. Furthermore, the incorporation of NCs into the SECs resulted in a more sustained release of RFB compared to free NCs. Cell viability studies demonstrated adequate biocompatibility for all evaluated formulations. Overall, the obtained results indicate that the developed hybrid micro-nanosystems represent a promising strategy for targeted pulmonary delivery of RFB.
Tuberculosis remains one of the infectious diseases with the greatest global health impact, making it necessary to develop new strategies that improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce the adverse effects associated with conventional treatments. In this study, chitosan nanocapsules loaded with rifabutin (NCs CS-RFB) were developed and incorporated into sporopollenin microcapsules (SECs:NCs CS-RFB), with the aim of obtaining a hybrid nano-in-micro system for pulmonary administration. The NCs were prepared using a solvent displacement technique and characterized by determining their size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency. In parallel, a purification protocol for Matricaria chamomilla pollen was optimized to obtain sporopollenin microcapsules (SECs), which were subsequently used as microcarriers to incorporate the NCs. Additionally, the release profile of RFB and the biocompatibility of the formulations were evaluated using RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed the successful production of NCs with nanometric size (174-186 nm), homogeneous distribution, high positive surface charge (+51-52 mV), and an encapsulation efficiency close to 89%. The purification protocol preserved the structure of the SECs, facilitating the formation of the hybrid system. Furthermore, the incorporation of NCs into the SECs resulted in a more sustained release of RFB compared to free NCs. Cell viability studies demonstrated adequate biocompatibility for all evaluated formulations. Overall, the obtained results indicate that the developed hybrid micro-nanosystems represent a promising strategy for targeted pulmonary delivery of RFB.
Direction
REMUÑAN LOPEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
REMUÑAN LOPEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Court
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
Omega-3 fatty acids and their relationship with cognitive function and brain health
Authorship
J.Á.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
J.Á.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Cognitive function depends on the proper functioning of multiple neuronal mechanisms, including membrane integrity, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and the regulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), participate in these processes and could contribute to the maintenance of brain health. The aim of this bibliographic review was to evaluate the current scientific evidence regarding the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive function, as well as to identify the factors that condition their clinical effectiveness. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, and longitudinal studies published within the last five years were included. The available evidence suggests that omega-3 supplementation provides modest and selective cognitive benfits, mainly improving working memory, attention, processing speed, and certain executive functions, whereas results on global cognition remain inconsistent. The heterogeneity observed among studies can be explained by factors such as the administered dose, intervention duration, bioavailability, baseline cognitive and nutritional status, and the influence of APOE 4 genotype. Overall, the findings suggest that omega 3 fatty acids constitute a potentially promising strategy for preserving brain health and preventing cognitive decline, particularly in individuals at increased risk. However, their effectiveness depends on individual biological and clinical characteristics, and current evidence does not support the routine recommendation of omega-3 supplementation for the general population.
Cognitive function depends on the proper functioning of multiple neuronal mechanisms, including membrane integrity, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and the regulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), participate in these processes and could contribute to the maintenance of brain health. The aim of this bibliographic review was to evaluate the current scientific evidence regarding the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive function, as well as to identify the factors that condition their clinical effectiveness. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, and longitudinal studies published within the last five years were included. The available evidence suggests that omega-3 supplementation provides modest and selective cognitive benfits, mainly improving working memory, attention, processing speed, and certain executive functions, whereas results on global cognition remain inconsistent. The heterogeneity observed among studies can be explained by factors such as the administered dose, intervention duration, bioavailability, baseline cognitive and nutritional status, and the influence of APOE 4 genotype. Overall, the findings suggest that omega 3 fatty acids constitute a potentially promising strategy for preserving brain health and preventing cognitive decline, particularly in individuals at increased risk. However, their effectiveness depends on individual biological and clinical characteristics, and current evidence does not support the routine recommendation of omega-3 supplementation for the general population.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Protection of the blood brain barrier with beta adrenergic drugs: a comparative evaluation
Authorship
S.V.Á.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.V.Á.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Neurodegenerative diseases are pathologies with high clinical and socioeconomic impact. Despite advances in biomedical research, available treatments are symptomatic and do not halt associated neuronal death. Blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption has been identified as a shared pathophysiological mechanism in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ALS, making it a therapeutic target. Beta adrenergic receptors are expressed in cerebral microvascular endothelium, and recent evidence suggests that activation or blockade of beta 1 and beta 3 subtypes may exert antiinflammatory effects and modulate BBB stability, which justifies exploring the repurposing of modulators of these receptors. The aim was to evaluate and compare the protective effect on the BBB of two selective beta 1 antagonists (metoprolol and bisoprolol), a non selective beta blocker (propranolol), and the beta 3 agonist mirabegron, using bEnd.3 cells as an in vitro BBB model exposed to LPS induced inflammation. Results showed that LPS significantly reduced TEER and claudin 5 expression; metoprolol and mirabegron, at non cytotoxic doses, significantly attenuated the LPS induced decrease in TEER, while bisoprolol showed a non significant trend in the same direction and propranolol demonstrated no protective effect. None of the drugs significantly preserved claudin 5 expression against the inflammatory stimulus. These results suggest that metoprolol and mirabegron could contribute to preserving BBB functional integrity under inflammatory conditions, although further studies are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and confirm their therapeutic potential.
Neurodegenerative diseases are pathologies with high clinical and socioeconomic impact. Despite advances in biomedical research, available treatments are symptomatic and do not halt associated neuronal death. Blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption has been identified as a shared pathophysiological mechanism in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ALS, making it a therapeutic target. Beta adrenergic receptors are expressed in cerebral microvascular endothelium, and recent evidence suggests that activation or blockade of beta 1 and beta 3 subtypes may exert antiinflammatory effects and modulate BBB stability, which justifies exploring the repurposing of modulators of these receptors. The aim was to evaluate and compare the protective effect on the BBB of two selective beta 1 antagonists (metoprolol and bisoprolol), a non selective beta blocker (propranolol), and the beta 3 agonist mirabegron, using bEnd.3 cells as an in vitro BBB model exposed to LPS induced inflammation. Results showed that LPS significantly reduced TEER and claudin 5 expression; metoprolol and mirabegron, at non cytotoxic doses, significantly attenuated the LPS induced decrease in TEER, while bisoprolol showed a non significant trend in the same direction and propranolol demonstrated no protective effect. None of the drugs significantly preserved claudin 5 expression against the inflammatory stimulus. These results suggest that metoprolol and mirabegron could contribute to preserving BBB functional integrity under inflammatory conditions, although further studies are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and confirm their therapeutic potential.
Direction
CAMPOS TOIMIL, MANUEL (Tutorships)
CAMPOS TOIMIL, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Beta-3 adrenergic drugs: new arsenal against obesity
Authorship
L.C.A.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.C.A.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Obesity is a condition gaining prevalence in the world’s population that increases the risk of suffering long-term diseases exponentially. Despite, the therapeutic armamentarium available is poor and low-specific targeted to the treatment of obesity itself. The beta-3 adrenergic receptors showed their activity directly related to lipidic systems and metabolism, promoting them as a possible more adequate and specific target. Therefore, in this paper it is made a review of known beta-3 adrenergic agonist drugs that could be used as a obesity-selective candidates, researching for their mechanism of action, farmacology aspects, chemical structures, experimental results and SAR studies. At present, there is a family of compounds with few representatives due to their relative recently discovery, being the best known Mirabegron and Vibegron, which highlights the necessity of increasing the investigation of recognized molecules and to verify their viability as anti-obesity drugs.
Obesity is a condition gaining prevalence in the world’s population that increases the risk of suffering long-term diseases exponentially. Despite, the therapeutic armamentarium available is poor and low-specific targeted to the treatment of obesity itself. The beta-3 adrenergic receptors showed their activity directly related to lipidic systems and metabolism, promoting them as a possible more adequate and specific target. Therefore, in this paper it is made a review of known beta-3 adrenergic agonist drugs that could be used as a obesity-selective candidates, researching for their mechanism of action, farmacology aspects, chemical structures, experimental results and SAR studies. At present, there is a family of compounds with few representatives due to their relative recently discovery, being the best known Mirabegron and Vibegron, which highlights the necessity of increasing the investigation of recognized molecules and to verify their viability as anti-obesity drugs.
Direction
GARCIA MERA, XERARDO XUSTO (Tutorships)
GARCIA MERA, XERARDO XUSTO (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Therapeutic advances in psoriasis: Biologics, Small- Molecule Inhibitors and Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Authorship
L.A.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.A.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease characterized by the appearance of lesions in the form of red plaques covered with scales, often accompanied by systemic manifestations. Its most characteristic phenotype is psoriasis vulgaris. It is a complex, multifactorial disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Currently, there is no curative treatment for psoriasis. Classical therapeutic options include topical treatment, phototherapy, systemic agents and biologic drugs such as TNF-alfa inhibitors; however, all of these have significant limitations. Advances in the understanding of the disease’s pathogenesis and the discovery of the key role of the TNF-alfa-IL-23-IL-17 signaling pathway have enabled the development of next-generation therapies. These new therapies have greater specificity, and among them, biologic drugs targeting IL-12/23, IL-23 and IL-17 stand out, as well as small-molecule agents, such as JAK inhibitors and PDE4 inhibitors. The PASI (Psoriasis Area Severity Index) is the clinical severity scale that is used to assess treatment efficacy. On the other hand, a greater understanding of the physiology of the stratum corneum has led to the emergence of advanced forms of topical drug delivery. These include nanotechnology-based strategies, such as lipid nanoparticles, as well as delivery devices like microneedles, which offer advantages over traditional topical administration.
Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease characterized by the appearance of lesions in the form of red plaques covered with scales, often accompanied by systemic manifestations. Its most characteristic phenotype is psoriasis vulgaris. It is a complex, multifactorial disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Currently, there is no curative treatment for psoriasis. Classical therapeutic options include topical treatment, phototherapy, systemic agents and biologic drugs such as TNF-alfa inhibitors; however, all of these have significant limitations. Advances in the understanding of the disease’s pathogenesis and the discovery of the key role of the TNF-alfa-IL-23-IL-17 signaling pathway have enabled the development of next-generation therapies. These new therapies have greater specificity, and among them, biologic drugs targeting IL-12/23, IL-23 and IL-17 stand out, as well as small-molecule agents, such as JAK inhibitors and PDE4 inhibitors. The PASI (Psoriasis Area Severity Index) is the clinical severity scale that is used to assess treatment efficacy. On the other hand, a greater understanding of the physiology of the stratum corneum has led to the emergence of advanced forms of topical drug delivery. These include nanotechnology-based strategies, such as lipid nanoparticles, as well as delivery devices like microneedles, which offer advantages over traditional topical administration.
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Advances in cell therapy for Parkinson's disease: current status and prospects for clinical application.
Authorship
A.A.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.A.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Introduction: Parkinson´s disease (PD) is a highly disabling progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement primarily as well as many non-motor symptoms. Currently, therapies such as levodopa, remain the cornerstone of treatment, although their effects are limited to symptomatic control and they do not halt nor slow neurodegeneration. For this reason, considerable research is focused on developing new therapies capable of slowing disease progression and modifying its course, with cell therapy emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy. The main objective of this study is to analyse recent scientific evidence regarding cell therapy potential in PD by evaluating cell types used, efficacy, safety, advantages and limitations, as well as their future prospects. Methods: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed search engine and the Scopus database. After applying the predefined search strategy and selection criteria, six clinical trials published within the last ten years were identified and analysed. Results: The findings revealed two main therapeutic strategies: neuronal replacement and modulation of neuroinflammation. Their effectiveness depends on several factors, including cell type employed and the stage of the disease, amongst others. Conclusion: This review highlights the significant advances achieved in cell therapy over recent years. However, the available clinical evidence remains limited, highlighting the need for further research to support the development of cell therapy as a potential disease-modifying treatment for Parkinson´s disease.
Introduction: Parkinson´s disease (PD) is a highly disabling progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects movement primarily as well as many non-motor symptoms. Currently, therapies such as levodopa, remain the cornerstone of treatment, although their effects are limited to symptomatic control and they do not halt nor slow neurodegeneration. For this reason, considerable research is focused on developing new therapies capable of slowing disease progression and modifying its course, with cell therapy emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy. The main objective of this study is to analyse recent scientific evidence regarding cell therapy potential in PD by evaluating cell types used, efficacy, safety, advantages and limitations, as well as their future prospects. Methods: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed search engine and the Scopus database. After applying the predefined search strategy and selection criteria, six clinical trials published within the last ten years were identified and analysed. Results: The findings revealed two main therapeutic strategies: neuronal replacement and modulation of neuroinflammation. Their effectiveness depends on several factors, including cell type employed and the stage of the disease, amongst others. Conclusion: This review highlights the significant advances achieved in cell therapy over recent years. However, the available clinical evidence remains limited, highlighting the need for further research to support the development of cell therapy as a potential disease-modifying treatment for Parkinson´s disease.
Direction
VALENZUELA LIMIÑANA, RITA (Tutorships)
VALENZUELA LIMIÑANA, RITA (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Cellular and Animal Models for the Study of Ocular Drugs
Authorship
S.A.S.
Double bachelor degree in Phamacy and Optics and Optometry
S.A.S.
Double bachelor degree in Phamacy and Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Cellular and animal models are fundamental tools in the development of ocular drugs, as they allow the evaluation of the efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of new formulations before clinical trials. This work presents an updated literature review of the main cellular and animal models, focused on their application in the development of ocular drugs. Their characteristics, therapeutic applications, and limitations are analyzed, as well as future perspectives.
Cellular and animal models are fundamental tools in the development of ocular drugs, as they allow the evaluation of the efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of new formulations before clinical trials. This work presents an updated literature review of the main cellular and animal models, focused on their application in the development of ocular drugs. Their characteristics, therapeutic applications, and limitations are analyzed, as well as future perspectives.
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Characterization of hypothalamic neurons
Authorship
C.A.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.A.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
The hypothalamus is a brain structure that regulates basic bodily functions, with energy homeostasis being one of them. Among the hypothalamic neuronal populations, the arcuate nucleus plays a highly important role in the regulation of energy balance. POMC neurons within this nucleus are critical regulators of metabolism, constituting the main hypothalamic anorexigenic pathway. These cells produce a differential polypeptide precursor called POMC, whose derivatives are involved in the sensation of satiety. In vitro models are crucial tools for current research, as they allow the identification and clarification of mechanisms that cannot be characterized using in vivo models. However, the small population size of POMC neurons hinders the routine generation of stable and reproducible primary cultures. Moreover, although cellular models have been generated through immortalization, these present limitations that restrict their usefulness for studying the biology and function of these neurons. This work proposes the generation of a new POMC neuronal cell line to enable the study of this neuronal population in vitro. To achieve this, a lentiviral vector capable of specifically immortalizing murine POMC neurons was designed. In addition, the ability of these cells to arrest their cell cycle was evaluated through the implementation of the Auxin-Inducible Degron (AID) system. Although the two analyzed clones do not exhibit a fully functional AID system, the obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of the specific immortalization of POMC neurons and support the viability of implementing this system as a strategy for the reversible control of cellular proliferation.
The hypothalamus is a brain structure that regulates basic bodily functions, with energy homeostasis being one of them. Among the hypothalamic neuronal populations, the arcuate nucleus plays a highly important role in the regulation of energy balance. POMC neurons within this nucleus are critical regulators of metabolism, constituting the main hypothalamic anorexigenic pathway. These cells produce a differential polypeptide precursor called POMC, whose derivatives are involved in the sensation of satiety. In vitro models are crucial tools for current research, as they allow the identification and clarification of mechanisms that cannot be characterized using in vivo models. However, the small population size of POMC neurons hinders the routine generation of stable and reproducible primary cultures. Moreover, although cellular models have been generated through immortalization, these present limitations that restrict their usefulness for studying the biology and function of these neurons. This work proposes the generation of a new POMC neuronal cell line to enable the study of this neuronal population in vitro. To achieve this, a lentiviral vector capable of specifically immortalizing murine POMC neurons was designed. In addition, the ability of these cells to arrest their cell cycle was evaluated through the implementation of the Auxin-Inducible Degron (AID) system. Although the two analyzed clones do not exhibit a fully functional AID system, the obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of the specific immortalization of POMC neurons and support the viability of implementing this system as a strategy for the reversible control of cellular proliferation.
Direction
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Tutorships)
LOPEZ PEREZ, MIGUEL ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome at Local Pharmacy Level: From Pharmaceutical Care to Therapeutic Supplementation.
Authorship
E.B.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
E.B.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), recently renamed polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), is one of the most prevalent endocrine-metabolic conditions in women of reproductive age. Despite its impact on metabolic, hormonal, reproductive and psychological health, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, and there persists widespread unawareness among patients regarding its metabolic component and the therapeutic alternatives available beyond hormonal treatment. This work has a dual objective: to review the available scientific evidence on myo-inositol (MI) and D- chiro-inositol (DCI) as non-hormonal supplementation for the management of PCOS, alongside other supplements, and to identify the real needs of patients in order to design a pharmaceutical care strategy from the community pharmacy setting. The methodology combines a bibliographic literature review with a self-designed questionnaire aimed at women with an active diagnosis, oriented towards devising a pharmaceutical care strategy. The results confirm that inositol in a 40:1 ratio has the strongest scientific support for improving insulin resistance (IR), hormonal profile and menstrual regularity. The survey shows that patients perceive care as focused on hormonal symptomatic treatment, with limited information about non-hormonal alternatives. Based on these findings, an action protocol structured according to the Dáder Method is proposed, together with pharmacotherapeutic follow-up forms, medical referral criteria and educational materials, as a replicable pharmaceutical intervention model for local pharmacies.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), recently renamed polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), is one of the most prevalent endocrine-metabolic conditions in women of reproductive age. Despite its impact on metabolic, hormonal, reproductive and psychological health, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, and there persists widespread unawareness among patients regarding its metabolic component and the therapeutic alternatives available beyond hormonal treatment. This work has a dual objective: to review the available scientific evidence on myo-inositol (MI) and D- chiro-inositol (DCI) as non-hormonal supplementation for the management of PCOS, alongside other supplements, and to identify the real needs of patients in order to design a pharmaceutical care strategy from the community pharmacy setting. The methodology combines a bibliographic literature review with a self-designed questionnaire aimed at women with an active diagnosis, oriented towards devising a pharmaceutical care strategy. The results confirm that inositol in a 40:1 ratio has the strongest scientific support for improving insulin resistance (IR), hormonal profile and menstrual regularity. The survey shows that patients perceive care as focused on hormonal symptomatic treatment, with limited information about non-hormonal alternatives. Based on these findings, an action protocol structured according to the Dáder Method is proposed, together with pharmacotherapeutic follow-up forms, medical referral criteria and educational materials, as a replicable pharmaceutical intervention model for local pharmacies.
Direction
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
Court
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
Epilepsy and Antiepileptic Drugs: History and New Discoveries
Authorship
L.B.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.B.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders worldwide, characterized by the recurrent occurrence of seizures caused by excessively abnormal brain activity. A substantial proportion of patients continue to suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy, which limits disease control and significantly affects their quality of life. This work consists of a literature review on epilepsy, addressing its fundamental aspects, including its definition, types, etiology, pathogenic mechanisms, and comorbidities. In addition, an analysis is conducted of the therapeutic strategies currently used for its management, including both monotherapy and combination therapy. A review of the evolution of the pharmacological treatment of epilepsy is presented, describing both conventional antiseizure medications and more recently introduced drugs, as well as those currently under investigation. Their mechanisms of action, clinical indications, efficacy, and safety profiles are analyzed, together with their role within therapeutic strategies. Some of these drugs are currently undergoing clinical trials, and preliminary results have shown improvements in seizure control and the potential to target novel therapeutic pathways. Overall, the reviewed evidence highlights that, although current treatments enable disease control in a large proportion of patients, the development of new drugs with innovative mechanisms of action remains one of the main areas of research in epileptology and represents an opportunity to improve the prognosis and quality of life of people living with epilepsy.
Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological disorders worldwide, characterized by the recurrent occurrence of seizures caused by excessively abnormal brain activity. A substantial proportion of patients continue to suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy, which limits disease control and significantly affects their quality of life. This work consists of a literature review on epilepsy, addressing its fundamental aspects, including its definition, types, etiology, pathogenic mechanisms, and comorbidities. In addition, an analysis is conducted of the therapeutic strategies currently used for its management, including both monotherapy and combination therapy. A review of the evolution of the pharmacological treatment of epilepsy is presented, describing both conventional antiseizure medications and more recently introduced drugs, as well as those currently under investigation. Their mechanisms of action, clinical indications, efficacy, and safety profiles are analyzed, together with their role within therapeutic strategies. Some of these drugs are currently undergoing clinical trials, and preliminary results have shown improvements in seizure control and the potential to target novel therapeutic pathways. Overall, the reviewed evidence highlights that, although current treatments enable disease control in a large proportion of patients, the development of new drugs with innovative mechanisms of action remains one of the main areas of research in epileptology and represents an opportunity to improve the prognosis and quality of life of people living with epilepsy.
Direction
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Tutorships)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Phage Theraphy for the Treatment of Respiratory Infections
Authorship
M.B.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.B.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
The global antimicrobial resistance crisis demands the development of alternative therapeutic strategies, such as phage therapy. In the context of respiratory infections, three critical pathogens stand out: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, along with other opportunistic microorganisms. The objective of this literature review is to analyse the most relevant studies on the potential of phage therapy for the treatment of these respiratory infections. As a main advantage, inhalational administration reduces systemic exposure and delivers phages directly into the site of infection. Two types of formulations are particularly noteworthy: liquid formulations, administered through vibrating mesh nebulizers and characterized by greater stability during nebulization; and solid formulations, which involve more extreme conditions but are more stable in the long term thanks to dry powder inhalers. Preclinical (in vitro, ex vivo, and animal models) and clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy and a favourable safety profile. However, most of the available evidence consists of case reports under compassionate use, with concomitant antibiotic administration in most of cases. Furthermore, the personalized nature of the phage therapy, together with the heterogeneity of respiratory infections, makes it difficult to conduct large-scale clinical trials, thereby hindering its regulation.
The global antimicrobial resistance crisis demands the development of alternative therapeutic strategies, such as phage therapy. In the context of respiratory infections, three critical pathogens stand out: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, along with other opportunistic microorganisms. The objective of this literature review is to analyse the most relevant studies on the potential of phage therapy for the treatment of these respiratory infections. As a main advantage, inhalational administration reduces systemic exposure and delivers phages directly into the site of infection. Two types of formulations are particularly noteworthy: liquid formulations, administered through vibrating mesh nebulizers and characterized by greater stability during nebulization; and solid formulations, which involve more extreme conditions but are more stable in the long term thanks to dry powder inhalers. Preclinical (in vitro, ex vivo, and animal models) and clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy and a favourable safety profile. However, most of the available evidence consists of case reports under compassionate use, with concomitant antibiotic administration in most of cases. Furthermore, the personalized nature of the phage therapy, together with the heterogeneity of respiratory infections, makes it difficult to conduct large-scale clinical trials, thereby hindering its regulation.
Direction
SANCHEZ POZA, MARIA SANDRA (Tutorships)
SANCHEZ POZA, MARIA SANDRA (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Development of dual antagonists of adenosine A1/A2A receptors as non-dopaminergic agents for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Authorship
N.B.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
N.B.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Parkinson’s disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by diverse symptoms, predominantly motor symptoms, such as tremor and rigidity. Current therapies, such as levodopa, aim to restore dopamine levels; however, they are associated with adverse effects, do not address the etiology of the disease, and do not fully alleviate the symptoms. Hence, this project seeks to tackle this disease through a non-dopaminergic approach by designing molecules with antagonist activity in the A1 and A2A adenosine receptors, with possible benefits for cognitive and motor impairment. In this family of compounds, we explored a 5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-amine scaffold, drawing inspiration from adenosine receptor antagonists such as ASP5854 as well as from selected 3-amidocoumarin derivatives. The series includes aromatic substitutions linked through amine and amide bonds, using chemical reactions like the Schotten-Baumann. The compounds were purified by column chromatography and characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The purity was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, molecular docking studies and pharmacokinetic predictions were performed using the ADMET-AI tool, along with biological assays to evaluate their affinity for adenosine receptors. The amine and amide derivatives were obtained with a high degree of purity and were correctly identified by the characterization methods. Furthermore, the therapeutic inter-est suggested by the predictions was supported by the biological assays, in which certain derivatives obtained a moderate affinity for the receptors. Overall, the results support the therapeutic potential of this series of compounds as a basis for the development of A1/A2A antagonists.
Parkinson’s disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by diverse symptoms, predominantly motor symptoms, such as tremor and rigidity. Current therapies, such as levodopa, aim to restore dopamine levels; however, they are associated with adverse effects, do not address the etiology of the disease, and do not fully alleviate the symptoms. Hence, this project seeks to tackle this disease through a non-dopaminergic approach by designing molecules with antagonist activity in the A1 and A2A adenosine receptors, with possible benefits for cognitive and motor impairment. In this family of compounds, we explored a 5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-amine scaffold, drawing inspiration from adenosine receptor antagonists such as ASP5854 as well as from selected 3-amidocoumarin derivatives. The series includes aromatic substitutions linked through amine and amide bonds, using chemical reactions like the Schotten-Baumann. The compounds were purified by column chromatography and characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The purity was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, molecular docking studies and pharmacokinetic predictions were performed using the ADMET-AI tool, along with biological assays to evaluate their affinity for adenosine receptors. The amine and amide derivatives were obtained with a high degree of purity and were correctly identified by the characterization methods. Furthermore, the therapeutic inter-est suggested by the predictions was supported by the biological assays, in which certain derivatives obtained a moderate affinity for the receptors. Overall, the results support the therapeutic potential of this series of compounds as a basis for the development of A1/A2A antagonists.
Direction
CORREIA PINTO CARVALHO DE MATOS, MARIA JOAO (Tutorships)
CORREIA PINTO CARVALHO DE MATOS, MARIA JOAO (Tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
Drug-carrier interactions and antifungal therapy: a study on the encapsulation of ciclopirox
Authorship
M.B.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.B.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
This study focuses on the interaction between two types of lipids, DPPC and cholesterol, and a gemini surfactant that forms part of the structure of colloidal systems for drug delivery. The drug in question is ciclopirox olamine, which is used for the topical treatment of fungal nail infections. The aim of the study is to identify new formulations of this drug that will improve its efficacy and reduce adverse effects. Studies of the lipids, their interactions amongst themselves, and their interactions with the surfactant and the drug are carried out by preparing Langmuir monolayers one molecule thick that form at air/water interfaces in the presence of water-insoluble surfactants. These monolayers can be compressed laterally, giving rise to surface pressure-A isotherms that help us characterise the behaviour of the lipids used and the drug’s interaction with them. The results indicated that the lipids are capable of forming monolayers, both individually and in mixtures, and that ciclopirox interacts with the monolayer formed by all the lipids, which opens up the possibility of using these systems in commercial formulations.
This study focuses on the interaction between two types of lipids, DPPC and cholesterol, and a gemini surfactant that forms part of the structure of colloidal systems for drug delivery. The drug in question is ciclopirox olamine, which is used for the topical treatment of fungal nail infections. The aim of the study is to identify new formulations of this drug that will improve its efficacy and reduce adverse effects. Studies of the lipids, their interactions amongst themselves, and their interactions with the surfactant and the drug are carried out by preparing Langmuir monolayers one molecule thick that form at air/water interfaces in the presence of water-insoluble surfactants. These monolayers can be compressed laterally, giving rise to surface pressure-A isotherms that help us characterise the behaviour of the lipids used and the drug’s interaction with them. The results indicated that the lipids are capable of forming monolayers, both individually and in mixtures, and that ciclopirox interacts with the monolayer formed by all the lipids, which opens up the possibility of using these systems in commercial formulations.
Direction
PARAJO MONTES, MARIA MERCEDES (Tutorships)
PARAJO MONTES, MARIA MERCEDES (Tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Lipid-lipid and lipid-copolymer interactions in nanostructured lipid drug delivery systems
Authorship
M.B.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.B.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Macular degeneration associated with age is one of the main causes of vision loss in the older population, leading to intravitreal administration of anti-anxiety drugs or the treatment of choice in its neovascular form. Therefore, the need for repeated injections limits therapeutic adherence and increase the risk of ocular complications. Nanoestructured lipid carriers (NLC) represented a promising alternative to prolonged drug release from the posterior segment of the eye. The objective of this work is to study the interfacial interactions between the components of the NLC system formed by Pluronic F127, monostearin and Compritol 888 ATO, as well as to evaluate its behavior towards the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab. For this, Langmuir monolayers were made at the air/water interface, recording these in the form of pi-A compression isotherms and pi-t penetration kinetics. The selection of the delivery system is decisive, being a particularly relevant aspect in the pharmacokinetics of two antibodies administered intravitreally. This context, or the study of the interactions between Pluronic F127 and the lipid components, allows us to understand how the monolayer organization is modified by the incorporation of the copolymer and the properties of the system that could be affected by the transport and subsequent release of bevacizumab.
Macular degeneration associated with age is one of the main causes of vision loss in the older population, leading to intravitreal administration of anti-anxiety drugs or the treatment of choice in its neovascular form. Therefore, the need for repeated injections limits therapeutic adherence and increase the risk of ocular complications. Nanoestructured lipid carriers (NLC) represented a promising alternative to prolonged drug release from the posterior segment of the eye. The objective of this work is to study the interfacial interactions between the components of the NLC system formed by Pluronic F127, monostearin and Compritol 888 ATO, as well as to evaluate its behavior towards the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab. For this, Langmuir monolayers were made at the air/water interface, recording these in the form of pi-A compression isotherms and pi-t penetration kinetics. The selection of the delivery system is decisive, being a particularly relevant aspect in the pharmacokinetics of two antibodies administered intravitreally. This context, or the study of the interactions between Pluronic F127 and the lipid components, allows us to understand how the monolayer organization is modified by the incorporation of the copolymer and the properties of the system that could be affected by the transport and subsequent release of bevacizumab.
Direction
CASAS PARADA, MATILDE (Tutorships)
CASAS PARADA, MATILDE (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Current and emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease
Authorship
L.B.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.B.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia and one of the greatest current socioeconomic and healthcare challenges, due to its high prevalence and the lack of curative treatments. Closely linked to ageing, it is characterised by progressive cognitive decline that initially affects memory and progresses to the impairment of other cognitive functions, compromising the patient’s independence. Its pathophysiology, which is complex and multifactorial, is characterised by the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, alongside processes such as neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction and genetic factors that contribute to its progression. Understanding these mechanisms has driven a transformation in diagnosis, moving from clinical criteria towards a biological approach based on cerebrospinal fluid, blood and imaging biomarkers, that enable detection of the disease during preclinical stages, thereby facilitating an earlier and more accurate diagnosis. At the same time, treatment has evolved from an exclusively symptomatic approach, based on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, to incorporate disease-modifying therapies targeting specific pathophysiological mechanisms. Among these, monoclonal antibodies targeting beta-amyloid represent the first approved drugs capable of partially modifying disease progression. Furthermore, new therapeutic strategies targeting tau and neuroinflammation continue to be developed, alongside new approaches such as gene therapy and cell therapy, consolidating a paradigm shift towards precision medicine. In this context, this dissertation reviews the evolution of diagnostic strategies, current therapeutic approaches and emerging therapeutic strategies.
Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia and one of the greatest current socioeconomic and healthcare challenges, due to its high prevalence and the lack of curative treatments. Closely linked to ageing, it is characterised by progressive cognitive decline that initially affects memory and progresses to the impairment of other cognitive functions, compromising the patient’s independence. Its pathophysiology, which is complex and multifactorial, is characterised by the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, alongside processes such as neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction and genetic factors that contribute to its progression. Understanding these mechanisms has driven a transformation in diagnosis, moving from clinical criteria towards a biological approach based on cerebrospinal fluid, blood and imaging biomarkers, that enable detection of the disease during preclinical stages, thereby facilitating an earlier and more accurate diagnosis. At the same time, treatment has evolved from an exclusively symptomatic approach, based on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, to incorporate disease-modifying therapies targeting specific pathophysiological mechanisms. Among these, monoclonal antibodies targeting beta-amyloid represent the first approved drugs capable of partially modifying disease progression. Furthermore, new therapeutic strategies targeting tau and neuroinflammation continue to be developed, alongside new approaches such as gene therapy and cell therapy, consolidating a paradigm shift towards precision medicine. In this context, this dissertation reviews the evolution of diagnostic strategies, current therapeutic approaches and emerging therapeutic strategies.
Direction
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Tutorships)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Relationship between diet and the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs
Authorship
C.C.V.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.C.V.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
The relationship between diet and the efficacy of antidepressants has gained interest due to the high variability in the therapeutic response to depression. This disorder presents a complex pathophysiology involving neurochemical, inflammatory, and metabolic mechanisms, which are susceptible to modulation by nutritional factors. Although there are no clinical trials specifically designed to evaluate this relationship, several studies suggest an indirect influence of diet on the response to treatments. From a pharmacological perspective, interactions between diet and antidepressants vary depending on the therapeutic group monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) show a clear interaction with foods rich in tyramine, with a risk of hypertensive crisis, while other groups such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) predominantly involve pharmacokinetic mechanisms related to the CYP450 enzyme system, which can be modified by certain foods or habits such as alcohol consumption. Certain nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D, have shown potential beneficial effects as adjuncts in the treatment of depression, by influencing neurotransmission, inflammation, and neuroplasticity. Similarly, diet may act as a modulating factor in the efficacy of antidepressants. Currently, further research is needed on these relationships, as the evidence is heterogeneous, limited, and inconclusive.
The relationship between diet and the efficacy of antidepressants has gained interest due to the high variability in the therapeutic response to depression. This disorder presents a complex pathophysiology involving neurochemical, inflammatory, and metabolic mechanisms, which are susceptible to modulation by nutritional factors. Although there are no clinical trials specifically designed to evaluate this relationship, several studies suggest an indirect influence of diet on the response to treatments. From a pharmacological perspective, interactions between diet and antidepressants vary depending on the therapeutic group monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) show a clear interaction with foods rich in tyramine, with a risk of hypertensive crisis, while other groups such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) predominantly involve pharmacokinetic mechanisms related to the CYP450 enzyme system, which can be modified by certain foods or habits such as alcohol consumption. Certain nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D, have shown potential beneficial effects as adjuncts in the treatment of depression, by influencing neurotransmission, inflammation, and neuroplasticity. Similarly, diet may act as a modulating factor in the efficacy of antidepressants. Currently, further research is needed on these relationships, as the evidence is heterogeneous, limited, and inconclusive.
Direction
GONZALEZ JARTIN, JESUS MARIA (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ JARTIN, JESUS MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
GHB: Pharmacology, toxicology, and its dual role in clinical practice and forensic contexts
Authorship
J.C.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
J.C.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Gamma-hidroxybutyrate (GHB) is a compound that has been used in clinical practice for several decades, particularly in contexts such as anaesthesia and the treatment of conditions including narcolepsy. However, its therapeutic applications have been progressively overshadowed by its emergence as a drug of abuse in the late 1990s, particularly within recreational settings, due to its euphorical effects at low doses. Subsequently, GHB has gained significant relevance in the healthcare, toxicological and forensic domains owing to its involvement in drug-facilitated chemical submission and drug-facilitated sexual assault cases. In these contexts, its sedative and amnestic properties, together with the inherent challenges associated with its timely detection are of critical forensic significance. This work reviews the principal pharmacological characteristics of GHB, as well as its clinical, toxicological, and forensic implications across therapeutic recreational, and criminal contexts.
Gamma-hidroxybutyrate (GHB) is a compound that has been used in clinical practice for several decades, particularly in contexts such as anaesthesia and the treatment of conditions including narcolepsy. However, its therapeutic applications have been progressively overshadowed by its emergence as a drug of abuse in the late 1990s, particularly within recreational settings, due to its euphorical effects at low doses. Subsequently, GHB has gained significant relevance in the healthcare, toxicological and forensic domains owing to its involvement in drug-facilitated chemical submission and drug-facilitated sexual assault cases. In these contexts, its sedative and amnestic properties, together with the inherent challenges associated with its timely detection are of critical forensic significance. This work reviews the principal pharmacological characteristics of GHB, as well as its clinical, toxicological, and forensic implications across therapeutic recreational, and criminal contexts.
Direction
GONZALEZ JARTIN, JESUS MARIA (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ JARTIN, JESUS MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Synthesis of selective inhibitors of HDAC6 in the treatment of cancer.
Authorship
A.C.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.C.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and conventional therapies present important limitations related to poor selectivity, the emergence of resistance, and associated toxicity. In this context, epigenetic modulation represents an attractive strategy for the development of new antitumor therapies. Among histone deacetylases, HDAC6 stands out as a particularly promising target due to its predominantly cytoplasmic localization and its ability to regulate non-histone substrates involved in tumor progression, such as alpha-tubulin, cortactin, and HSP90. The aim of this project was to design, synthesize, and evaluate new potentially selective HDAC6 inhibitors by introducing structural variations mainly in the CAP region of the pharmacophore. To this end, a collection of nine hydroxamic acid derivatives was prepared using a synthetic strategy based on isocyanide synthesis, the Ugi multicomponent reaction, and final conversion into hydroxamates. The compounds were characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry. Preliminary evaluation of three representative derivatives against HDAC6 revealed activity in the high nanomolar range.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and conventional therapies present important limitations related to poor selectivity, the emergence of resistance, and associated toxicity. In this context, epigenetic modulation represents an attractive strategy for the development of new antitumor therapies. Among histone deacetylases, HDAC6 stands out as a particularly promising target due to its predominantly cytoplasmic localization and its ability to regulate non-histone substrates involved in tumor progression, such as alpha-tubulin, cortactin, and HSP90. The aim of this project was to design, synthesize, and evaluate new potentially selective HDAC6 inhibitors by introducing structural variations mainly in the CAP region of the pharmacophore. To this end, a collection of nine hydroxamic acid derivatives was prepared using a synthetic strategy based on isocyanide synthesis, the Ugi multicomponent reaction, and final conversion into hydroxamates. The compounds were characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry. Preliminary evaluation of three representative derivatives against HDAC6 revealed activity in the high nanomolar range.
Direction
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Treatment of substance use disorder with Ketamine and Psilocybin integrated into a psychotherapeutic
Authorship
P.C.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
P.C.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
In the last decades, the treatment of substance use disorders (SUD) has been challenged by high relapse rates and the limited efficacy of conventional pharmacological therapies, raising the need to explore new psychopharmacological paradigms. This paper aims to synthesize current clinical evidence on the potential therapeutic use of psilocybin and ketamine in the treatment of SUD, assessing potential adverse effects and their safety profiles. Through the analysis of the main clinical trials and available studies, we evaluate how combining these substances with psychotherapeutic intervention protocols can achieve statistically significant reductions in craving and sustained increases in abstinence rates.
In the last decades, the treatment of substance use disorders (SUD) has been challenged by high relapse rates and the limited efficacy of conventional pharmacological therapies, raising the need to explore new psychopharmacological paradigms. This paper aims to synthesize current clinical evidence on the potential therapeutic use of psilocybin and ketamine in the treatment of SUD, assessing potential adverse effects and their safety profiles. Through the analysis of the main clinical trials and available studies, we evaluate how combining these substances with psychotherapeutic intervention protocols can achieve statistically significant reductions in craving and sustained increases in abstinence rates.
Direction
DE CASTRO RIOS, ANA (Tutorships)
DE CASTRO RIOS, ANA (Tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Vitamin D and athletic performance: a review of current evidence.
Authorship
I.C.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
I.C.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Vitamin D is involved in processes such as bone homeostasis and skeletal muscle function. For this reason, its relationship with athletic performance has generated increasing interest among researchers. The objective of this literature review was to analyze the available evidence regarding the relationship between vitamin D status and physical performance, injury risk, and recovery after exercise. To this end, a search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science, selecting studies published in the last ten years and conducted in athletic or physically active populations. The results show that vitamin D supplementation consistently increases serum 25hydroxyvitamin D levels. However, its effect on muscle strength is inconsistent. In endurance sports, some studies suggest possible benefits in certain contexts. On the other hand, the overall evidence is heterogeneous and does not allow for the establishment of a clear ergogenic effect. Regarding injuries, the strongest link is observed with stress fractures. In other musculoskeletal injuries, the results are variable. Regarding muscle damage and inflammation, vitamin D may mitigate certain responses; however, the data is inconsistent. In conclusion, the relevance of vitamin D seems to lie more in its role as a health factor and in preventing deficiency than as a sports supplement.
Vitamin D is involved in processes such as bone homeostasis and skeletal muscle function. For this reason, its relationship with athletic performance has generated increasing interest among researchers. The objective of this literature review was to analyze the available evidence regarding the relationship between vitamin D status and physical performance, injury risk, and recovery after exercise. To this end, a search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science, selecting studies published in the last ten years and conducted in athletic or physically active populations. The results show that vitamin D supplementation consistently increases serum 25hydroxyvitamin D levels. However, its effect on muscle strength is inconsistent. In endurance sports, some studies suggest possible benefits in certain contexts. On the other hand, the overall evidence is heterogeneous and does not allow for the establishment of a clear ergogenic effect. Regarding injuries, the strongest link is observed with stress fractures. In other musculoskeletal injuries, the results are variable. Regarding muscle damage and inflammation, vitamin D may mitigate certain responses; however, the data is inconsistent. In conclusion, the relevance of vitamin D seems to lie more in its role as a health factor and in preventing deficiency than as a sports supplement.
Direction
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
Optimization of benzodiazepine use: review of the evidence and proposed pharmacotherapeutic intervention
Authorship
S.C.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.C.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Benzodiazepines are among the most widely used medications in Spain for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. However, despite clinical guidelines recommending their use only for short periods, numerous studies have reported a high prevalence of long-term treatment, particularly among women and older adults. This situation is associated with significant risks, including dependence, withdrawal syndrome, cognitive impairment, and an increased risk of falls, making inappropriate use an important public health concern. The aim of this study is analyse benzodiazepine consumption in Spain, review pharmacotherapeutic interventions developed to reduce inappropriate use, and design an intervention adapted to the Galician Public Health System. To achieve this, the available evidence on consumption patterns and interventions implemented in community pharmacies and multidisciplinary healthcare settings was reviewed. The findings revealed a high level of benzodiazepine use and a tendency towards treatment chronification. Educational interventions, pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, tapering strategies, and coordination among healthcare professionals showed favourable results in reducing inappropriate use. Based on these findings, a multidisciplinary intervention involving primary care physicians and community pharmacists was designed. A pilot study in the province of Lugo was also proposed to assess its feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact. In conclusion, collaboration between different healthcare levels may contribute to optimising benzodiazepine use and promoting safe and effective deprescribing processes.
Benzodiazepines are among the most widely used medications in Spain for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. However, despite clinical guidelines recommending their use only for short periods, numerous studies have reported a high prevalence of long-term treatment, particularly among women and older adults. This situation is associated with significant risks, including dependence, withdrawal syndrome, cognitive impairment, and an increased risk of falls, making inappropriate use an important public health concern. The aim of this study is analyse benzodiazepine consumption in Spain, review pharmacotherapeutic interventions developed to reduce inappropriate use, and design an intervention adapted to the Galician Public Health System. To achieve this, the available evidence on consumption patterns and interventions implemented in community pharmacies and multidisciplinary healthcare settings was reviewed. The findings revealed a high level of benzodiazepine use and a tendency towards treatment chronification. Educational interventions, pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, tapering strategies, and coordination among healthcare professionals showed favourable results in reducing inappropriate use. Based on these findings, a multidisciplinary intervention involving primary care physicians and community pharmacists was designed. A pilot study in the province of Lugo was also proposed to assess its feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact. In conclusion, collaboration between different healthcare levels may contribute to optimising benzodiazepine use and promoting safe and effective deprescribing processes.
Direction
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Therapeutic Options in Parkinson’s Disease: Pharmacological Treatment
Authorship
A.M.C.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.M.C.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the accumulation of Lewy bodies. Although levodopa remains the go-to treatment for the control of motor symptoms, its long-term use is associated with complications such as motor fluctuations and dyskinesias, driving the search for complementary therapeutic strategies. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the main levodopa pharmacological alternatives used in Parkinson’s disease treatment, analyzing their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and therapeutic limitations. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles were filtered for analysis. The results showed that non-ergot dopamine agonists represent an effective alternative for the management of motor symptoms and certain non-motor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease, although their use is limited by adverse effects such as excessive daytime sleepiness, impulse control disorders, and neuropsychiatric disturbances. Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors were found to enhance dopaminergic neurotransmission and improve symptom control. Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors are used as adjunctive therapy in combination with levodopa, improving the levodopa pharmacokinetics and prolonging its therapeutic effect. Finally, amantadine remains the treatment of choice for the management of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. In conclusion, these therapeutic strategies do not replace levodopa, but they contribute to a more individualized treatment approaches, besides improving the quality of life of patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the accumulation of Lewy bodies. Although levodopa remains the go-to treatment for the control of motor symptoms, its long-term use is associated with complications such as motor fluctuations and dyskinesias, driving the search for complementary therapeutic strategies. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the main levodopa pharmacological alternatives used in Parkinson’s disease treatment, analyzing their mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and therapeutic limitations. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 articles were filtered for analysis. The results showed that non-ergot dopamine agonists represent an effective alternative for the management of motor symptoms and certain non-motor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease, although their use is limited by adverse effects such as excessive daytime sleepiness, impulse control disorders, and neuropsychiatric disturbances. Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors were found to enhance dopaminergic neurotransmission and improve symptom control. Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors are used as adjunctive therapy in combination with levodopa, improving the levodopa pharmacokinetics and prolonging its therapeutic effect. Finally, amantadine remains the treatment of choice for the management of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. In conclusion, these therapeutic strategies do not replace levodopa, but they contribute to a more individualized treatment approaches, besides improving the quality of life of patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Direction
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Tutorships)
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
Direct Stereolithographic Fabrication of Pd/Cu Monolithic Heterogeneous Catalysts for Sonogashira Reactions
Authorship
S.C.V.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.C.V.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Additive manufacturing is emerging as a powerful strategy for the fabrication of structured heterogeneous catalysts with controlled macroscopic architectures. In this work, Pd and Cu-containing ceramic monoliths were directly fabricated by stereolithographic printing using commercially available equipment and precursor formulations incorporating the catalytic metals within the printable matrix. Subsequent thermal treatment produced mechanically stable monoliths with embedded Pd/Cu species. The resulting materials acted as structured heterogeneous catalysts, enabling efficient cross-coupling transformations under heterogeneous conditions. Notably, catalytic activity was found to depend strongly on surface accessibility of the metallic species. Structural and surface characterization (SEM, EDS, XPS and XRD) was employed to elucidate the relationship between thermal processing, surface composition, and catalytic reactivity. The results highlighted the potential of stereolithographic printing as a simple and versatile approach for the direct fabrication of metal-containing ceramic monolithic catalysts and demonstrated how post-synthetic surface activation can modulate their catalytic performance.
Additive manufacturing is emerging as a powerful strategy for the fabrication of structured heterogeneous catalysts with controlled macroscopic architectures. In this work, Pd and Cu-containing ceramic monoliths were directly fabricated by stereolithographic printing using commercially available equipment and precursor formulations incorporating the catalytic metals within the printable matrix. Subsequent thermal treatment produced mechanically stable monoliths with embedded Pd/Cu species. The resulting materials acted as structured heterogeneous catalysts, enabling efficient cross-coupling transformations under heterogeneous conditions. Notably, catalytic activity was found to depend strongly on surface accessibility of the metallic species. Structural and surface characterization (SEM, EDS, XPS and XRD) was employed to elucidate the relationship between thermal processing, surface composition, and catalytic reactivity. The results highlighted the potential of stereolithographic printing as a simple and versatile approach for the direct fabrication of metal-containing ceramic monolithic catalysts and demonstrated how post-synthetic surface activation can modulate their catalytic performance.
Direction
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Court
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
M.D.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.D.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Synthetic cathinones, classified within the group of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), are stimulant compounds designed to mimic the effects of traditional drugs such as amphetamine or MDMA. Their constant structural evolution poses a challenge for authorities, as identification through analytical methods can become difficult. This work reviews current strategies for the determination of cathinones in oral fluid, a matrix that stands out due to its non invasive collection and its ability to contain the unaltered, unmetabolized drug, thus facilitating correlation with plasma levels. Based on the selection of 22 scientific articles from the Scopus database, sample preparation and analytical procedures were examined. The results indicate that liquid/liquid extraction (LLE) is the most common sample preparation method, followed by solid phase extraction (SPE) and dilute and shoot. Regarding determination, chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS and GC/MS/MS) is consolidated as the reference standard due to its high sensitivity and selectivity. The most frequently encountered substances are mephedrone , butylone, and MDPV. In conclusion, although the variety of available methods continues to grow, there remains a need to develop internal standards and simplify workflows to facilitate real world application in roadside drug testing.
Synthetic cathinones, classified within the group of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), are stimulant compounds designed to mimic the effects of traditional drugs such as amphetamine or MDMA. Their constant structural evolution poses a challenge for authorities, as identification through analytical methods can become difficult. This work reviews current strategies for the determination of cathinones in oral fluid, a matrix that stands out due to its non invasive collection and its ability to contain the unaltered, unmetabolized drug, thus facilitating correlation with plasma levels. Based on the selection of 22 scientific articles from the Scopus database, sample preparation and analytical procedures were examined. The results indicate that liquid/liquid extraction (LLE) is the most common sample preparation method, followed by solid phase extraction (SPE) and dilute and shoot. Regarding determination, chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS and GC/MS/MS) is consolidated as the reference standard due to its high sensitivity and selectivity. The most frequently encountered substances are mephedrone , butylone, and MDPV. In conclusion, although the variety of available methods continues to grow, there remains a need to develop internal standards and simplify workflows to facilitate real world application in roadside drug testing.
Direction
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Tutorships)
MONTES GOYANES, ROSA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Hepatitis prevention or treatment? Different strategies for different viruses
Authorship
M.D.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.D.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Viral hepatitis represents a significant public health issue due to associated complications and the varying strategies available for prevention and treatment. Prevention is the primary strategy for hepatitis A, D, and E. For hepatitis A, vaccination and hygiene measures have significantly reduced the disease's incidence. Prevention of hepatitis D relies on vaccination against the hepatitis B virus, as the latter is required for hepatitis D replication; meanwhile, sanitation and food safety measures are the main control methods for hepatitis E. Hepatitis B management combines preventive and therapeutic strategies: vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent infection, while antiviral treatments allow for the control of chronic disease, even though they do not completely eliminate the virus. Regarding hepatitis C, the development of direct-acting antivirals has enabled cure rates exceeding 95 por ciento, making treatment the primary strategy for addressing this infection. In conclusion, the chosen strategy for viral hepatitis depends on the biological characteristics of each virus. While prevention remains the most effective tool for the majority of these infections, antiviral treatment has transformed the approach to hepatitis C in particular, and, to a lesser extent, the approach to hepatitis B and D.
Viral hepatitis represents a significant public health issue due to associated complications and the varying strategies available for prevention and treatment. Prevention is the primary strategy for hepatitis A, D, and E. For hepatitis A, vaccination and hygiene measures have significantly reduced the disease's incidence. Prevention of hepatitis D relies on vaccination against the hepatitis B virus, as the latter is required for hepatitis D replication; meanwhile, sanitation and food safety measures are the main control methods for hepatitis E. Hepatitis B management combines preventive and therapeutic strategies: vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent infection, while antiviral treatments allow for the control of chronic disease, even though they do not completely eliminate the virus. Regarding hepatitis C, the development of direct-acting antivirals has enabled cure rates exceeding 95 por ciento, making treatment the primary strategy for addressing this infection. In conclusion, the chosen strategy for viral hepatitis depends on the biological characteristics of each virus. While prevention remains the most effective tool for the majority of these infections, antiviral treatment has transformed the approach to hepatitis C in particular, and, to a lesser extent, the approach to hepatitis B and D.
Direction
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
BANDIN MATOS, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Development of new therapies for acne treatment
Authorship
M.D.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.D.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Acne (Acne vulgaris), a chronic cutaneous pathology with a high global prevalence, is characterized by the obstruction of pilosebaceous follicles, which lead to inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions. The resulting pathogenesis is multifactorial and may involve Cutibacterium acnes colonization, androgen-driven sebum hypersecretion, genetic predisposition, dietary factors, and alterations in the skin microbiome. The lesions are classified according to their nature and severity to determine the most appropriate therapeutic approach for each patient. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of available acne treatments, ranging from conventional options to emerging therapies; it was prepared by consulting Spanish and American clinical guidelines as well as scientific databases such as PubMed. For topical treatment, retinoids (tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene, and trifarotene) are the cornerstone for mild-to-moderate cases. Their efficacy is enhanced when combined with benzoyl peroxide and topical antibiotics, and, as such, represent a key strategy to combat the resistance of Cutibacterium acnes. Among systemic treatments, tetracyclines address moderate-to-severe stages, while hormonal therapies (combined oral contraceptives, spironolactone, and clascoterone) are particularly useful in the female population. Oral isotretinoin is the definitive treatment of choice for severe forms, with new galenic formulations that improve its bioavailability. Finally, emerging therapies such as chemical peels, phototherapy, microneedling, and probiotics are becoming established as effective adjuvants for both active lesions and their dermo-aesthetic sequelae, in contrast to biologic medications, which are not currently approved for this type of treatment.
Acne (Acne vulgaris), a chronic cutaneous pathology with a high global prevalence, is characterized by the obstruction of pilosebaceous follicles, which lead to inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions. The resulting pathogenesis is multifactorial and may involve Cutibacterium acnes colonization, androgen-driven sebum hypersecretion, genetic predisposition, dietary factors, and alterations in the skin microbiome. The lesions are classified according to their nature and severity to determine the most appropriate therapeutic approach for each patient. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of available acne treatments, ranging from conventional options to emerging therapies; it was prepared by consulting Spanish and American clinical guidelines as well as scientific databases such as PubMed. For topical treatment, retinoids (tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene, and trifarotene) are the cornerstone for mild-to-moderate cases. Their efficacy is enhanced when combined with benzoyl peroxide and topical antibiotics, and, as such, represent a key strategy to combat the resistance of Cutibacterium acnes. Among systemic treatments, tetracyclines address moderate-to-severe stages, while hormonal therapies (combined oral contraceptives, spironolactone, and clascoterone) are particularly useful in the female population. Oral isotretinoin is the definitive treatment of choice for severe forms, with new galenic formulations that improve its bioavailability. Finally, emerging therapies such as chemical peels, phototherapy, microneedling, and probiotics are becoming established as effective adjuvants for both active lesions and their dermo-aesthetic sequelae, in contrast to biologic medications, which are not currently approved for this type of treatment.
Direction
Díaz Tomé, Victoria (Tutorships)
Díaz Tomé, Victoria (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Atopic dermatitis and its therapeutic management
Authorship
I.E.I.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
I.E.I.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, non-contagious, and recurrent inflammatory disease that causes flare-ups and remission periods. It is mainly characterized by intense itching, skin dryness, and assorted eczematous lesions. It usually begins in childhood, but can appear at any age and its etiology is multifactorial and complex, including genetic predisposition, alterations in the skin barrier, environmental factors, altered immune response, and microbial dysbiosis as triggering factors. This explains the heterogeneous clinical manifestations of the disease and the appearance of different comorbidities. In the diagnostic part, this is mainly clinical, with great importance of the anamnesis, the physical examination, and the information provided by the patient, there are also scales that evaluate the severity of the disease. Treatment combines general measures such as skin care through the use of emollients, patient and family education, and the avoidance of triggering factors, with topical anti-inflammatory treatments and, for cases of moderate or severe atopic dermatitis, phototherapy and systemic therapies. All this, with the aim of improve symptoms, reduce flare-ups, and improve the patient’s quality of life. In recent years, more specific therapies have been developed, such as JAK inhibitors and biologics, that allow for more personalized control of the disease. In addition, new therapies and ways to deal with atopic dermatitis continue to be researched.
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, non-contagious, and recurrent inflammatory disease that causes flare-ups and remission periods. It is mainly characterized by intense itching, skin dryness, and assorted eczematous lesions. It usually begins in childhood, but can appear at any age and its etiology is multifactorial and complex, including genetic predisposition, alterations in the skin barrier, environmental factors, altered immune response, and microbial dysbiosis as triggering factors. This explains the heterogeneous clinical manifestations of the disease and the appearance of different comorbidities. In the diagnostic part, this is mainly clinical, with great importance of the anamnesis, the physical examination, and the information provided by the patient, there are also scales that evaluate the severity of the disease. Treatment combines general measures such as skin care through the use of emollients, patient and family education, and the avoidance of triggering factors, with topical anti-inflammatory treatments and, for cases of moderate or severe atopic dermatitis, phototherapy and systemic therapies. All this, with the aim of improve symptoms, reduce flare-ups, and improve the patient’s quality of life. In recent years, more specific therapies have been developed, such as JAK inhibitors and biologics, that allow for more personalized control of the disease. In addition, new therapies and ways to deal with atopic dermatitis continue to be researched.
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Evaluation of biomedical Engineering techniques to replicate the estructural characteristics of pancreas cancer in 3D models of pathologies
Authorship
A.F.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.F.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies due to its poor prognosis, late diagnosis and limited response to conventional therapies. In this context, the development of preclinical models capable of accurately reproducing the tumor-associated microenvironment (TME) is essential to improve the understanding of tumor biology and promote the development of new therapeutic strategies. Traditionally, pancreatic cancer research has relied on two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models. However, these systems present important limitations in reproducing the structural, cellular and functional complexity of the tumor in vivo. For this reason, more advanced three-dimensional models have emerged in recent years, including organoids, 3D array-based systems, bioprinting technologies and microfluidic platforms known as tumor-on-a-chip. This study analyzes the main characteristics, applications, advantages and limitations of the different experimental models currently used in PDAC research. Furthermore, their ability to reproduce the tumor microenvironment is evaluated, including aspects such as tumor-stroma interaction, cellular heterogeneity, therapeutic resistance and dynamic conditions of the tumor environment. Among the analyzed systems, microfluidic platforms stand out as one of the most promising approaches due to their capacity to integrate multiple cell types and recreate physiological conditions closer to those observed in vivo. Overall, advances in three-dimensional PDAC modeling represent a key tool for improving preclinical research, optimizing the development of new therapies and promoting progress toward personalized medicine strategies.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies due to its poor prognosis, late diagnosis and limited response to conventional therapies. In this context, the development of preclinical models capable of accurately reproducing the tumor-associated microenvironment (TME) is essential to improve the understanding of tumor biology and promote the development of new therapeutic strategies. Traditionally, pancreatic cancer research has relied on two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models. However, these systems present important limitations in reproducing the structural, cellular and functional complexity of the tumor in vivo. For this reason, more advanced three-dimensional models have emerged in recent years, including organoids, 3D array-based systems, bioprinting technologies and microfluidic platforms known as tumor-on-a-chip. This study analyzes the main characteristics, applications, advantages and limitations of the different experimental models currently used in PDAC research. Furthermore, their ability to reproduce the tumor microenvironment is evaluated, including aspects such as tumor-stroma interaction, cellular heterogeneity, therapeutic resistance and dynamic conditions of the tumor environment. Among the analyzed systems, microfluidic platforms stand out as one of the most promising approaches due to their capacity to integrate multiple cell types and recreate physiological conditions closer to those observed in vivo. Overall, advances in three-dimensional PDAC modeling represent a key tool for improving preclinical research, optimizing the development of new therapies and promoting progress toward personalized medicine strategies.
Direction
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, BARBARA (Tutorships)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, BARBARA (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Impact of probiotics on the modulation of the immune system
Authorship
C.F.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.F.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
In recent years, interest in the human microbiome and its role in health and disease has grown significantly. The human body is now understood as a complex ecosystem in which multiple microbial communities coexist, with the intestinal microbiome standing out due to its high density, diversity, and physiological relevance. This microbial community contributes to digestive and metabolic processes, the synthesis of bioactive compounds, and protection against pathogens, while also playing a central role in immune regulation. Disruptions in its composition and function have been associated with immune dysregulation linked to inflammatory diseases, allergies, autoimmune disorders, and increased susceptibility to infections. In this context, probiotics have gained considerable attention as promising tools for modulating the interactions between the gut microbiota, the intestinal barrier, and the immune system. Various probiotic strains have demonstrated beneficial effects by strengthening epithelial barrier integrity, competing with pathogenic microorganisms, producing metabolites with immunoregulatory properties, and modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, these effects are strain-specific and vary according to the administered dose, duration of intervention, and characteristics of the target population. This variability limits the generalization of findings and highlights the need for personalized approaches. This review provides a critical and up-to-date overview of the recent scientific evidence to identify the conditions under which probiotics may positively influence immune function and contribute to maintaining health or supporting the treatment of disorders associated with immune dysregulation.
In recent years, interest in the human microbiome and its role in health and disease has grown significantly. The human body is now understood as a complex ecosystem in which multiple microbial communities coexist, with the intestinal microbiome standing out due to its high density, diversity, and physiological relevance. This microbial community contributes to digestive and metabolic processes, the synthesis of bioactive compounds, and protection against pathogens, while also playing a central role in immune regulation. Disruptions in its composition and function have been associated with immune dysregulation linked to inflammatory diseases, allergies, autoimmune disorders, and increased susceptibility to infections. In this context, probiotics have gained considerable attention as promising tools for modulating the interactions between the gut microbiota, the intestinal barrier, and the immune system. Various probiotic strains have demonstrated beneficial effects by strengthening epithelial barrier integrity, competing with pathogenic microorganisms, producing metabolites with immunoregulatory properties, and modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, these effects are strain-specific and vary according to the administered dose, duration of intervention, and characteristics of the target population. This variability limits the generalization of findings and highlights the need for personalized approaches. This review provides a critical and up-to-date overview of the recent scientific evidence to identify the conditions under which probiotics may positively influence immune function and contribute to maintaining health or supporting the treatment of disorders associated with immune dysregulation.
Direction
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Tutorships)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Direct-Acting Antivirals: A Revolution in the Treatment and Cure of Hepatits C
Authorship
L.F.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.F.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Hepatitis C remains a major global public health concern due to its high tendency to become chronic and its association with severe complications, including liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and the need for liver transplantation. For decades, the treatment of this disease was based on the combination of interferon and ribavirin, therapies characterized by limited efficacy, genotype-dependent response rates, and numerous adverse effects that negatively affected patient adherence. Advances in the understanding of the molecular biology of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) enabled the identification of several proteins essential for viral replication, leading to the development of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). These agents specifically target the NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B proteins, thereby disrupting the viral replication cycle. Their introduction represented a paradigm shift in hepatitis C treatment, achieving sustained virological response rates above 90%, with improved tolerability, shorter treatment durations, and orally administered pangenotypic regimens. This work reviews the main biological aspects of HCV, the historical evolution of therapeutic strategies, and the clinical impact of direct-acting antivirals, highlighting their fundamental role in transforming hepatitis C into a potentially curable disease and in advancing the elimination goals established by the World Health Organization.
Hepatitis C remains a major global public health concern due to its high tendency to become chronic and its association with severe complications, including liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and the need for liver transplantation. For decades, the treatment of this disease was based on the combination of interferon and ribavirin, therapies characterized by limited efficacy, genotype-dependent response rates, and numerous adverse effects that negatively affected patient adherence. Advances in the understanding of the molecular biology of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) enabled the identification of several proteins essential for viral replication, leading to the development of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). These agents specifically target the NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B proteins, thereby disrupting the viral replication cycle. Their introduction represented a paradigm shift in hepatitis C treatment, achieving sustained virological response rates above 90%, with improved tolerability, shorter treatment durations, and orally administered pangenotypic regimens. This work reviews the main biological aspects of HCV, the historical evolution of therapeutic strategies, and the clinical impact of direct-acting antivirals, highlighting their fundamental role in transforming hepatitis C into a potentially curable disease and in advancing the elimination goals established by the World Health Organization.
Direction
GARCIA MERA, XERARDO XUSTO (Tutorships)
GARCIA MERA, XERARDO XUSTO (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
Pharmacogenomics and individualized toxicity
Authorship
P.F.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
P.F.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Interindividual genetic variability has a substantial influence on the occurrence of adverse drug reactions, a problem of major clinical and public health relevance. Pharmacogenomics studies how the genome conditions this variability and makes it possible to anticipate the risk of toxicity before treatment. The aim of this work is to provide a panoramic overview of the pharmacogenomics of individualized toxicity, from its genetic foundations to its clinical application. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, through searches in PubMed and Web of Science of works published between 2019 and 2026, which included a total of 94 studies. The results confirm the existence of solidly established gene-drug pairs, such as warfarin and CYP2C9, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and CYP2D6/CYP2C19, fluoropyrimidines and DPYD, thiopurines and TPMT/NUDT15, statins and SLCO1B1, or the HLA-mediated (human leukocyte antigen) hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir and aromatic antiseizure drugs, together with other associations with a lower degree of consolidation. In the best-established pairs, genotype-guided prescription effectively reduces adverse drug reactions without compromising therapeutic efficacy. However, its clinical implementation advances unevenly, conditioned by barriers of a structural, economic and organizational nature rather than scientific. It is concluded that the pharmacogenomics of toxicity shows an already demonstrated benefit in specific areas, whose consolidation and equitable extension will determine its capacity to achieve a safer and more individualized pharmacotherapy.
Interindividual genetic variability has a substantial influence on the occurrence of adverse drug reactions, a problem of major clinical and public health relevance. Pharmacogenomics studies how the genome conditions this variability and makes it possible to anticipate the risk of toxicity before treatment. The aim of this work is to provide a panoramic overview of the pharmacogenomics of individualized toxicity, from its genetic foundations to its clinical application. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, through searches in PubMed and Web of Science of works published between 2019 and 2026, which included a total of 94 studies. The results confirm the existence of solidly established gene-drug pairs, such as warfarin and CYP2C9, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and CYP2D6/CYP2C19, fluoropyrimidines and DPYD, thiopurines and TPMT/NUDT15, statins and SLCO1B1, or the HLA-mediated (human leukocyte antigen) hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir and aromatic antiseizure drugs, together with other associations with a lower degree of consolidation. In the best-established pairs, genotype-guided prescription effectively reduces adverse drug reactions without compromising therapeutic efficacy. However, its clinical implementation advances unevenly, conditioned by barriers of a structural, economic and organizational nature rather than scientific. It is concluded that the pharmacogenomics of toxicity shows an already demonstrated benefit in specific areas, whose consolidation and equitable extension will determine its capacity to achieve a safer and more individualized pharmacotherapy.
Direction
DE CASTRO RIOS, ANA (Tutorships)
DE CASTRO RIOS, ANA (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Optimization of alginate aerogel production through partial pre-drying
Authorship
S.F.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.F.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Alginate aerogels are attractive materials for drug delivery systems due to their low bulk density, high porosity and high specific surface area. Aerogel production typically involves several steps including hydrogel formation, crosslinking, solvent exchange and solvent removal, typically using supercritical CO2. The structural and functional properties of aerogels are strongly influenced by the processing conditions, so an optimization of their production is essential. In this final project, partial pre-drying was evaluated in the preparation of vancomycin-loaded alginate aerogels to minimize drug losses and reduce the use of solvents during the solvent exchange. Alginate hydrogels were produced by a prilling system, where alginate beads were collected in an aqueous calcium chloride gelation bath. Then, they were subjected to controlled drying at different temperatures (50 and 70 ºC) to get different residual water contents (50 and 90%). Morphological, textural and kinetic properties of the thus obtained aerogels were evaluated using dynamic image analysis, helium pycnometry, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, drug loading studies and drug release tests. All the formulations preserved the characteristic high porosity and specific surface area of aerogels. However, the pre-drying conditions influenced the final structure of the aerogels. An increase in water removal during pre-drying reduced gel bead volume shrinkage and produced more open pore structures. In addition, these pre-dried formulations showed enhanced vancomycin retention and a modification of the release profiles in comparison with the conventional process without predrying.
Alginate aerogels are attractive materials for drug delivery systems due to their low bulk density, high porosity and high specific surface area. Aerogel production typically involves several steps including hydrogel formation, crosslinking, solvent exchange and solvent removal, typically using supercritical CO2. The structural and functional properties of aerogels are strongly influenced by the processing conditions, so an optimization of their production is essential. In this final project, partial pre-drying was evaluated in the preparation of vancomycin-loaded alginate aerogels to minimize drug losses and reduce the use of solvents during the solvent exchange. Alginate hydrogels were produced by a prilling system, where alginate beads were collected in an aqueous calcium chloride gelation bath. Then, they were subjected to controlled drying at different temperatures (50 and 70 ºC) to get different residual water contents (50 and 90%). Morphological, textural and kinetic properties of the thus obtained aerogels were evaluated using dynamic image analysis, helium pycnometry, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, drug loading studies and drug release tests. All the formulations preserved the characteristic high porosity and specific surface area of aerogels. However, the pre-drying conditions influenced the final structure of the aerogels. An increase in water removal during pre-drying reduced gel bead volume shrinkage and produced more open pore structures. In addition, these pre-dried formulations showed enhanced vancomycin retention and a modification of the release profiles in comparison with the conventional process without predrying.
Direction
GARCIA GONZALEZ, CARLOS ALBERTO (Tutorships)
GARCIA GONZALEZ, CARLOS ALBERTO (Tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
Application of Medicinal Plants in Alzheimer's Disease: A Phytotherapeutic and Pharmacological Approach
Authorship
L.M.F.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.M.F.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the population and constitutes a major public health concern, as it progresses with gradual cognitive and functional impairment, leading to a high socioeconomic impact. Furthermore, there is currently no curative therapeutic approach available for this disease. Therefore, the search for complementary pharmacological strategies is essential. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy, molecular mechanisms of action, and safety profile of various phytochemicals in the management of this pathology. To this end, a literature review with a systematic search was conducted, following the PRISMA methodological guidelines. After applying the selection criteria, 9 clinical trials focusing on the impact of flavonoids, carotenoids, and cannabinoids were included. The results suggest that the efficacy of phytotherapy appears to be influenced by the stage of the disease. In patients with mild impairment, flavonoid-rich extracts, such as matcha tea, are associated with improvements in verbal memory and cognitive function, possibly linked to their ability to reduce oxidative stress, whereas citrus extracts show more discrete effect. On the other hand, in advanced stages accompanied by agitation, cannabinoids do not reverse cognitive deficits but do provide a benefit in behavioral control and reduce caregiver burden. Regarding the safety profile, matcha tea and citrus extracts stand out for their excellent tolerability. Adverse effects associated with synthetic cannabinoids can be mitigated by replacing them with low-dose administration of natural extracts. In conclusion, although phytochemicals represent a highly promising line of research as an add-on therapy in Alzheimer's disease, further long-term clinical trials are required to standardize their use in clinical practice.
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the population and constitutes a major public health concern, as it progresses with gradual cognitive and functional impairment, leading to a high socioeconomic impact. Furthermore, there is currently no curative therapeutic approach available for this disease. Therefore, the search for complementary pharmacological strategies is essential. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy, molecular mechanisms of action, and safety profile of various phytochemicals in the management of this pathology. To this end, a literature review with a systematic search was conducted, following the PRISMA methodological guidelines. After applying the selection criteria, 9 clinical trials focusing on the impact of flavonoids, carotenoids, and cannabinoids were included. The results suggest that the efficacy of phytotherapy appears to be influenced by the stage of the disease. In patients with mild impairment, flavonoid-rich extracts, such as matcha tea, are associated with improvements in verbal memory and cognitive function, possibly linked to their ability to reduce oxidative stress, whereas citrus extracts show more discrete effect. On the other hand, in advanced stages accompanied by agitation, cannabinoids do not reverse cognitive deficits but do provide a benefit in behavioral control and reduce caregiver burden. Regarding the safety profile, matcha tea and citrus extracts stand out for their excellent tolerability. Adverse effects associated with synthetic cannabinoids can be mitigated by replacing them with low-dose administration of natural extracts. In conclusion, although phytochemicals represent a highly promising line of research as an add-on therapy in Alzheimer's disease, further long-term clinical trials are required to standardize their use in clinical practice.
Direction
VAZQUEZ TORRES, MATEO (Tutorships)
VAZQUEZ TORRES, MATEO (Tutorships)
Court
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
Clinical and psychosocial impact of insulin pumps in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: the role of community pharmacy
Authorship
N.F.M.
Double bachelor degree in Phamacy and Optics and Optometry
N.F.M.
Double bachelor degree in Phamacy and Optics and Optometry
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus in the pediatric population requires strict glycemic control to prevent complications. Insulin pumps have evolved into automated systems that may improve clinical outcomes and psychological well-being. Objective: Evaluate the clinical and psychological impact of insulin pumps in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, as well as the role of the community pharmacist. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted through a PubMed search. Studies involving pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes that assessed insulin pumps and automated systems were selected. A total of 17 articles were included. Results: The studies show that continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion systems, especially automated ones, are associated with improved glycemic control, including increased time in range and reduced hyperglycemia, without a relevant increase in severe hypoglycemia. Improvements are greater in patients with poorer baseline control and during nighttime. At the psychological level, there is a reduction in fear of hypoglycemia and diabetes-related distress, particularly among caregivers. Quality of life outcomes are variable, although there is an overall trend toward improvement. Conclusions: Insulin pumps are an effective and safe strategy in pediatric type 1 diabetes, providing both clinical and psychological benefits. The community pharmacist plays a relevant role in patient education and follow-up.
Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus in the pediatric population requires strict glycemic control to prevent complications. Insulin pumps have evolved into automated systems that may improve clinical outcomes and psychological well-being. Objective: Evaluate the clinical and psychological impact of insulin pumps in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, as well as the role of the community pharmacist. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted through a PubMed search. Studies involving pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes that assessed insulin pumps and automated systems were selected. A total of 17 articles were included. Results: The studies show that continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion systems, especially automated ones, are associated with improved glycemic control, including increased time in range and reduced hyperglycemia, without a relevant increase in severe hypoglycemia. Improvements are greater in patients with poorer baseline control and during nighttime. At the psychological level, there is a reduction in fear of hypoglycemia and diabetes-related distress, particularly among caregivers. Quality of life outcomes are variable, although there is an overall trend toward improvement. Conclusions: Insulin pumps are an effective and safe strategy in pediatric type 1 diabetes, providing both clinical and psychological benefits. The community pharmacist plays a relevant role in patient education and follow-up.
Direction
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Study of topical treatments for acne management and the role of the community pharmacist in its approach
Authorship
H.F.N.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
H.F.N.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis of the pilosebaceous follicle, affecting 74% of Spanish adolescents between 12 and 24 years of age, with a growing trend towards persistent acne, especially in women. Despite this high prevalence, most patients do not seek medical consultation, positioning the community pharmacy as the primary point of contact for its management. This work constitutes a bibliographic review of available treatments, highlighting the importance of topical therapies and dermocosmetics. The current therapeutic arsenal is reviewed, including mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety, distinguishing between topical or systemic pharmacological approaches and non-pharmacological alternatives. The results indicate that the optimal approach must be multimodal and stepwise, taking into account the different factors influencing the condition, as well as the importance of patient health education to prevent the emergence of bacterial resistance (Cutibacterium acnes), which represents one of the main therapeutic challenges alongside low treatment adherence. It is concluded by highlighting the importance of the community pharmacist's healthcare role in guiding patients and improving treatment adherence. To this end, a professional action protocol and a patient information leaflet have been developed for implementation within the community pharmacy setting.
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis of the pilosebaceous follicle, affecting 74% of Spanish adolescents between 12 and 24 years of age, with a growing trend towards persistent acne, especially in women. Despite this high prevalence, most patients do not seek medical consultation, positioning the community pharmacy as the primary point of contact for its management. This work constitutes a bibliographic review of available treatments, highlighting the importance of topical therapies and dermocosmetics. The current therapeutic arsenal is reviewed, including mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety, distinguishing between topical or systemic pharmacological approaches and non-pharmacological alternatives. The results indicate that the optimal approach must be multimodal and stepwise, taking into account the different factors influencing the condition, as well as the importance of patient health education to prevent the emergence of bacterial resistance (Cutibacterium acnes), which represents one of the main therapeutic challenges alongside low treatment adherence. It is concluded by highlighting the importance of the community pharmacist's healthcare role in guiding patients and improving treatment adherence. To this end, a professional action protocol and a patient information leaflet have been developed for implementation within the community pharmacy setting.
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Diagnosis and treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO): a review of current clinical practice.
Authorship
L.F.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.F.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
This literature review analysed the current state of diagnostic methods and treatment options available for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, commonly known as SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth). Based on the studies reviewed, it was observed that the lactulose or glucose breath test (hydrogen/methane) is the most widely used diagnostic method in clinical practice, due to it is non invasive nature, accessibility and low cost, although it has limitations in terms of standardisation and diagnostic accuracy, as do other less commonly used techniques such as yeyunal aspiration and culture. With regard to treatment, antibiotic therapy is the main therapeutic option, particularly rifaximin, although there are complementary non-pharmacological strategies that may contribute to the symptomatic management of the patient. However, the available evidence remains limited, and further studies are therefore required to establish more robust diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to avoid overdiagnosis and recurrence.
This literature review analysed the current state of diagnostic methods and treatment options available for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, commonly known as SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth). Based on the studies reviewed, it was observed that the lactulose or glucose breath test (hydrogen/methane) is the most widely used diagnostic method in clinical practice, due to it is non invasive nature, accessibility and low cost, although it has limitations in terms of standardisation and diagnostic accuracy, as do other less commonly used techniques such as yeyunal aspiration and culture. With regard to treatment, antibiotic therapy is the main therapeutic option, particularly rifaximin, although there are complementary non-pharmacological strategies that may contribute to the symptomatic management of the patient. However, the available evidence remains limited, and further studies are therefore required to establish more robust diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to avoid overdiagnosis and recurrence.
Direction
SANCHEZ POZA, MARIA SANDRA (Tutorships)
SANCHEZ POZA, MARIA SANDRA (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
New pharmacological strategies in Alzheimer’s disease: review of disease-modifying therapies and symptomatic treatments
Authorship
M.F.O.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.F.O.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a gradual deterioration of cognitive functions, particularly memory, as well as behavioral and functional alterations that affect the patient's autonomy. From a physiopathological perspective, the disease is mainly associated with the extracellular accumulation of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides and the intracellular formation of neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, processes that contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. AD is the most common cause of dementia and its prevalence is expected to continue increasing in the coming years, with a consequent increase in associated costs. Current treatment for dementia includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (iAChE) along with an NMDA receptor antagonist and anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies. In this review new disease-modifying therapeutic alternatives are presented, including semaglutide, gantenerumab, simufilam and valiltramiprosate. Likewise, symptomatic therapies aimed at both controlling neuropsychiatric symptoms and improving cognitive function are reviewed, including trazodone or nabilone. Despite showing improvements in biomarkers, the observed benefits remain limited and do not significantly modify the course of the disease.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a gradual deterioration of cognitive functions, particularly memory, as well as behavioral and functional alterations that affect the patient's autonomy. From a physiopathological perspective, the disease is mainly associated with the extracellular accumulation of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides and the intracellular formation of neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, processes that contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. AD is the most common cause of dementia and its prevalence is expected to continue increasing in the coming years, with a consequent increase in associated costs. Current treatment for dementia includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (iAChE) along with an NMDA receptor antagonist and anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies. In this review new disease-modifying therapeutic alternatives are presented, including semaglutide, gantenerumab, simufilam and valiltramiprosate. Likewise, symptomatic therapies aimed at both controlling neuropsychiatric symptoms and improving cognitive function are reviewed, including trazodone or nabilone. Despite showing improvements in biomarkers, the observed benefits remain limited and do not significantly modify the course of the disease.
Direction
MARTINEZ RODRIGUEZ, ANTON LEANDRO (Tutorships)
MARTINEZ RODRIGUEZ, ANTON LEANDRO (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Breast cancer 3D models using bioinks of decellularized breast tissue
Authorship
S.F.A.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.F.A.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases worldwide, and its high heterogeneity represents a challenge to the development of effective treatments. In this context, 3D models allow to generate a more representative in vitro platform of the tumor microenvironment for the study of tumor progression and evaluation of new drugs. In order to recreate the characteristics of the tumor matrix, bioinks based on decellularized breast tissue (TDM) combined with methacrylate gelatin in different proportions were developed. These bioinks allowed the survival, proliferation and maintenance of metabolic activity of triple-negative breast cancer cells and human mammary fibroblasts. Moreover, they promoted a more representative cell behavior of the tumor microenvironment compared to conventional matrices such as type I collagen. Also, the developed bioink presented suitable properties for 3D bioprinting. Taken together, this study demonstrates the potential of TDM bioinks and 3D bioprinting as tools for making more physiologically relevant breast cancer models.
Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases worldwide, and its high heterogeneity represents a challenge to the development of effective treatments. In this context, 3D models allow to generate a more representative in vitro platform of the tumor microenvironment for the study of tumor progression and evaluation of new drugs. In order to recreate the characteristics of the tumor matrix, bioinks based on decellularized breast tissue (TDM) combined with methacrylate gelatin in different proportions were developed. These bioinks allowed the survival, proliferation and maintenance of metabolic activity of triple-negative breast cancer cells and human mammary fibroblasts. Moreover, they promoted a more representative cell behavior of the tumor microenvironment compared to conventional matrices such as type I collagen. Also, the developed bioink presented suitable properties for 3D bioprinting. Taken together, this study demonstrates the potential of TDM bioinks and 3D bioprinting as tools for making more physiologically relevant breast cancer models.
Direction
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, BARBARA (Tutorships)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, BARBARA (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Development, optimization and characterization of mRNA nanoparticles for application to advanced T cell therapies
Authorship
S.G.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.G.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) therapies, based on the genetic modification of T cells to confer greater selectivity for tumor-associated antigens, are demonstrating high efficacy against certain types of hematological cancer. However, their complex production processes, which require the ex vivo modification of the patient's T cells, and associated toxicities constitute significant limitations. Recently, new strategies have emerged aimed at developing in vivo CAR-T therapies, using viral vectors or mRNA nanoparticles as genetic delivery systems. Nanoparticles (NPs) offer advantages, notably their safety profile and simpler, more economical production processes. However, achieving efficient vectorization that allows them to be selectively directed to T cells in vivo remains a challenge. Active vectorization is based on the coupling of T cell-specific ligands to the surface of the NPs, with nanobodies being a promising alternative due to their favorable characteristics such as lower immunogenicity. In this study, starting with a previously developed prototype of mRNA nanoparticles, their active vectorization with nanobodies was optimized to advance their application in in vivo CAR-T cell therapies. To this end, the selected nanobody was functionally validated, the nanoparticle formulation was optimized for this specific application, and a conjugation method based on the thiol-maleimide chemical reaction was established. Furthermore, validation and quantification strategies were developed to confirm the correct conjugation of the nanoantibodies to the nanoparticle surface.
CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) therapies, based on the genetic modification of T cells to confer greater selectivity for tumor-associated antigens, are demonstrating high efficacy against certain types of hematological cancer. However, their complex production processes, which require the ex vivo modification of the patient's T cells, and associated toxicities constitute significant limitations. Recently, new strategies have emerged aimed at developing in vivo CAR-T therapies, using viral vectors or mRNA nanoparticles as genetic delivery systems. Nanoparticles (NPs) offer advantages, notably their safety profile and simpler, more economical production processes. However, achieving efficient vectorization that allows them to be selectively directed to T cells in vivo remains a challenge. Active vectorization is based on the coupling of T cell-specific ligands to the surface of the NPs, with nanobodies being a promising alternative due to their favorable characteristics such as lower immunogenicity. In this study, starting with a previously developed prototype of mRNA nanoparticles, their active vectorization with nanobodies was optimized to advance their application in in vivo CAR-T cell therapies. To this end, the selected nanobody was functionally validated, the nanoparticle formulation was optimized for this specific application, and a conjugation method based on the thiol-maleimide chemical reaction was established. Furthermore, validation and quantification strategies were developed to confirm the correct conjugation of the nanoantibodies to the nanoparticle surface.
Direction
ALONSO FERNANDEZ, MARIA JOSEFA (Tutorships)
ALONSO FERNANDEZ, MARIA JOSEFA (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Diet-pharmacotherapy interaction: foods that modify the bioavailability of commonly used medications
Authorship
J.G.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
J.G.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Food-drug interactions are a fundamental aspect of ensuring the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy. This paper presents a narrative review of the scientific literature to analyze how certain foods can modify the bioavailability of commonly used medications describing the main mechanisms involved. These include modifications of gastric pH, the formation of insoluble complexes, enzyme inhibition or induction, and alterations in intestinal transporters. Among the foods with the greatest clinical relevance are grapefruit juice, dairy products, fiber, alcohol, and caffeinated beverages as they can interfere with widely used therapeutic groups such as antibiotics, antihypertensives, psychotropic drugs, anticoagulants, and analgesics. These interactions can lead to decreased absorption and loss of efficacy as well as increased plasma concentrations and a risk of toxicity. Therefore, it is essential that the pharmacist plays an active role in the prevention, detection and health education regarding these interactions, as well as in the need to individualize recommendations according to the patient and reinforce healthcare training to improve the rational use of medicines.
Food-drug interactions are a fundamental aspect of ensuring the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy. This paper presents a narrative review of the scientific literature to analyze how certain foods can modify the bioavailability of commonly used medications describing the main mechanisms involved. These include modifications of gastric pH, the formation of insoluble complexes, enzyme inhibition or induction, and alterations in intestinal transporters. Among the foods with the greatest clinical relevance are grapefruit juice, dairy products, fiber, alcohol, and caffeinated beverages as they can interfere with widely used therapeutic groups such as antibiotics, antihypertensives, psychotropic drugs, anticoagulants, and analgesics. These interactions can lead to decreased absorption and loss of efficacy as well as increased plasma concentrations and a risk of toxicity. Therefore, it is essential that the pharmacist plays an active role in the prevention, detection and health education regarding these interactions, as well as in the need to individualize recommendations according to the patient and reinforce healthcare training to improve the rational use of medicines.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
Systematic review on the association of socioeconomic status and the misuse of psychoactive drugs.
Authorship
T.G.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
T.G.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
INTRODUCTION: The misuse of psychoactive drugs such as opioids, benzodiazepines and hypnotics is a growing public health problem worldwide, including Europe and Spain. Misuse occurs when there is self-medication and/or deviation from therapeutic guidelines (dose, frequency or duration) and/or saving or sharing leftovers of the drug. OBJECTIVES: and misuse of psychoactive drugs. The relationship between income level and employment as socioeconomic indicators MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guideline by searching PubMed. Observational studies published in the last five years in the general population were included. The selection of studies was carried out in two phases and following pre-established inclusion criteria: screening by title and abstracts in a first phase and then a review of the full text of the potentially eligible studies. Data were extracted and synthesized. RESULTS: Of 384 studies identified, 7 met the inclusion criteria: 4 cross-sectional, 2 longitudinal, and 1 meta-analysis among opioid users. The studies were conducted in North America, Europe, and Africa, primarily addressing opioid drugs, benzodiazepines, and stimulants. Heterogeneity was observed in the results; however, most (6 out of 7 studies) found an association between low socioeconomic status and misuse of these drugs. Factors such as unemployment, low income, and social vulnerability were related to a higher probability of misuse, consumption, even overdose. CONCLUSION: The misuse of psychoactive substances is associated with socioeconomic inequalities, which reinforces the need for preventive interventions aimed at vulnerable populations.
INTRODUCTION: The misuse of psychoactive drugs such as opioids, benzodiazepines and hypnotics is a growing public health problem worldwide, including Europe and Spain. Misuse occurs when there is self-medication and/or deviation from therapeutic guidelines (dose, frequency or duration) and/or saving or sharing leftovers of the drug. OBJECTIVES: and misuse of psychoactive drugs. The relationship between income level and employment as socioeconomic indicators MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guideline by searching PubMed. Observational studies published in the last five years in the general population were included. The selection of studies was carried out in two phases and following pre-established inclusion criteria: screening by title and abstracts in a first phase and then a review of the full text of the potentially eligible studies. Data were extracted and synthesized. RESULTS: Of 384 studies identified, 7 met the inclusion criteria: 4 cross-sectional, 2 longitudinal, and 1 meta-analysis among opioid users. The studies were conducted in North America, Europe, and Africa, primarily addressing opioid drugs, benzodiazepines, and stimulants. Heterogeneity was observed in the results; however, most (6 out of 7 studies) found an association between low socioeconomic status and misuse of these drugs. Factors such as unemployment, low income, and social vulnerability were related to a higher probability of misuse, consumption, even overdose. CONCLUSION: The misuse of psychoactive substances is associated with socioeconomic inequalities, which reinforces the need for preventive interventions aimed at vulnerable populations.
Direction
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Tutorships)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Development of a 3D-printed buccal device for sustained drug release: design, characterization and evaluation
Authorship
N.G.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
N.G.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
This work presents the design and experimental characterization of a personalized buccal drug delivery that combines a thermoformed occlusal splint with interchangeable 3D-printed melatonin (used as a model drug) tablets manufactured by semi-solid extrusion (SSE). The PVC splint is anatomically adapted to the lower dental arch and incorporates a cavity that maintains one tablet surface in intimate contact with the buccal mucosa, enabling nocturnal transmucosal administration aligned with melatonin´s pharmacodynamic profile. Melatonin-loaded semisolid link is prepared using pharmaceutical-grade excipients and extruded into blister molds with an SSE-equipped M3DIMAKER printer, yielding cartridges of reproducible geometry, mass, and content uniformity in accordance with European Pharmacopoeia criteria. Physical and mechanical test show homogeneous appearance, adequate strength for repeated insertion/extraction and stable retention within the splint without spontaneous detachment under simulated use. In vitro dissolution under oral-like conditions demonstrates a prolonged release profile, with an initial hydration phase followed by sustained diffusion-controlled release over several hours, reaching complete melatonin liberation within approximately 10 hours compatible with overnight therapy. The modular splint-tablet configuration improves using and residence time compared with conventional buccal forms and allows dose or drug changes by replacing only the cartridge, supporting personalized, on-demand treatment using 3D printing technologies.
This work presents the design and experimental characterization of a personalized buccal drug delivery that combines a thermoformed occlusal splint with interchangeable 3D-printed melatonin (used as a model drug) tablets manufactured by semi-solid extrusion (SSE). The PVC splint is anatomically adapted to the lower dental arch and incorporates a cavity that maintains one tablet surface in intimate contact with the buccal mucosa, enabling nocturnal transmucosal administration aligned with melatonin´s pharmacodynamic profile. Melatonin-loaded semisolid link is prepared using pharmaceutical-grade excipients and extruded into blister molds with an SSE-equipped M3DIMAKER printer, yielding cartridges of reproducible geometry, mass, and content uniformity in accordance with European Pharmacopoeia criteria. Physical and mechanical test show homogeneous appearance, adequate strength for repeated insertion/extraction and stable retention within the splint without spontaneous detachment under simulated use. In vitro dissolution under oral-like conditions demonstrates a prolonged release profile, with an initial hydration phase followed by sustained diffusion-controlled release over several hours, reaching complete melatonin liberation within approximately 10 hours compatible with overnight therapy. The modular splint-tablet configuration improves using and residence time compared with conventional buccal forms and allows dose or drug changes by replacing only the cartridge, supporting personalized, on-demand treatment using 3D printing technologies.
Direction
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Tutorships)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
J.G.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
J.G.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Benzodiazepines are among the most commonly prescribed classes of medications for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia, despite clinical guidelines recommending that their use be limited because of the risk of tolerance, dependence, and adverse effects. The aim of this Bachelor's Thesis was to analyse benzodiazepine prescribing patterns in routine clinical practice and to evaluate the extent to which these prescriptions adhere to current clinical practice guideline recommendations. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire administered to 64 physicians from the Galician Health Service, the majority of whom worked in primary care. The questionnaire assessed prescribing patterns, knowledge of clinical practice guidelines, and the main barriers to treatment discontinuation. The results showed a high frequency of benzodiazepine prescribing, particularly for the management of anxiety. Although most physicians reported being familiar with the recommendations regarding their use, treatment durations frequently exceeded those recommended by current guidelines. The main barriers to deprescribing included patient pressure, difficulties associated with treatment withdrawal, and healthcare system constraints. In conclusion, a discrepancy exists between physicians' knowledge of clinical guideline recommendations and their implementation in everyday clinical practice. These findings highlight the need to strengthen strategies promoting the rational use of benzodiazepines, encourage non-pharmacological treatment alternatives, and facilitate interventions aimed at the safe deprescribing of these medications.
Benzodiazepines are among the most commonly prescribed classes of medications for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia, despite clinical guidelines recommending that their use be limited because of the risk of tolerance, dependence, and adverse effects. The aim of this Bachelor's Thesis was to analyse benzodiazepine prescribing patterns in routine clinical practice and to evaluate the extent to which these prescriptions adhere to current clinical practice guideline recommendations. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire administered to 64 physicians from the Galician Health Service, the majority of whom worked in primary care. The questionnaire assessed prescribing patterns, knowledge of clinical practice guidelines, and the main barriers to treatment discontinuation. The results showed a high frequency of benzodiazepine prescribing, particularly for the management of anxiety. Although most physicians reported being familiar with the recommendations regarding their use, treatment durations frequently exceeded those recommended by current guidelines. The main barriers to deprescribing included patient pressure, difficulties associated with treatment withdrawal, and healthcare system constraints. In conclusion, a discrepancy exists between physicians' knowledge of clinical guideline recommendations and their implementation in everyday clinical practice. These findings highlight the need to strengthen strategies promoting the rational use of benzodiazepines, encourage non-pharmacological treatment alternatives, and facilitate interventions aimed at the safe deprescribing of these medications.
Direction
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Tutorships)
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Tutorships)
Court
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
Health Education on the Use of Psychoactive Medications: An Interdisciplinary Intervention Proposal for Secondary School Students Using a Service-Learning Methodology
Authorship
A.G.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.G.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
The misuse of psychoactive drugs among adolescents represents an emerging public health concern associated with individual, social, and emotional factors. The aim of this Bachelor’s Thesis is to analyse the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of 4th-year Secondary Education students regarding the use of anxiolytics, stimulants, and opioids, as well as to assess the impact of an educational intervention conducted in the classroom. A pilot quasi-experimental pre-post study without a control group was conducted using a validated questionnaire based on the KAP model (Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices), administered before and after a 50-minute educational session within the framework of the Service-Learning (SL) methodology. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to compare responses obtained before and after the intervention. Pre-intervention results suggested a moderate level of theoretical knowledge regarding dependence and tolerance, although this coexisted with a low perception of risk associated with the occasional use of psychoactive drugs, particularly anxiolytics. Following the intervention, a significant improvement was observed in both knowledge and risk perception concerning certain substances. However, no statistically significant changes were detected in key attitudinal variables, such as willingness to self-medicate, or in emotional indicators, probably due to the limited sample size (110 students in the pre-intervention survey and 81 in the post-intervention survey). These findings suggest that a single educational intervention may be effective in increasing knowledge, but insufficient to modify established attitudes and practices. Therefore, it would be advisable to complement this intervention with longer-term and multidimensional activities in order to achieve sustained behavioural changes.
The misuse of psychoactive drugs among adolescents represents an emerging public health concern associated with individual, social, and emotional factors. The aim of this Bachelor’s Thesis is to analyse the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of 4th-year Secondary Education students regarding the use of anxiolytics, stimulants, and opioids, as well as to assess the impact of an educational intervention conducted in the classroom. A pilot quasi-experimental pre-post study without a control group was conducted using a validated questionnaire based on the KAP model (Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices), administered before and after a 50-minute educational session within the framework of the Service-Learning (SL) methodology. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to compare responses obtained before and after the intervention. Pre-intervention results suggested a moderate level of theoretical knowledge regarding dependence and tolerance, although this coexisted with a low perception of risk associated with the occasional use of psychoactive drugs, particularly anxiolytics. Following the intervention, a significant improvement was observed in both knowledge and risk perception concerning certain substances. However, no statistically significant changes were detected in key attitudinal variables, such as willingness to self-medicate, or in emotional indicators, probably due to the limited sample size (110 students in the pre-intervention survey and 81 in the post-intervention survey). These findings suggest that a single educational intervention may be effective in increasing knowledge, but insufficient to modify established attitudes and practices. Therefore, it would be advisable to complement this intervention with longer-term and multidimensional activities in order to achieve sustained behavioural changes.
Direction
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Tutorships)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Symptoms and treatment of allergic rhinitis
Authorship
M.G.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.G.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Allergic rhinitis is a disease that primarily affects the respiratory system, mediated by an immunological reaction in the nasal mucosa. It presents a high prevalence and poses a socio-economic problem. It can be diagnosed through clinical observation, as well as cutaneous and serological methods, which will be key when choosing the appropriate treatment for the pathology. These treatments will be related to the intensity of the symptomatology and its persistence. In fact, combination therapy represents a fundamental strategy to efficiently address the mitigation of symptoms,which can affect the patient's quality of life. Currently, new treatment alternatives such as biological drugs are being investigated.
Allergic rhinitis is a disease that primarily affects the respiratory system, mediated by an immunological reaction in the nasal mucosa. It presents a high prevalence and poses a socio-economic problem. It can be diagnosed through clinical observation, as well as cutaneous and serological methods, which will be key when choosing the appropriate treatment for the pathology. These treatments will be related to the intensity of the symptomatology and its persistence. In fact, combination therapy represents a fundamental strategy to efficiently address the mitigation of symptoms,which can affect the patient's quality of life. Currently, new treatment alternatives such as biological drugs are being investigated.
Direction
VIÑA CASTELAO, MARÍA DOLORES (Tutorships)
VIÑA CASTELAO, MARÍA DOLORES (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Development of a methodology for the preparation of aerogels for drug delivery
Authorship
D.G.Á.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
D.G.Á.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Alginate aerogels are of great interest in biomedical applications due to their high porosity, large specific surface area, and low density. Among these applications, their use as drug delivery systems is particularly noteworthy, as they enable the encapsulation and subsequent release of active pharmaceutical ingredients. However, the incorporation of water-soluble compounds remains a challenge because drug losses occur during the production stages. The main objective was the production of alginate aerogel particles using a crosslinking system based on the spraying of CaCl2 onto superamphiphobic surfaces, employing reduced solvent volumes and evaluating their capacity to encapsulate vancomycin. First, the effect of different alginate concentrations, as well as various airflow rates and pressures, on the morphological characteristics of the obtained particles was investigated. Based on these results, the optimal processing conditions were established, and the structural characterization of the aerogels was carried out by evaluating their porosity and specific surface area. Finally, the loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of vancomycin in the selected formulations were determined. The formulation that resulted in more homogeneous and spherical particles with high porosity and specific surface area was identified. Although vancomycin was successfully encapsulated, the efficiencies obtained were still low, so further optimization of the system will be necessary.
Alginate aerogels are of great interest in biomedical applications due to their high porosity, large specific surface area, and low density. Among these applications, their use as drug delivery systems is particularly noteworthy, as they enable the encapsulation and subsequent release of active pharmaceutical ingredients. However, the incorporation of water-soluble compounds remains a challenge because drug losses occur during the production stages. The main objective was the production of alginate aerogel particles using a crosslinking system based on the spraying of CaCl2 onto superamphiphobic surfaces, employing reduced solvent volumes and evaluating their capacity to encapsulate vancomycin. First, the effect of different alginate concentrations, as well as various airflow rates and pressures, on the morphological characteristics of the obtained particles was investigated. Based on these results, the optimal processing conditions were established, and the structural characterization of the aerogels was carried out by evaluating their porosity and specific surface area. Finally, the loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of vancomycin in the selected formulations were determined. The formulation that resulted in more homogeneous and spherical particles with high porosity and specific surface area was identified. Although vancomycin was successfully encapsulated, the efficiencies obtained were still low, so further optimization of the system will be necessary.
Direction
GARCIA GONZALEZ, CARLOS ALBERTO (Tutorships)
GARCIA GONZALEZ, CARLOS ALBERTO (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
GLP-1 analogues as a treatment for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease
Authorship
I.G.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
I.G.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Both are characterized by the lack of treatments capable of halting or significantly modifying disease progression. In recent years, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy due to their neuroprotective effects observed in experimental studies and their relationship with the metabolic dysfunction involved in neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to review the available scientific evidence regarding the role of GLP 1 receptor agonists in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, analyzing their mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical findings, as well as their limitations and future perspectives. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov, primarily selecting articles published within the last five years, clinical trials, and relevant review articles. The results showed that GLP-1 receptor agonists exert beneficial effects on multiple mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cerebral insulin resistance. Neuroprotective effects were observed in experimental models of both Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. However, the available clinical trials have yielded heterogeneous results. In Alzheimer’s disease, semaglutide failed to demonstrate significant clinical benefits, whereas in Parkinson’s disease some studies, particularly those involving lixisenatide, showed promising effects on motor disease progression. In conclusion, GLP-1 receptor agonists represent a promising therapeutic strategy in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, current clinical evidence remains insufficient to confirm their role as disease-modifying treatments.
Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Both are characterized by the lack of treatments capable of halting or significantly modifying disease progression. In recent years, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy due to their neuroprotective effects observed in experimental studies and their relationship with the metabolic dysfunction involved in neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to review the available scientific evidence regarding the role of GLP 1 receptor agonists in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, analyzing their mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical findings, as well as their limitations and future perspectives. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov, primarily selecting articles published within the last five years, clinical trials, and relevant review articles. The results showed that GLP-1 receptor agonists exert beneficial effects on multiple mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cerebral insulin resistance. Neuroprotective effects were observed in experimental models of both Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. However, the available clinical trials have yielded heterogeneous results. In Alzheimer’s disease, semaglutide failed to demonstrate significant clinical benefits, whereas in Parkinson’s disease some studies, particularly those involving lixisenatide, showed promising effects on motor disease progression. In conclusion, GLP-1 receptor agonists represent a promising therapeutic strategy in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, current clinical evidence remains insufficient to confirm their role as disease-modifying treatments.
Direction
BREA FLORIANI, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
BREA FLORIANI, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Current techniques for controlling sterilization processes
Authorship
D.I.I.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
D.I.I.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Sterilization is a key process in the production of medicines and healthcare products, and it is essential for bringing them to market while guaranteeing efficacy and safety. The aim of this work was to analyze current sterilization process control techniques and asses the different advantages, limitations, and future prospects of each one. To this end, a bibliographic review was carried out based on scientific articles, specific regulations, specialized documents on the subject, and books. The results show that physical, chemical, and biological controls have different advantages and drawbacks regarding response speed, sensitivity, and the ability to demonstrate sterility, but all of them must be used together to carry out both validations and routine controls for each sterilization method. Likewise, cutting-edge and future technologies such as rapid biological indicators or enzymatic indicators were identified, all combined with modern digital systems and artificial intelligence. The integration of all these parameters is aimed at more rapid, automated, precise, and reliable systems, which are fundamental to ensuring the efficacy of healthcare products and medicines.
Sterilization is a key process in the production of medicines and healthcare products, and it is essential for bringing them to market while guaranteeing efficacy and safety. The aim of this work was to analyze current sterilization process control techniques and asses the different advantages, limitations, and future prospects of each one. To this end, a bibliographic review was carried out based on scientific articles, specific regulations, specialized documents on the subject, and books. The results show that physical, chemical, and biological controls have different advantages and drawbacks regarding response speed, sensitivity, and the ability to demonstrate sterility, but all of them must be used together to carry out both validations and routine controls for each sterilization method. Likewise, cutting-edge and future technologies such as rapid biological indicators or enzymatic indicators were identified, all combined with modern digital systems and artificial intelligence. The integration of all these parameters is aimed at more rapid, automated, precise, and reliable systems, which are fundamental to ensuring the efficacy of healthcare products and medicines.
Direction
GARCIA GONZALEZ, CARLOS ALBERTO (Tutorships)
GARCIA GONZALEZ, CARLOS ALBERTO (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Emergency contraception and pharmaceutical care: an observational study on the population's knowledge and perceptions
Authorship
C.I.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.I.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
This Bachelor’s Thesis analyses emergency contraception (EC), reviewing the methods available in Spain, their efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action, as well as the role of the community pharmacist in their dispensing. In addition, it assesses the population’s knowledge and perceptions of pharmaceutical care through a survey. The results show that most respondents are familiar with the basic aspects of emergency contraception, such as its availability without a prescription and the importance of prompt administration. However, misconceptions regarding its safety and its alleged abortifacient nature persist. Furthermore, a large proportion of users perceived the pharmaceutical care received as insufficient, mainly limited to dispensing the medication without an individualised assessment or comprehensive counselling. Despite these limitations, most participants considered community pharmacies an appropriate setting to receive professional advice. This represents an excellent opportunity to enhance the value and recognition of the pharmacy profession. In conclusion, the study highlights the need to strengthen health education and improve the quality of pharmaceutical care through the implementation of good practice protocols.
This Bachelor’s Thesis analyses emergency contraception (EC), reviewing the methods available in Spain, their efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action, as well as the role of the community pharmacist in their dispensing. In addition, it assesses the population’s knowledge and perceptions of pharmaceutical care through a survey. The results show that most respondents are familiar with the basic aspects of emergency contraception, such as its availability without a prescription and the importance of prompt administration. However, misconceptions regarding its safety and its alleged abortifacient nature persist. Furthermore, a large proportion of users perceived the pharmaceutical care received as insufficient, mainly limited to dispensing the medication without an individualised assessment or comprehensive counselling. Despite these limitations, most participants considered community pharmacies an appropriate setting to receive professional advice. This represents an excellent opportunity to enhance the value and recognition of the pharmacy profession. In conclusion, the study highlights the need to strengthen health education and improve the quality of pharmaceutical care through the implementation of good practice protocols.
Direction
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Tutorships)
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
The role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Authorship
E.I.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
E.I.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease of metabolic origin worldwide. It is associated with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, and can lead to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. As there is currently no effective pharmacological treatment available, lifestyle changes are key to prevention and treatment. The aim of this Final Year Project was to critically analyse the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD, by evaluating the scientific evidence on the influence of dietary patterns, eating habits, and nutrients and bioactive compounds on key pathophysiological mechanisms and metabolic markers (transaminases, HOMA-IR, HSI, lipid profile). To this end, a narrative literature review was conducted based on publications from databases and clinical guidelines. The results show that moderate calorie restriction (500/1,000 kilocalories per day), minimising simple sugars (particularly fructose) and saturated and trans fats, and adopting dietary patterns rich in antioxidants and fibre help to prevent and/or treat NAFLD. The Mediterranean diet is considered the reference dietary pattern in clinical guidelines due to good adherence, cardiometabolic benefits and good efficacy in improving metabolic parameters. In conclusion, further research is needed to determine optimal doses of bioactive compounds, to tailor interventions to at risk groups, and to assess the long term safety and efficacy profile of other diets.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease of metabolic origin worldwide. It is associated with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, and can lead to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. As there is currently no effective pharmacological treatment available, lifestyle changes are key to prevention and treatment. The aim of this Final Year Project was to critically analyse the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD, by evaluating the scientific evidence on the influence of dietary patterns, eating habits, and nutrients and bioactive compounds on key pathophysiological mechanisms and metabolic markers (transaminases, HOMA-IR, HSI, lipid profile). To this end, a narrative literature review was conducted based on publications from databases and clinical guidelines. The results show that moderate calorie restriction (500/1,000 kilocalories per day), minimising simple sugars (particularly fructose) and saturated and trans fats, and adopting dietary patterns rich in antioxidants and fibre help to prevent and/or treat NAFLD. The Mediterranean diet is considered the reference dietary pattern in clinical guidelines due to good adherence, cardiometabolic benefits and good efficacy in improving metabolic parameters. In conclusion, further research is needed to determine optimal doses of bioactive compounds, to tailor interventions to at risk groups, and to assess the long term safety and efficacy profile of other diets.
Direction
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
The SODIS method as an improvement in the microbiological quality of drinking water
Authorship
L.J.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.J.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
In this Final Degree Project, a bibliographic review of the available scientific literature on solar disinfection (SODIS method) was conducted as a treatment to improve the microbiological quality of drinking water at a household level. This is a simple and low-cost method based on disinfecting water through exposure to direct solar radiation in plastic or glass bottles for at least 6 hours. The SODIS method is used in low- and middle-income countries to obtain water suitable for consumption and to reduce the transmission of diseases caused by various pathogens transmitted through contaminated water. This review addresses important aspects of the method, including its social impact, particularly in disadvantaged communities in developing countries; its mechanism of action against different pathogens; the limitations affecting its application and efficacy; the introduction of physical improvements, such as the design of new reactors, and chemical enhancements, such as the addition of oxidizing compounds, to overcome its main limitations; and the potential toxicity associated with the method, which represents one of the main concerns among users. Current research findings support the method as a viable and sustainable alternative to ensure access to safe drinking water. However, further studies are required to optimize the process and to evaluate its long-term safety.
In this Final Degree Project, a bibliographic review of the available scientific literature on solar disinfection (SODIS method) was conducted as a treatment to improve the microbiological quality of drinking water at a household level. This is a simple and low-cost method based on disinfecting water through exposure to direct solar radiation in plastic or glass bottles for at least 6 hours. The SODIS method is used in low- and middle-income countries to obtain water suitable for consumption and to reduce the transmission of diseases caused by various pathogens transmitted through contaminated water. This review addresses important aspects of the method, including its social impact, particularly in disadvantaged communities in developing countries; its mechanism of action against different pathogens; the limitations affecting its application and efficacy; the introduction of physical improvements, such as the design of new reactors, and chemical enhancements, such as the addition of oxidizing compounds, to overcome its main limitations; and the potential toxicity associated with the method, which represents one of the main concerns among users. Current research findings support the method as a viable and sustainable alternative to ensure access to safe drinking water. However, further studies are required to optimize the process and to evaluate its long-term safety.
Direction
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Tutorships)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Pharmacogenetics in ovarian cancer treatment.
Authorship
M.J.E.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.J.E.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Ovarian cancer is characterized by being the most lethal gynecological cancer. In the early stages of the disease, symptoms are non-specific, meaning it is commonly detected at advanced and, consequently, more aggressive stages. This fact, along with the development of resistance to standard chemotherapeutic agents, leads to a high mortality and recurrence rate. New advances in pharmacogenetics, a field that investigates the role of genes in response to pharmacological treatments, open a new line of research that enables the identification of pathogenic variants in these genes. The study of these mutations, their prevalence, and their involvement in the onset and progression of ovarian cancer sets a precedent for developing targeted, personalized therapies that can optimize treatment outcomes, improving patient survival and their quality of life. Although currently implemented in certain cases, it remains a recent field of research that requires further investment. Studies conducted to date on various biomarkers position pharmacogenetics as a promising approach for targeted personalized therapies in ovarian cancer patients, offering the potential to increase cure rates and enhance quality of life.
Ovarian cancer is characterized by being the most lethal gynecological cancer. In the early stages of the disease, symptoms are non-specific, meaning it is commonly detected at advanced and, consequently, more aggressive stages. This fact, along with the development of resistance to standard chemotherapeutic agents, leads to a high mortality and recurrence rate. New advances in pharmacogenetics, a field that investigates the role of genes in response to pharmacological treatments, open a new line of research that enables the identification of pathogenic variants in these genes. The study of these mutations, their prevalence, and their involvement in the onset and progression of ovarian cancer sets a precedent for developing targeted, personalized therapies that can optimize treatment outcomes, improving patient survival and their quality of life. Although currently implemented in certain cases, it remains a recent field of research that requires further investment. Studies conducted to date on various biomarkers position pharmacogenetics as a promising approach for targeted personalized therapies in ovarian cancer patients, offering the potential to increase cure rates and enhance quality of life.
Direction
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Tutorships)
TOBIO AGEITOS, ARACELI (Tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
T.L.V.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
T.L.V.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
The use of artificial preservatives, such as parabens, in the cosmetic industry is increasingly being questioned due to their potential adverse effects. Consumer resistance is driving the search for natural alternatives that can be incorporated into cosmetic products to replace the preservative function they serve. Concurrently, the valorization of winemaking by-products represents a promising strategy for obtaining bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, which have been extensively studied for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In this study, the potential of a polyphenolic extract derived from white grape pomace (Vitis vinifera var. Albariño) as a natural preservative for cosmetic formulations was evaluated. Its antimicrobial activity against microorganisms commonly associated with cosmetic contamination was determined using the broth dilution method with AlamarBlue fluorimetric detection. Subsequently, a hydrogel containing the extract was prepared, and its preservative efficacy was assessed via the Challenge Test, in accordance with the ISO 11930 standard. The results demonstrated the extract's antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, the formulated hydrogel met the criteria established by ISO 11930, inhibiting microbial growth throughout the study period. These findings highlight the potential of grape pomace extract as a natural preservative capable of protecting cosmetic formulations against microbial contamination.
The use of artificial preservatives, such as parabens, in the cosmetic industry is increasingly being questioned due to their potential adverse effects. Consumer resistance is driving the search for natural alternatives that can be incorporated into cosmetic products to replace the preservative function they serve. Concurrently, the valorization of winemaking by-products represents a promising strategy for obtaining bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, which have been extensively studied for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In this study, the potential of a polyphenolic extract derived from white grape pomace (Vitis vinifera var. Albariño) as a natural preservative for cosmetic formulations was evaluated. Its antimicrobial activity against microorganisms commonly associated with cosmetic contamination was determined using the broth dilution method with AlamarBlue fluorimetric detection. Subsequently, a hydrogel containing the extract was prepared, and its preservative efficacy was assessed via the Challenge Test, in accordance with the ISO 11930 standard. The results demonstrated the extract's antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, the formulated hydrogel met the criteria established by ISO 11930, inhibiting microbial growth throughout the study period. These findings highlight the potential of grape pomace extract as a natural preservative capable of protecting cosmetic formulations against microbial contamination.
Direction
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Tutorships)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Tutorships)
Court
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
Phosphorylated compounds modulate extracellular pyrophosphate homeostasis and vascular calcification
Authorship
I.L.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
I.L.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Direction
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
A.L.H.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.L.H.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Fibrosis is one of the main causes of functional impairment and premature death, accounting for 45 % of deaths in the industrialized world. In this context, cutaneous fibrosis shares most of the mechanisms involved in the fibrosis of internal organs, making it an accessible model with high translational value. However, despite therapeutic advances, there are still no effective treatments. Therefore, piezoelectric scaffolds have emerged as a promising strategy in tissue engineering due to their ability to generate electrical stimuli in response to mechanical forces, reproducing natural bioelectrical signals in order to modulate cellular behavior. In this work, PVDF/KNN scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning, a method capable of generating fibers able to mimic the architecture of the extracellular matrix. SEM analyses showed that this method can produce random and highly aligned fibers with a diameter similar to that of collagen fibers. Cell viability was evaluated in vitro on days 1, 3, and 7, and cell orientation, according to the organization of the fibers, was analyzed on day 7. These results demonstrated the cytocompatibility of the materials, greater cell proliferation in the aligned scaffolds with higher piezoelectricity, and a high degree of actin cytoskeleton alignment in the direction of the fibers, making them candidates for more efficient skin regeneration.
Fibrosis is one of the main causes of functional impairment and premature death, accounting for 45 % of deaths in the industrialized world. In this context, cutaneous fibrosis shares most of the mechanisms involved in the fibrosis of internal organs, making it an accessible model with high translational value. However, despite therapeutic advances, there are still no effective treatments. Therefore, piezoelectric scaffolds have emerged as a promising strategy in tissue engineering due to their ability to generate electrical stimuli in response to mechanical forces, reproducing natural bioelectrical signals in order to modulate cellular behavior. In this work, PVDF/KNN scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning, a method capable of generating fibers able to mimic the architecture of the extracellular matrix. SEM analyses showed that this method can produce random and highly aligned fibers with a diameter similar to that of collagen fibers. Cell viability was evaluated in vitro on days 1, 3, and 7, and cell orientation, according to the organization of the fibers, was analyzed on day 7. These results demonstrated the cytocompatibility of the materials, greater cell proliferation in the aligned scaffolds with higher piezoelectricity, and a high degree of actin cytoskeleton alignment in the direction of the fibers, making them candidates for more efficient skin regeneration.
Direction
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Metals in cosmetic products
Authorship
M.L.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.L.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Cosmetic products may contain metals added as ingredients, colorants, preservatives, or as impurities arising from the manufacturing process. Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009 prohibits the use of metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) as cosmetic ingredients within the European Union. However, differences in cosmetic regulations across countries and the widespread availability of products through online platforms facilitate access to cosmetics containing metal concentrations above the permitted limits, such as certain skin-lightening products containing mercury. Mercury inhibits tyrosinase activity and, consequently, melanin synthesis, potentially leading to adverse health effects, including nephrotoxicity. Among the cosmetic products most commonly associated with metal content are deodorants and antiperspirants formulated with aluminum salts, as well as makeup products such as lipsticks and eyeshadows, which may contain Pb, Cd, Cr, or Ni. Prolonged exposure to these metals may promote their bioaccumulation in the body, increasing the risk of adverse health effects.
Cosmetic products may contain metals added as ingredients, colorants, preservatives, or as impurities arising from the manufacturing process. Regulation (EC) No. 1223/2009 prohibits the use of metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) as cosmetic ingredients within the European Union. However, differences in cosmetic regulations across countries and the widespread availability of products through online platforms facilitate access to cosmetics containing metal concentrations above the permitted limits, such as certain skin-lightening products containing mercury. Mercury inhibits tyrosinase activity and, consequently, melanin synthesis, potentially leading to adverse health effects, including nephrotoxicity. Among the cosmetic products most commonly associated with metal content are deodorants and antiperspirants formulated with aluminum salts, as well as makeup products such as lipsticks and eyeshadows, which may contain Pb, Cd, Cr, or Ni. Prolonged exposure to these metals may promote their bioaccumulation in the body, increasing the risk of adverse health effects.
Direction
SÁNCHEZ GONZÁLEZ, Mª ÁNGELES (Tutorships)
SÁNCHEZ GONZÁLEZ, Mª ÁNGELES (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus and its presence in Spain
Authorship
L.L.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.L.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonosis caused by the Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV), which is transmitted by ticks of the genus Hyalomma. It presents with non-specific clinical symptoms such as fever, headache and gastrointestinal symptoms and, in the most severe cases, can progress to haemorrhaging and even multiple organ failure. It was first identified in Crimea in 1944 and was later linked to outbreaks in the Congo. It is currently endemic in parts of Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe and is considered a priority disease by the WHO. Its spread in Europe has been linked to climatic factors and the dispersal of ticks by migratory birds. In Spain, the detection of the virus in wildlife, in addition to the autochthonous cases recorded since 2016, including nosocomial episodes, shows its active circulation and its relevance as an emerging threat to public health.
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonosis caused by the Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV), which is transmitted by ticks of the genus Hyalomma. It presents with non-specific clinical symptoms such as fever, headache and gastrointestinal symptoms and, in the most severe cases, can progress to haemorrhaging and even multiple organ failure. It was first identified in Crimea in 1944 and was later linked to outbreaks in the Congo. It is currently endemic in parts of Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe and is considered a priority disease by the WHO. Its spread in Europe has been linked to climatic factors and the dispersal of ticks by migratory birds. In Spain, the detection of the virus in wildlife, in addition to the autochthonous cases recorded since 2016, including nosocomial episodes, shows its active circulation and its relevance as an emerging threat to public health.
Direction
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Tutorships)
MUÑOZ CREGO, MARIA ANGELES (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Role of GLP-1 agonists in the treatment of obesity in people without diabetes
Authorship
M.L.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.L.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Obesity is a chronic and relapsing disease that represents one of the major public health challenges worldwide due to its high prevalence and its metabolic, cardiovascular, economic, and social consequences. The development of this condition is influenced by multiple biological, environmental, and metabolic factors that alter the mechanisms involved in the regulation of appetite and energy balance, making weight loss and long-term weight maintenance difficult. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists represent one of the most significant therapeutic advances in the management of obesity. They are characterized by their ability to act on different biological systems, increasing satiety, reducing appetite, and modulating mechanisms involved in energy homeostasis. The results obtained with drugs such as liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide have demonstrated clinically significant weight reductions, establishing these medications as some of the most effective therapeutic options currently available. This study aims to analyse the role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of obesity in individuals without diabetes, reviewing their mechanism of action, the available clinical evidence, and the main implications derived from their use. Furthermore, the social and media impact associated with these treatments is discussed, highlighting the pharmacist’s role in health education, pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, and the promotion of the rational use of these medications.
Obesity is a chronic and relapsing disease that represents one of the major public health challenges worldwide due to its high prevalence and its metabolic, cardiovascular, economic, and social consequences. The development of this condition is influenced by multiple biological, environmental, and metabolic factors that alter the mechanisms involved in the regulation of appetite and energy balance, making weight loss and long-term weight maintenance difficult. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists represent one of the most significant therapeutic advances in the management of obesity. They are characterized by their ability to act on different biological systems, increasing satiety, reducing appetite, and modulating mechanisms involved in energy homeostasis. The results obtained with drugs such as liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide have demonstrated clinically significant weight reductions, establishing these medications as some of the most effective therapeutic options currently available. This study aims to analyse the role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of obesity in individuals without diabetes, reviewing their mechanism of action, the available clinical evidence, and the main implications derived from their use. Furthermore, the social and media impact associated with these treatments is discussed, highlighting the pharmacist’s role in health education, pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, and the promotion of the rational use of these medications.
Direction
CAMPOS TOIMIL, MANUEL (Tutorships)
CAMPOS TOIMIL, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Design and development of polymeric microneedles for the delivery of cinnamic acid
Authorship
M.L.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.L.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Nowadays, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered a global health threat, accounting for 9% of total mortality. Trans-cinnamic acid is proposed as an agent for bacterial treatments due to its antiseptic and antibiofilm capacity. The objective was to design, synthesize, and physicochemically characterize polymeric microneedles (MNs) for local antibacterial treatments, using trans-cinnamic acid as the active ingredient. MNs offer a transdermal application that is comfortable and painless, solving the low solubility and oral bioavailability of this molecule. Bilayer MNs with 500 micrometers tips were designed using micromolding techniques. Three possible formulations were evaluated: hydrogel-forming MNs based on me-HA/PVP, dissolvable MNs based on PLGA/PVA, and dissolvable MNs based on PVP. Characterization included the use of a magnifying glass, stereoscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Parafilm insertion tests, and permeability tests. The me-HA/PVP-based formulations were inconclusive due to bubble formation inside the patches, attributed to the high viscosity. Patches made with PLGA/PVA were also discarded due to a lack of homogenization between polymers. PVP-based MNs did show homogeneous tips and morphology, both under the stereoscope and SEM. The Parafilm test was satisfactory, achieving 100% penetration in the first layers. A biphasic release profile was obtained, with an initial burst release followed by sustained release. After 48 h, 56.81% of the drug had been released, and the kinetic model that best fit the data was Ritger-Peppas. PVP-based MNs demonstrated manufacturing reproducibility, insertion efficacy, and sustained release capacity over 48 h. This shows the formulation's potential for local treatments with non-antibiotic drugs.
Nowadays, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered a global health threat, accounting for 9% of total mortality. Trans-cinnamic acid is proposed as an agent for bacterial treatments due to its antiseptic and antibiofilm capacity. The objective was to design, synthesize, and physicochemically characterize polymeric microneedles (MNs) for local antibacterial treatments, using trans-cinnamic acid as the active ingredient. MNs offer a transdermal application that is comfortable and painless, solving the low solubility and oral bioavailability of this molecule. Bilayer MNs with 500 micrometers tips were designed using micromolding techniques. Three possible formulations were evaluated: hydrogel-forming MNs based on me-HA/PVP, dissolvable MNs based on PLGA/PVA, and dissolvable MNs based on PVP. Characterization included the use of a magnifying glass, stereoscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Parafilm insertion tests, and permeability tests. The me-HA/PVP-based formulations were inconclusive due to bubble formation inside the patches, attributed to the high viscosity. Patches made with PLGA/PVA were also discarded due to a lack of homogenization between polymers. PVP-based MNs did show homogeneous tips and morphology, both under the stereoscope and SEM. The Parafilm test was satisfactory, achieving 100% penetration in the first layers. A biphasic release profile was obtained, with an initial burst release followed by sustained release. After 48 h, 56.81% of the drug had been released, and the kinetic model that best fit the data was Ritger-Peppas. PVP-based MNs demonstrated manufacturing reproducibility, insertion efficacy, and sustained release capacity over 48 h. This shows the formulation's potential for local treatments with non-antibiotic drugs.
Direction
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Optimization and Application of a 3D Cystogenesis Model for Phenotypic Drug Screening in Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authorship
M.J.L.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.J.L.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the growth of renal cysts and has limited therapeutic options. Therefore, the availability of in vitro models compatible with high-throughput screening (HTS) is crucial. The aim of this work was to optimize and validate a three-dimensional cystogenesis model using MDCK cells for phenotypic HTS assays. Cells were cultured in a collagen matrix in 384-well plates, and cystogenesis was induced with forskolin. The model was analyzed by high-content microscopy, quantifying cell number, cyst number and cyst volume. Forskolin 5 micromolar induced stable cyst formation, increasing cyst number without significantly changing cell number, with the statistical robustness required for HTS application. Pharmacological validation showed that rapamycin reduced cyst number and cyst volume without affecting cell number, whereas birinapant reduced cyst number but showed a less favorable profile. Application of the model to the exploratory screening of a subset of compounds from a repurposing library identified eight compounds with potential anticystogenic activity. Overall, this work enabled the implementation of a reproducible, miniaturizable model compatible with automated image analysis. This model is useful for phenotypic screening studies aimed at identifying drugs with potential interest for ADPKD treatment and provides a methodological basis for establishing an evaluation workflow for more disease-relevant future in vitro studies.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the growth of renal cysts and has limited therapeutic options. Therefore, the availability of in vitro models compatible with high-throughput screening (HTS) is crucial. The aim of this work was to optimize and validate a three-dimensional cystogenesis model using MDCK cells for phenotypic HTS assays. Cells were cultured in a collagen matrix in 384-well plates, and cystogenesis was induced with forskolin. The model was analyzed by high-content microscopy, quantifying cell number, cyst number and cyst volume. Forskolin 5 micromolar induced stable cyst formation, increasing cyst number without significantly changing cell number, with the statistical robustness required for HTS application. Pharmacological validation showed that rapamycin reduced cyst number and cyst volume without affecting cell number, whereas birinapant reduced cyst number but showed a less favorable profile. Application of the model to the exploratory screening of a subset of compounds from a repurposing library identified eight compounds with potential anticystogenic activity. Overall, this work enabled the implementation of a reproducible, miniaturizable model compatible with automated image analysis. This model is useful for phenotypic screening studies aimed at identifying drugs with potential interest for ADPKD treatment and provides a methodological basis for establishing an evaluation workflow for more disease-relevant future in vitro studies.
Direction
MARTINEZ RODRIGUEZ, ANTON LEANDRO (Tutorships)
MARTINEZ RODRIGUEZ, ANTON LEANDRO (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
Transdermal patches for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic-degenerative diseases
Authorship
C.M.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.M.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a major public health challenge due to their high prevalence, progressive nature, and the limitations associated with current treatments. Low drug bioavailability and the difficulty of crossing biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier, significantly reduce therapeutic efficacy. In this context, transdermal drug delivery systems based on microneedles have emerged as an innovative strategy to improve drug release and absorption. These microstructures are capable of overcoming the stratum corneum barrier in a minimally invasive way, enabling controlled drug delivery and improving patient adherence. This work aims to analyze the potential of microneedles as a drug delivery system for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through a review of the available scientific literature. The results show promising advances, particularly in preclinical models for diseases such as Alzheimer´s and Parkinson´s disease. However, their clinical application is still limited due to the lack of human trials, as well as technological and regulatory challenges. In conclusion, microneedles represent a promising alternative for drug delivery in neurodegenerative diseases, although further research is required to ensure their long-term efficacy and safety.
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a major public health challenge due to their high prevalence, progressive nature, and the limitations associated with current treatments. Low drug bioavailability and the difficulty of crossing biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier, significantly reduce therapeutic efficacy. In this context, transdermal drug delivery systems based on microneedles have emerged as an innovative strategy to improve drug release and absorption. These microstructures are capable of overcoming the stratum corneum barrier in a minimally invasive way, enabling controlled drug delivery and improving patient adherence. This work aims to analyze the potential of microneedles as a drug delivery system for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through a review of the available scientific literature. The results show promising advances, particularly in preclinical models for diseases such as Alzheimer´s and Parkinson´s disease. However, their clinical application is still limited due to the lack of human trials, as well as technological and regulatory challenges. In conclusion, microneedles represent a promising alternative for drug delivery in neurodegenerative diseases, although further research is required to ensure their long-term efficacy and safety.
Direction
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Study of the effects of the senescence associated secretory phenotype of peripheral vascular endothelial cells on the blood brain barrier in a coculture model
Authorship
I.M.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
I.M.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Aging is a gradual and irreversible pathophysiological process characterized by the progressive decline of tissue and cellular functions and an increased risk of age related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Among the mechanisms involved, cellular senescence plays a key role, as the accumulation of senescent cells contributes to tissue dysfunction and degeneration. In this context, rapamycin has emerged as a potential strategy to mitigate age associated inflammation through inhibition of the mTOR pathway and modulation of the Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the SASP secretome on an in vitro blood brain barrier (BBB) model consisting of a coculture of endothelial cells and microglia. To this end, the BBB model was exposed to conditioned media obtained from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at different stages of replicative senescence, with or without rapamycin treatment. Barrier integrity was assessed by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins such as claudin 5, and inflammatory markers, including nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and pSTAT 3 over STAT 3. The results showed that replicative senescence of HUVECs exacerbated SASP induced BBB dysfunction, whereas intermittent rapamycin treatment partially attenuated these effects. Furthermore, microglia amplified endothelial damage. These findings support the therapeutic potential of intermittent mTOR inhibition in the peripheral vascular endothelium to preserve BBB integrity during vascular aging and contribute to the prevention or slowing of neurodegenerative diseases.
Aging is a gradual and irreversible pathophysiological process characterized by the progressive decline of tissue and cellular functions and an increased risk of age related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Among the mechanisms involved, cellular senescence plays a key role, as the accumulation of senescent cells contributes to tissue dysfunction and degeneration. In this context, rapamycin has emerged as a potential strategy to mitigate age associated inflammation through inhibition of the mTOR pathway and modulation of the Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the SASP secretome on an in vitro blood brain barrier (BBB) model consisting of a coculture of endothelial cells and microglia. To this end, the BBB model was exposed to conditioned media obtained from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at different stages of replicative senescence, with or without rapamycin treatment. Barrier integrity was assessed by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins such as claudin 5, and inflammatory markers, including nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and pSTAT 3 over STAT 3. The results showed that replicative senescence of HUVECs exacerbated SASP induced BBB dysfunction, whereas intermittent rapamycin treatment partially attenuated these effects. Furthermore, microglia amplified endothelial damage. These findings support the therapeutic potential of intermittent mTOR inhibition in the peripheral vascular endothelium to preserve BBB integrity during vascular aging and contribute to the prevention or slowing of neurodegenerative diseases.
Direction
VIÑA CASTELAO, MARÍA DOLORES (Tutorships)
VIÑA CASTELAO, MARÍA DOLORES (Tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease: early diagnosis, prognosis and potential clinical application
Authorship
M.M.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.M.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, which has made it a serious public health problem, given its high prevalence, the progressive nature of its course, and the impact on the patient, their family, and the health and social care system. In this regard, biomarkers have taken on an important role due to their ability to identify Alzheimer’s disease at an early stage, provide prognostic information and facilitate a more precise characterisation of the disease. This study consists of a critical and up-to-date literature review of biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease, with particular emphasis on biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid, blood and neuroimaging. Similarly, it examines their applicability in preclinical stages, in mild cognitive impairment and in predicting clinical progression. The results indicate that, although significant progress has been made to date, the clinical applicability of biomarkers continues to be constrained by methodological, economic and standardisation limitations, as well as the need for further validation in large and heterogeneous populations. In summary, the combination of biomarkers and the integration of clinical information is currently the most useful strategy for progressing towards earlier diagnosis, better patient stratification and a more personalised approach to Alzheimer’s disease.
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, which has made it a serious public health problem, given its high prevalence, the progressive nature of its course, and the impact on the patient, their family, and the health and social care system. In this regard, biomarkers have taken on an important role due to their ability to identify Alzheimer’s disease at an early stage, provide prognostic information and facilitate a more precise characterisation of the disease. This study consists of a critical and up-to-date literature review of biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease, with particular emphasis on biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid, blood and neuroimaging. Similarly, it examines their applicability in preclinical stages, in mild cognitive impairment and in predicting clinical progression. The results indicate that, although significant progress has been made to date, the clinical applicability of biomarkers continues to be constrained by methodological, economic and standardisation limitations, as well as the need for further validation in large and heterogeneous populations. In summary, the combination of biomarkers and the integration of clinical information is currently the most useful strategy for progressing towards earlier diagnosis, better patient stratification and a more personalised approach to Alzheimer’s disease.
Direction
CAMPOS TOIMIL, MANUEL (Tutorships)
CAMPOS TOIMIL, MANUEL (Tutorships)
Court
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
Nanotechnology and delivery systems for hair products
Authorship
R.M.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
R.M.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Alopecia, dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis and hair damage are common conditions that affect the quality of life of those who suffer from them. Conventional treatments have significant limitations, such as poor follicular penetration, systemic adverse effects and low therapeutic adherence. The aim of this work is to analyze, through a literature review, the nanotechnological advances developed for the treatment of the main hair pathologies, from a pharmaceutical perspective focused on bioavailability, efficacy and safety. Polymeric, lipid and inorganic nanosystems applied to alopecia, dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis and hair damage are analyzed. It is concluded that the efficacy of the nanocarrier depends on the pathology to be treated, and the correct selection of the system is key to optimizing follicular penetration and active ingredient release. Overall, nanotechnology makes it possible to increase the local bioavailability of the active ingredient, reduce systemic exposure and improve the efficacy and safety profile. Its main limitation is the lack of clinical trials in humans, so further research and a clear regulatory framework for cosmeceuticals are required.
Alopecia, dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis and hair damage are common conditions that affect the quality of life of those who suffer from them. Conventional treatments have significant limitations, such as poor follicular penetration, systemic adverse effects and low therapeutic adherence. The aim of this work is to analyze, through a literature review, the nanotechnological advances developed for the treatment of the main hair pathologies, from a pharmaceutical perspective focused on bioavailability, efficacy and safety. Polymeric, lipid and inorganic nanosystems applied to alopecia, dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis and hair damage are analyzed. It is concluded that the efficacy of the nanocarrier depends on the pathology to be treated, and the correct selection of the system is key to optimizing follicular penetration and active ingredient release. Overall, nanotechnology makes it possible to increase the local bioavailability of the active ingredient, reduce systemic exposure and improve the efficacy and safety profile. Its main limitation is the lack of clinical trials in humans, so further research and a clear regulatory framework for cosmeceuticals are required.
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Effect of metformin on the smooth muscle cell of the aorta
Authorship
J.M.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
J.M.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
This Final Degree Project evaluates the functional and bioenergetic impact of micromolar doses of metformin (10 microM and 100 microM) on rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) exposed to chronic glucotoxicity (4.5 g/L glucose for 28 days) to mimetize the diabetic macrovascular environment. A 4-day continuous treatment in a quiescent medium (DMEM 0.1% dFBS) revealed that metformin exerts a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect, reducing cell viability without triggering acute cell lysis. Furthermore, it induced a notable increase in cellular protein content. Real-time respirometric analyses (Seahorse XFe96) at 24 hours demonstrated an early inhibition of the electron transport chain, manifested by devalued basal respiration and a drastic collapse of maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity at the 100 microM dose. This functional blockade strongly correlated with a statistically significant increase in the JC-1 probe ratio at day 4, revealing an anomalous pathological state of apparent hyperpolarization driven by a dysfunctional stagnation of protons within the intermembrane space due to ATP synthase inefficiency. Meanwhile, L-lactate secretion increased progressively over time in all conditions due to glucotoxicity, showing no statistical differences between treatments, like total antioxidant capacity (TAC), which remained unaltered. In conclusion, cumulative micromolar concentrations of metformin abolish their cellular adaptive response margin under metabolic stress.
This Final Degree Project evaluates the functional and bioenergetic impact of micromolar doses of metformin (10 microM and 100 microM) on rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) exposed to chronic glucotoxicity (4.5 g/L glucose for 28 days) to mimetize the diabetic macrovascular environment. A 4-day continuous treatment in a quiescent medium (DMEM 0.1% dFBS) revealed that metformin exerts a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect, reducing cell viability without triggering acute cell lysis. Furthermore, it induced a notable increase in cellular protein content. Real-time respirometric analyses (Seahorse XFe96) at 24 hours demonstrated an early inhibition of the electron transport chain, manifested by devalued basal respiration and a drastic collapse of maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity at the 100 microM dose. This functional blockade strongly correlated with a statistically significant increase in the JC-1 probe ratio at day 4, revealing an anomalous pathological state of apparent hyperpolarization driven by a dysfunctional stagnation of protons within the intermembrane space due to ATP synthase inefficiency. Meanwhile, L-lactate secretion increased progressively over time in all conditions due to glucotoxicity, showing no statistical differences between treatments, like total antioxidant capacity (TAC), which remained unaltered. In conclusion, cumulative micromolar concentrations of metformin abolish their cellular adaptive response margin under metabolic stress.
Direction
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Selective CB2 Receptor Agonists: Therapeutic Potential, Ligands, and Medicinal Chemistry Strategies.
Authorship
H.M.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
H.M.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
The cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) has emerged as a highly promising pharmacological target in disorders associated with neuroinflammation. Unlike the CB1 receptor (CB1R), whose activation is associated with psychoactive effects, CB2R is predominantly expressed in immune system cells and is upregulated within the central nervous system under inflammatory conditions, particularly in activated microglia and reactive astrocytes.This work reviews the role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of the neuroimmune response and examines the therapeutic potential of selective CB2R agonists in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Furthermore, structural aspects of CB2R, insights provided by crystallographic studies, and the main medicinal chemistry principles applied to the design of selective ligands are discussed.Particular attention is given to strategies based on the optimization of heterocyclic scaffolds, lipophilic tails, linkers, and conformational constraints, as well as to the potential of biased agonism for the selective modulation of specific intracellular signaling pathways. Overall, the available evidence suggests that selective CB2R activation represents a promising strategy for reducing neuroinflammation and promoting neuroprotective effects. However, further studies are still required to optimize the safety, selectivity, and clinical translation of these compounds.
The cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) has emerged as a highly promising pharmacological target in disorders associated with neuroinflammation. Unlike the CB1 receptor (CB1R), whose activation is associated with psychoactive effects, CB2R is predominantly expressed in immune system cells and is upregulated within the central nervous system under inflammatory conditions, particularly in activated microglia and reactive astrocytes.This work reviews the role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of the neuroimmune response and examines the therapeutic potential of selective CB2R agonists in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Furthermore, structural aspects of CB2R, insights provided by crystallographic studies, and the main medicinal chemistry principles applied to the design of selective ligands are discussed.Particular attention is given to strategies based on the optimization of heterocyclic scaffolds, lipophilic tails, linkers, and conformational constraints, as well as to the potential of biased agonism for the selective modulation of specific intracellular signaling pathways. Overall, the available evidence suggests that selective CB2R activation represents a promising strategy for reducing neuroinflammation and promoting neuroprotective effects. However, further studies are still required to optimize the safety, selectivity, and clinical translation of these compounds.
Direction
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Use of topical retinoids in dermocosmetics and skin pathologies. Review of its efficacy and safety.
Authorship
P.M.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
P.M.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Topical retinoids are a group of active ingredients that is currently widely used in the field of dermoc osmetics due to their multiple applications, so it is interesting and essential to know both its benefits of use and its possible limitations. This work consists of a bibliographic review whose objective is to analyze the available scientific evidence of the main retinoids used topically, providing an updated and evidence-based view of its role in cosmetics and treatment of cutaneous diseases. Its mechanisms of action, its indications and the strategies of interest to achieve better results after its use will be evaluated, providing greater knowledge in this field and helping to promote a more rational, safe and effective use of these actives.
Topical retinoids are a group of active ingredients that is currently widely used in the field of dermoc osmetics due to their multiple applications, so it is interesting and essential to know both its benefits of use and its possible limitations. This work consists of a bibliographic review whose objective is to analyze the available scientific evidence of the main retinoids used topically, providing an updated and evidence-based view of its role in cosmetics and treatment of cutaneous diseases. Its mechanisms of action, its indications and the strategies of interest to achieve better results after its use will be evaluated, providing greater knowledge in this field and helping to promote a more rational, safe and effective use of these actives.
Direction
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Tutorships)
CSABA , NOEMI STEFANIA (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Current evidence on metabolic pathology in menopause
Authorship
I.M.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
I.M.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
There is evidence that estrogens play a fundamental role in various metabolic processes; therefore, their decline during menopause is often associated with an increased predisposition to a higher body mass index (BMI) and, consequently, the development of obesity, as well as with the redistribution of body fat from a gynoid pattern to an android pattern, in which central adiposity predominates. However, it is still not fully established whether these changes can be directly attributed to the menopausal transition or whether the main influencing factor is chronological aging. As both processes occur simultaneously over time, it is methodologically very difficult to separate them, and this remains a matter of debate in the scientific literature. It is therefore of great importance to clearly understand these mechanisms in order to accurately characterize the changes associated with the climacteric and to optimize the therapeutic management of women experiencing menopause.
There is evidence that estrogens play a fundamental role in various metabolic processes; therefore, their decline during menopause is often associated with an increased predisposition to a higher body mass index (BMI) and, consequently, the development of obesity, as well as with the redistribution of body fat from a gynoid pattern to an android pattern, in which central adiposity predominates. However, it is still not fully established whether these changes can be directly attributed to the menopausal transition or whether the main influencing factor is chronological aging. As both processes occur simultaneously over time, it is methodologically very difficult to separate them, and this remains a matter of debate in the scientific literature. It is therefore of great importance to clearly understand these mechanisms in order to accurately characterize the changes associated with the climacteric and to optimize the therapeutic management of women experiencing menopause.
Direction
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Novel photothermal materials for regenerative medicine
Authorship
C.M.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.M.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Chronic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers, represent a major clinical challenge due to their high prevalence, delayed healing, and risk of infection, recurrence, and amputation. Current treatments mainly focus on infection control and wound closure, but they show limitations in promoting functional tissue regeneration. In this context, tissue engineering, 3D and 4D printing, and the development of stimuli-responsive biomaterials have emerged as promising strategies for the design of new scaffolds for skin regeneration. The aim of this work was to develop scaffolds based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), poly(E-caprolactone) (PCL), and poly(L-lactide-co-E-caprolactone) (PLCL), incorporating a photothermal agent (X) responsive to near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. The scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printing: CMC hydrogels via direct extrusion and PCL and PLCL via melt extrusion. CAD design fidelity, morphology, photothermal agent distribution by SEM and micro-CT, erosion of CMC scaffolds in PBS, and photothermal response were evaluated. The results showed that all formulations enabled the fabrication of porous, reproducible structures with a homogeneous distribution of the photothermal agent. CMC-X scaffolds exhibited progressive erosion and a photothermal response that could be modulated by X concentration. These findings suggest that 3D-printed photothermal scaffolds may represent a promising strategy for future applications in skin regeneration.
Chronic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers, represent a major clinical challenge due to their high prevalence, delayed healing, and risk of infection, recurrence, and amputation. Current treatments mainly focus on infection control and wound closure, but they show limitations in promoting functional tissue regeneration. In this context, tissue engineering, 3D and 4D printing, and the development of stimuli-responsive biomaterials have emerged as promising strategies for the design of new scaffolds for skin regeneration. The aim of this work was to develop scaffolds based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), poly(E-caprolactone) (PCL), and poly(L-lactide-co-E-caprolactone) (PLCL), incorporating a photothermal agent (X) responsive to near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. The scaffolds were fabricated by 3D printing: CMC hydrogels via direct extrusion and PCL and PLCL via melt extrusion. CAD design fidelity, morphology, photothermal agent distribution by SEM and micro-CT, erosion of CMC scaffolds in PBS, and photothermal response were evaluated. The results showed that all formulations enabled the fabrication of porous, reproducible structures with a homogeneous distribution of the photothermal agent. CMC-X scaffolds exhibited progressive erosion and a photothermal response that could be modulated by X concentration. These findings suggest that 3D-printed photothermal scaffolds may represent a promising strategy for future applications in skin regeneration.
Direction
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
The effect of citrate on vascular smooth muscle cell
Authorship
C.N.A.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.N.A.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent condition characterized by progressive renal impairment. Patients have a reduced ability to eliminate substances, resulting in elevated plasma levels of calcium and phosphorus. This imbalance promotes vascular calcification, mainly in the aorta, thereby posing a significant cardiovascular risk. In the final stage of the disease, many patients receive hemodialysis as renal replacement therapy. Acetate is commonly used as an acidifying agent in dialysate; however, due to the multiple disorders it causes in patients, citrate is increasingly being used as a substitute. Citrate is a biocompatible molecule involved in energy metabolism. It offers numerous advantages over acetate: it improves postdialysis clinical parameters, reduces vascular calcification and inflammation, and acts as an anticoagulant within the dialysis circuit. Accordingly, several studies indicate that citrate improves treatment efficacy and patient tolerance. Nevertheless, there is very limited literature on the impact of citrate use on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this study, rat aortic VSMCs were cultured and treated for 28 days with different doses of citrate. At the end of the treatment, cells exposed to clinically used doses showed a significant increase in mitochondrial activity and no cytotoxic potential. In conclusion, the results of this study are consistent with a good tolerance of citrate in dialysate at the VSMC level.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent condition characterized by progressive renal impairment. Patients have a reduced ability to eliminate substances, resulting in elevated plasma levels of calcium and phosphorus. This imbalance promotes vascular calcification, mainly in the aorta, thereby posing a significant cardiovascular risk. In the final stage of the disease, many patients receive hemodialysis as renal replacement therapy. Acetate is commonly used as an acidifying agent in dialysate; however, due to the multiple disorders it causes in patients, citrate is increasingly being used as a substitute. Citrate is a biocompatible molecule involved in energy metabolism. It offers numerous advantages over acetate: it improves postdialysis clinical parameters, reduces vascular calcification and inflammation, and acts as an anticoagulant within the dialysis circuit. Accordingly, several studies indicate that citrate improves treatment efficacy and patient tolerance. Nevertheless, there is very limited literature on the impact of citrate use on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this study, rat aortic VSMCs were cultured and treated for 28 days with different doses of citrate. At the end of the treatment, cells exposed to clinically used doses showed a significant increase in mitochondrial activity and no cytotoxic potential. In conclusion, the results of this study are consistent with a good tolerance of citrate in dialysate at the VSMC level.
Direction
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
VILLA BELLOSTA, RICARDO (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
Fluorescent probes for the study of biological targets
Authorship
R.N.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
R.N.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Fluorescent probes are molecular tools capable of transforming a chemical or biological event into a detectable optical signal, enabling the identification, visualization and real-time monitoring of biomolecules, analytes and cellular processes. Owing to their high sensitivity, selectivity and versatility, they represent highly relevant resources in biomedical research. In this context, the present Bachelor´s Degree Final Project consists of a bibliographic review on the fundamentals of fluorescence, the photophysical properties that determine the behaviour of fluorophores, and the structural criteria that guide the design of fluorescent probes applied to the study of biological targets. Throughout the work, the molecular architecture of these tools is analysed, usually consisting of a fluorophore, a recognition unit and a linker, describing the contribution of each component to the sensitivity, selectivity, affinity and efficiency of the fluorescent response. Particular attention is paid to small-molecule probes and to the factors that determine their experimental applicability. In addition, qualitative bioimaging techniques and quantitative approaches such as FRET, PeT, ICT and fluorescence polarization are reviewed. Finally, applications in pharmacological screening, cellular studies and molecular diagnosis are described, highlighting their usefulness in Alzheimer´s disease.
Fluorescent probes are molecular tools capable of transforming a chemical or biological event into a detectable optical signal, enabling the identification, visualization and real-time monitoring of biomolecules, analytes and cellular processes. Owing to their high sensitivity, selectivity and versatility, they represent highly relevant resources in biomedical research. In this context, the present Bachelor´s Degree Final Project consists of a bibliographic review on the fundamentals of fluorescence, the photophysical properties that determine the behaviour of fluorophores, and the structural criteria that guide the design of fluorescent probes applied to the study of biological targets. Throughout the work, the molecular architecture of these tools is analysed, usually consisting of a fluorophore, a recognition unit and a linker, describing the contribution of each component to the sensitivity, selectivity, affinity and efficiency of the fluorescent response. Particular attention is paid to small-molecule probes and to the factors that determine their experimental applicability. In addition, qualitative bioimaging techniques and quantitative approaches such as FRET, PeT, ICT and fluorescence polarization are reviewed. Finally, applications in pharmacological screening, cellular studies and molecular diagnosis are described, highlighting their usefulness in Alzheimer´s disease.
Direction
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Molecular characterization of Blastocystis sp. in the Iberian wolf.
Authorship
C.O.D.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.O.D.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Blastocystis sp. is one of the most prevalent intestinal protists worldwide and the only member of the Stramenopiles group that infects the intestine of humans and animals. It exhibits remarkable genetic diversity, organised into subtypes, several of which have zoonotic potential. The Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus), in turn, is a large predator distributed across the Iberian Peninsula, particularly the north-west, and constitutes both a host of interest and a sentinel species for the circulation of this parasite in wild ecosystems. The aim of this Final Degree Project was to detect Blastocystis sp. in the faeces of Iberian wolves from Galicia and to molecularly characterise the isolates obtained, under a One Health approach. To this end, 68 faecal samples collected between Septembre 2024 and June 2025 were analysed by conventional PCR of the ssu-rDNA gene followed by electrophoresis, Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, yielding 3 positive samples (overall prevalence of 4,4%). The molecular characterisation confirmed the presence of two zoonotic subtypes: subtype ST1 found in two isolates and subtype ST3 in the remaining positive sample. These results represent the first record of Blastocystis sp. in the Iberian wolf and the first worldwide report subtype ST1 in wolves. Furthermore, ST1 and ST3 are the most common subtypes in the Spanish human population, highlighting the need to monitor this species, which links wild environments with livestock-related and therefore largely human-influenced settings.
Blastocystis sp. is one of the most prevalent intestinal protists worldwide and the only member of the Stramenopiles group that infects the intestine of humans and animals. It exhibits remarkable genetic diversity, organised into subtypes, several of which have zoonotic potential. The Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus), in turn, is a large predator distributed across the Iberian Peninsula, particularly the north-west, and constitutes both a host of interest and a sentinel species for the circulation of this parasite in wild ecosystems. The aim of this Final Degree Project was to detect Blastocystis sp. in the faeces of Iberian wolves from Galicia and to molecularly characterise the isolates obtained, under a One Health approach. To this end, 68 faecal samples collected between Septembre 2024 and June 2025 were analysed by conventional PCR of the ssu-rDNA gene followed by electrophoresis, Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, yielding 3 positive samples (overall prevalence of 4,4%). The molecular characterisation confirmed the presence of two zoonotic subtypes: subtype ST1 found in two isolates and subtype ST3 in the remaining positive sample. These results represent the first record of Blastocystis sp. in the Iberian wolf and the first worldwide report subtype ST1 in wolves. Furthermore, ST1 and ST3 are the most common subtypes in the Spanish human population, highlighting the need to monitor this species, which links wild environments with livestock-related and therefore largely human-influenced settings.
Direction
COUSO PEREZ, SEILA (Tutorships)
COUSO PEREZ, SEILA (Tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
Creatine and protein supplementation in physically active adults: effects on physical performance, body composition and safety
Authorship
M.O.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.O.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Background: In recent years, the use of sports supplements has increased considerably among physically active individuals, particularly creatine and protein supplements. Their use has been associated with improvements in physical performance, body composition, and muscle recovery. However, concerns have also been raised regarding their safety and the scientific evidence supporting their use. Objectives: To analyze the available scientific evidence on the effects of creatine and protein supplementation in physically active adults, with particular attention to physical performance, body composition, and the safety profile of these supplements. Methodology: A literature review was conducted by searching for studies in the PubMed database. Combinations of terms related to creatine, protein supplementation, physical performance, muscle strength, body composition, and safety were used. Studies published between 2010 and 2025 involving physically active adults were included, together with selected earlier studies considered relevant for contextualizing specific aspects of the research topic. Results: The reviewed evidence indicates that creatine supplementation may improve performance in high-intensity, short-duration exercise and may also promote increases in muscle strength and fat-free mass when combined with resistance training. Protein supplementation, on the other hand, has been associated with enhanced muscular adaptations to exercise, particularly in individuals with insufficient protein intake. Regarding safety, most studies did not report clinically relevant alterations in renal or hepatic function in healthy adults, although long-term evidence remains limited. Conclusions: Creatine and protein supplements may be useful tools for optimizing exercise adaptations in physically active individuals. However, their effects depend on factors such as dietary context, training level, and individual characteristics. Therefore, their use should be based on individualized criteria and supported by scientific evidence.
Background: In recent years, the use of sports supplements has increased considerably among physically active individuals, particularly creatine and protein supplements. Their use has been associated with improvements in physical performance, body composition, and muscle recovery. However, concerns have also been raised regarding their safety and the scientific evidence supporting their use. Objectives: To analyze the available scientific evidence on the effects of creatine and protein supplementation in physically active adults, with particular attention to physical performance, body composition, and the safety profile of these supplements. Methodology: A literature review was conducted by searching for studies in the PubMed database. Combinations of terms related to creatine, protein supplementation, physical performance, muscle strength, body composition, and safety were used. Studies published between 2010 and 2025 involving physically active adults were included, together with selected earlier studies considered relevant for contextualizing specific aspects of the research topic. Results: The reviewed evidence indicates that creatine supplementation may improve performance in high-intensity, short-duration exercise and may also promote increases in muscle strength and fat-free mass when combined with resistance training. Protein supplementation, on the other hand, has been associated with enhanced muscular adaptations to exercise, particularly in individuals with insufficient protein intake. Regarding safety, most studies did not report clinically relevant alterations in renal or hepatic function in healthy adults, although long-term evidence remains limited. Conclusions: Creatine and protein supplements may be useful tools for optimizing exercise adaptations in physically active individuals. However, their effects depend on factors such as dietary context, training level, and individual characteristics. Therefore, their use should be based on individualized criteria and supported by scientific evidence.
Direction
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Tutorships)
CAAMAÑO ISORNA, FRANCISCO (Tutorships)
Court
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
Trichinellosis: Evaluation of the Impact of Wild Boar Populations on Reported Cases in Spain (2015 to 2024)
Authorship
S.P.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.P.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Trichinellosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella. Currently, the main source of infection in human hosts is considered to be the consumption of wild boar meat, especially when hunted during closed seasons. This is the source of the main outbreaks that have occurred in recent years, primarily due to Trichinella britovi and T. spiralis. In Spain, trichinellosis is a notifiable disease in both humans and animals and, as such, is subject to epidemiological surveillance. In this study, we aimed to conduct a review to assess the situation of trichinellosis in Spain and review the cases registered in Spain between 2015 and 2024. Simultaneously, we evaluated the potential problems arising from the increase in wild boar populations in Spain and the number of animals hunted, given the exponential increase in the number of wild boar hunted over the last decade.The aim of this study is to conduct a literature review to assess the current situation and the potential problems arising from the increase in wild boar populations in Spain and the growing number of animals hunted. Although there is a direct relationship between the increase in wild boar populations and the number of trichinellosis cases, this association does not appear to be as strong as might be expected. Throughout the study period, the incidence of the disease showed a fluctuating pattern, with alternating increases and decreases in the number of reported cases. This variability appears to be driven primarily by the occurrence of sporadic outbreaks, which can result in a large number of cases, rather than by the gradual growth of wild boar populations. The majority of trichinellosis cases reported during the study period resulted from the consumption of wild boar meat that was processed and consumed outside the official food supply chain without undergoing the sanitary inspections required under current legislation. In contrast, cases associated with meat marketed through legal commercial channels were virtually nonexistent. Consequently, the most effective strategy for reducing the incidence of the disease is to strengthen public health education and raise awareness of the importance of complying with the established inspection and control measures, thereby ensuring the safe and responsible consumption of meat.
Trichinellosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella. Currently, the main source of infection in human hosts is considered to be the consumption of wild boar meat, especially when hunted during closed seasons. This is the source of the main outbreaks that have occurred in recent years, primarily due to Trichinella britovi and T. spiralis. In Spain, trichinellosis is a notifiable disease in both humans and animals and, as such, is subject to epidemiological surveillance. In this study, we aimed to conduct a review to assess the situation of trichinellosis in Spain and review the cases registered in Spain between 2015 and 2024. Simultaneously, we evaluated the potential problems arising from the increase in wild boar populations in Spain and the number of animals hunted, given the exponential increase in the number of wild boar hunted over the last decade.The aim of this study is to conduct a literature review to assess the current situation and the potential problems arising from the increase in wild boar populations in Spain and the growing number of animals hunted. Although there is a direct relationship between the increase in wild boar populations and the number of trichinellosis cases, this association does not appear to be as strong as might be expected. Throughout the study period, the incidence of the disease showed a fluctuating pattern, with alternating increases and decreases in the number of reported cases. This variability appears to be driven primarily by the occurrence of sporadic outbreaks, which can result in a large number of cases, rather than by the gradual growth of wild boar populations. The majority of trichinellosis cases reported during the study period resulted from the consumption of wild boar meat that was processed and consumed outside the official food supply chain without undergoing the sanitary inspections required under current legislation. In contrast, cases associated with meat marketed through legal commercial channels were virtually nonexistent. Consequently, the most effective strategy for reducing the incidence of the disease is to strengthen public health education and raise awareness of the importance of complying with the established inspection and control measures, thereby ensuring the safe and responsible consumption of meat.
Direction
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Tutorships)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
The impact of cannabis use on mental health
Authorship
M.P.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.P.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Cannabis is one of the illicit drugs with the highest rate of consumption worldwide. Its use is on the rise, partly driven by its legalisation in various regions. Likewise, the numerous references to its potential therapeutic benefits mask the real risk posed by exposure to this type of substance. On the other hand, mental health disorders are currently on a rising trend in terms of prevalence, which highlights the need to focus on mental health care. The convergence of these two areas has led to research into the impact of cannabis consumption on mental health. Through a literature review of various databases, a survey of the main problems affecting emotional well-being and driven by the use of this drug was conducted, paying special attention to the biological mechanisms and the predominant risk factors in each case. Psychosis, depression and anxiety, among other, took on particular importance in this project, as they are the most well-documented to date. Early and heavy cannabis use have been shown to be the main determinants of vulnerability. Finally, the results highlighted the need to implement prevention strategies and to raise public awareness of the tangible threats posed by contact with this drug.
Cannabis is one of the illicit drugs with the highest rate of consumption worldwide. Its use is on the rise, partly driven by its legalisation in various regions. Likewise, the numerous references to its potential therapeutic benefits mask the real risk posed by exposure to this type of substance. On the other hand, mental health disorders are currently on a rising trend in terms of prevalence, which highlights the need to focus on mental health care. The convergence of these two areas has led to research into the impact of cannabis consumption on mental health. Through a literature review of various databases, a survey of the main problems affecting emotional well-being and driven by the use of this drug was conducted, paying special attention to the biological mechanisms and the predominant risk factors in each case. Psychosis, depression and anxiety, among other, took on particular importance in this project, as they are the most well-documented to date. Early and heavy cannabis use have been shown to be the main determinants of vulnerability. Finally, the results highlighted the need to implement prevention strategies and to raise public awareness of the tangible threats posed by contact with this drug.
Direction
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
BERMEJO BARRERA, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Anxiety as a cardiovascular risk factor: from pathophysiology to therapeutic approach
Authorship
N.P.D.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
N.P.D.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Introduction and Objectives: Nowadays, the profound clinical impact of anxiety and cardiovascular disorders demands an urgent reappraisal and optimization of their strategies. The main aim of this Bachelor´s Thesis is to analyse the pathophysiological interrelation and the impact of potential treatments. Material and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using reference textbooks, both biomedical and statistical databases and regulatory agencies. To complement the results section, a review of official clinical trial registries was also conducted. Results and Discussion: The analysed data confirm that chronic anxiety triggers a sustained sympathetic and neuroendocrine response, which elevates cardiometabolic risk and accelerates cardiovascular deterioration. In contrast, the frequent use of benzodiazepines poses serious drawbacks, such as residual sedentarism and the long-term development of tolerance and dependence. On the other hand, although antidepressants are the first-line therapeutic choice and offer neuroplastic benefits, the have proven to be a dangerous arrhythmogenic risk factor, which becomes particularly pronounced in advanced age groups. Finally, the modulation of the orexinergic system is explored as a promising future perspective in early stages of development. Conclusions: The close relationship between chronic anxiety and cardiovascular deterioration justifies the need for a multidisciplinary clinical approach. The pharmacist, as a medication expert, plays a key role in optimizing monitoring and promoting safe therapeutic strategies to reduce the impact of this comorbidity.
Introduction and Objectives: Nowadays, the profound clinical impact of anxiety and cardiovascular disorders demands an urgent reappraisal and optimization of their strategies. The main aim of this Bachelor´s Thesis is to analyse the pathophysiological interrelation and the impact of potential treatments. Material and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using reference textbooks, both biomedical and statistical databases and regulatory agencies. To complement the results section, a review of official clinical trial registries was also conducted. Results and Discussion: The analysed data confirm that chronic anxiety triggers a sustained sympathetic and neuroendocrine response, which elevates cardiometabolic risk and accelerates cardiovascular deterioration. In contrast, the frequent use of benzodiazepines poses serious drawbacks, such as residual sedentarism and the long-term development of tolerance and dependence. On the other hand, although antidepressants are the first-line therapeutic choice and offer neuroplastic benefits, the have proven to be a dangerous arrhythmogenic risk factor, which becomes particularly pronounced in advanced age groups. Finally, the modulation of the orexinergic system is explored as a promising future perspective in early stages of development. Conclusions: The close relationship between chronic anxiety and cardiovascular deterioration justifies the need for a multidisciplinary clinical approach. The pharmacist, as a medication expert, plays a key role in optimizing monitoring and promoting safe therapeutic strategies to reduce the impact of this comorbidity.
Direction
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Tutorships)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Development of a vascularized 3D glioblastoma model using bioprinting
Authorship
M.P.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.P.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive brain tumors and is characterized by a highly vascularized and complex microenvironment. The development of three-dimensional (3D) models is essential to study tumor angiogenesis and evaluate new therapeutic strategies. The aim of this work was to develop and characterize a 3D bioprinted model that reproduces key aspects of the vascular microenvironment of GBM. For this purpose, a decellularized extracellular matrix was obtained from porcine brain tissue, and its remanent DNA and protein content were characterized. Then, it was incorporated into a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) based bioink to generate bioprinted hydrogels. The viability and proliferation of HUVEC endothelial cells were evaluated in the hydrogels and compared with two-dimensional cultures. In addition, VEGF secretion was analyzed by ELISA, and the mechanical properties of the hydrogels were characterized using uniaxial compression tests. The results showed that HUVEC remained viable for at least seven days in the 3D model, with more moderate proliferation than in 2D, while maintaining their angiogenic function. The hydrogels showed low mechanical stiffness, compatible with that of brain tissue. Overall, the developed model was suitable for the study of glioblastoma-associated vascularization at an initial level.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive brain tumors and is characterized by a highly vascularized and complex microenvironment. The development of three-dimensional (3D) models is essential to study tumor angiogenesis and evaluate new therapeutic strategies. The aim of this work was to develop and characterize a 3D bioprinted model that reproduces key aspects of the vascular microenvironment of GBM. For this purpose, a decellularized extracellular matrix was obtained from porcine brain tissue, and its remanent DNA and protein content were characterized. Then, it was incorporated into a gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) based bioink to generate bioprinted hydrogels. The viability and proliferation of HUVEC endothelial cells were evaluated in the hydrogels and compared with two-dimensional cultures. In addition, VEGF secretion was analyzed by ELISA, and the mechanical properties of the hydrogels were characterized using uniaxial compression tests. The results showed that HUVEC remained viable for at least seven days in the 3D model, with more moderate proliferation than in 2D, while maintaining their angiogenic function. The hydrogels showed low mechanical stiffness, compatible with that of brain tissue. Overall, the developed model was suitable for the study of glioblastoma-associated vascularization at an initial level.
Direction
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, BARBARA (Tutorships)
BLANCO FERNANDEZ, BARBARA (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
C.P.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.P.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Ultraviolet radiation is one of the most important environmental factors affecting human health. The increase in temperature and growing concern about its harmful effects have led to the implementation of preventive and protective measures against the effects of ultraviolet radiation. Solar filters are the base of the compounds commercialized against ultraviolet radiation. Solar filters are compounds or substances capable to provide a comprehensive skin protection against ultraviolet radiation. The are two types of solar filters: organic filters are compounds that absorb the radiation through different chemical reactions; and inorganic filters, which not only absorb radiation but also reflect it. To carry out this project, a bibliographic review of the most recent scientific literature available in the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and We of Science databases was made to study the impact and evolution of solar filters, as well as to perform a chemical analysis of their components and to examine their biological effects on human health and the environment. Results indicate that solar filters are the safest and most effective photoprotection tool, although they are not without limitations. The development of new strategies together with chemical analysis will allow the development of more effective compounds and the continued advancement of new compounds using tools as artificial intelligence and biotechnology.
Ultraviolet radiation is one of the most important environmental factors affecting human health. The increase in temperature and growing concern about its harmful effects have led to the implementation of preventive and protective measures against the effects of ultraviolet radiation. Solar filters are the base of the compounds commercialized against ultraviolet radiation. Solar filters are compounds or substances capable to provide a comprehensive skin protection against ultraviolet radiation. The are two types of solar filters: organic filters are compounds that absorb the radiation through different chemical reactions; and inorganic filters, which not only absorb radiation but also reflect it. To carry out this project, a bibliographic review of the most recent scientific literature available in the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect and We of Science databases was made to study the impact and evolution of solar filters, as well as to perform a chemical analysis of their components and to examine their biological effects on human health and the environment. Results indicate that solar filters are the safest and most effective photoprotection tool, although they are not without limitations. The development of new strategies together with chemical analysis will allow the development of more effective compounds and the continued advancement of new compounds using tools as artificial intelligence and biotechnology.
Direction
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Role of estrogens in the regulation of food intake mediated by the GIP
Authorship
S.P.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.P.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
New anti-obesity treatments based on GLP-1 and GIP have revolutionized the management of obesity and diabetes. The anti-obesity actions of these drugs occur centrally, acting on neuronal circuits located in the hypothalamus. There is a sexual dimorphism in the response to these drugs, with greater appetite suppression and weight loss in females. The origin of this greater response is unknown. The dimorphism in the pharmacological response could be explained by the action of estradiol, a female sex hormone, on GIP cell signaling in hypothalamic circuits. The estrogen receptor alpha is expressed in the same hypothalamic regions as the GIP receptor, suggesting a possible interaction between both systems. In this study, we investigate the possible influence of estrogens on girp expression through quantification by qpcr and subsequent statistical analysis in hypothalamic samples from mice that underwent ovariectomy with and without subsequent estrogen treatment. The results obtained show significant differences between groups, with lower gipr expression in the ovariectomized group treated with estrogens (ovx eb) compared to the vehicle-treated group (ovx vh). These results rule out that the dimorphism in response to these glp-1 and gip-based anti-obesity drugs is due to a direct action of estrogens on gipr expression. Understanding these mechanisms will allow for the development of more personalized treatments based on sex and hormonal status.
New anti-obesity treatments based on GLP-1 and GIP have revolutionized the management of obesity and diabetes. The anti-obesity actions of these drugs occur centrally, acting on neuronal circuits located in the hypothalamus. There is a sexual dimorphism in the response to these drugs, with greater appetite suppression and weight loss in females. The origin of this greater response is unknown. The dimorphism in the pharmacological response could be explained by the action of estradiol, a female sex hormone, on GIP cell signaling in hypothalamic circuits. The estrogen receptor alpha is expressed in the same hypothalamic regions as the GIP receptor, suggesting a possible interaction between both systems. In this study, we investigate the possible influence of estrogens on girp expression through quantification by qpcr and subsequent statistical analysis in hypothalamic samples from mice that underwent ovariectomy with and without subsequent estrogen treatment. The results obtained show significant differences between groups, with lower gipr expression in the ovariectomized group treated with estrogens (ovx eb) compared to the vehicle-treated group (ovx vh). These results rule out that the dimorphism in response to these glp-1 and gip-based anti-obesity drugs is due to a direct action of estrogens on gipr expression. Understanding these mechanisms will allow for the development of more personalized treatments based on sex and hormonal status.
Direction
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Use of a 3D printer for filling sustained-release drug capsules
Authorship
S.P.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.P.L.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is one of the most innovative technologies in pharmaceutical manufacturing and plays a key role in the advancement of personalized medicine. However, research has mainly focused on immediate-release formulations, whereas its application to the development of sustained-release dosage forms has received limited attention. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize sustained-release paracetamol capsules using semi-solid extrusion (SSE), a widely described 3D printing technique. Multiple formulations were prepared using different excipients to evaluate both their printability and their ability to modulate drug release. Subsequently, their physical properties and dissolution profiles were assessed, and the performance of this manufacturing method was compared with that of a conventional preparation method. Formulations prepared from mixtures of polyethylene glycol 4000 with either cetostearyl alcohol or cetyl alcohol exhibited a homogeneous appearance and suitable rheological properties for 3D printing. The resulting capsules met the established quality requirements. Dissolution studies demonstrated sustained drug release and showed that different doses (5 and 10 mg) of the same formulation exhibited identical release profiles, allowing the same printing ink to be used for the manufacture of capsules containing different drug doses. These findings indicate that the developed formulation represents a viable alternative for the preparation of sustained-release capsules by SSE. Nevertheless, further studies are required to confirm its stability and in vivo performance.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is one of the most innovative technologies in pharmaceutical manufacturing and plays a key role in the advancement of personalized medicine. However, research has mainly focused on immediate-release formulations, whereas its application to the development of sustained-release dosage forms has received limited attention. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize sustained-release paracetamol capsules using semi-solid extrusion (SSE), a widely described 3D printing technique. Multiple formulations were prepared using different excipients to evaluate both their printability and their ability to modulate drug release. Subsequently, their physical properties and dissolution profiles were assessed, and the performance of this manufacturing method was compared with that of a conventional preparation method. Formulations prepared from mixtures of polyethylene glycol 4000 with either cetostearyl alcohol or cetyl alcohol exhibited a homogeneous appearance and suitable rheological properties for 3D printing. The resulting capsules met the established quality requirements. Dissolution studies demonstrated sustained drug release and showed that different doses (5 and 10 mg) of the same formulation exhibited identical release profiles, allowing the same printing ink to be used for the manufacture of capsules containing different drug doses. These findings indicate that the developed formulation represents a viable alternative for the preparation of sustained-release capsules by SSE. Nevertheless, further studies are required to confirm its stability and in vivo performance.
Direction
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Tutorships)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
Nanoparticulate systems for osteoporosis treatment
Authorship
C.L.P.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.L.P.S.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent bone diseases worldwide and is characterized by a progressive decrease in bone mass and an increased risk of fractures. Current treatments have been associated with serious adverse effects, making it necessary to explore new therapeutic strategies. In this context, gene therapy represents a promising approach, as it enables the specific modulation of genes involved in bone remodeling. However, its application requires the development of vectors capable of delivering genetic material to target cells in an effective, specific, and safe manner. In this study, biomimetic nanoparticles coated with membranes derived from extracellular vesicles and loaded with a GapmeR specifically targeting the IKK gene, which is involved in the NF kB pathway and osteoclastogenesis, were developed. For this purpose, RAW 264.7 macrophages were differentiated into osteoclasts through stimulation with M CSF and RANKL, and the osteoclastic phenotype was confirmed by TRAP staining. Subsequently, PLGA polymeric cores loaded with either a control GapmeR or an IKKB targeting GapmeR were synthesized and coated with membranes derived from stem cell extracellular vesicles. The resulting formulations were characterized by DLS and ELS, evaluating size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Finally, the relative expression of IKKB was analyzed by RT qPCR using the 2 AACt method and GAPDH as the reference gene. The data suggest a tendency of the nanoparticles to reduce IKKB expression, supporting their potential as a gene delivery system, although different properties should be optimized to achieve greater gene silencing.
Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent bone diseases worldwide and is characterized by a progressive decrease in bone mass and an increased risk of fractures. Current treatments have been associated with serious adverse effects, making it necessary to explore new therapeutic strategies. In this context, gene therapy represents a promising approach, as it enables the specific modulation of genes involved in bone remodeling. However, its application requires the development of vectors capable of delivering genetic material to target cells in an effective, specific, and safe manner. In this study, biomimetic nanoparticles coated with membranes derived from extracellular vesicles and loaded with a GapmeR specifically targeting the IKK gene, which is involved in the NF kB pathway and osteoclastogenesis, were developed. For this purpose, RAW 264.7 macrophages were differentiated into osteoclasts through stimulation with M CSF and RANKL, and the osteoclastic phenotype was confirmed by TRAP staining. Subsequently, PLGA polymeric cores loaded with either a control GapmeR or an IKKB targeting GapmeR were synthesized and coated with membranes derived from stem cell extracellular vesicles. The resulting formulations were characterized by DLS and ELS, evaluating size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Finally, the relative expression of IKKB was analyzed by RT qPCR using the 2 AACt method and GAPDH as the reference gene. The data suggest a tendency of the nanoparticles to reduce IKKB expression, supporting their potential as a gene delivery system, although different properties should be optimized to achieve greater gene silencing.
Direction
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
DIAZ RODRIGUEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Catechol-functionalized pectin aerogels for the controlled release of ciprofloxacin.
Authorship
P.P.O.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
P.P.O.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
The development of advanced controlled drug delivery systems constitutes a strategy of great interest in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields, as it allows therapeutic efficacy to be improved, the frequency of administration to be reduced, and the adverse effects resulting from systemic exposure to be limited. In this context, aerogels based on natural biopolymers represent a promising alternative due to their high porosity, low density, large surface area, and ability to incorporate active substances within their structure. In this work, pectin aerogels functionalized with catechol groups were designed through the coupling of dopamine to the polymer chain, with the aim of obtaining porous matrices capable of incorporating and releasing ciprofloxacin in a controlled manner. The pectin was functionalized using EDC/NHS chemistry and was subsequently used to prepare aerogels through ionic gelation with CaCl2, solvent exchange with ethanol, and supercritical drying with CO2. The materials were characterized using physicochemical and morphological techniques, including FTIR, NMR, BET, helium pycnometry, and SEM. The spectroscopic results confirmed the incorporation of dopamine and the presence of interactions between the pectin-dopamine matrix and ciprofloxacin. The aerogels showed high surface areas and pore diameters within the mesoporous range; SEM microscopy revealed an interconnected three-dimensional structure, and assays in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 demonstrated a progressive release of the antibiotic. Overall, these results supported the potential of catechol-functionalized pectin aerogels as localized and sustained ciprofloxacin delivery systems.
The development of advanced controlled drug delivery systems constitutes a strategy of great interest in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields, as it allows therapeutic efficacy to be improved, the frequency of administration to be reduced, and the adverse effects resulting from systemic exposure to be limited. In this context, aerogels based on natural biopolymers represent a promising alternative due to their high porosity, low density, large surface area, and ability to incorporate active substances within their structure. In this work, pectin aerogels functionalized with catechol groups were designed through the coupling of dopamine to the polymer chain, with the aim of obtaining porous matrices capable of incorporating and releasing ciprofloxacin in a controlled manner. The pectin was functionalized using EDC/NHS chemistry and was subsequently used to prepare aerogels through ionic gelation with CaCl2, solvent exchange with ethanol, and supercritical drying with CO2. The materials were characterized using physicochemical and morphological techniques, including FTIR, NMR, BET, helium pycnometry, and SEM. The spectroscopic results confirmed the incorporation of dopamine and the presence of interactions between the pectin-dopamine matrix and ciprofloxacin. The aerogels showed high surface areas and pore diameters within the mesoporous range; SEM microscopy revealed an interconnected three-dimensional structure, and assays in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 demonstrated a progressive release of the antibiotic. Overall, these results supported the potential of catechol-functionalized pectin aerogels as localized and sustained ciprofloxacin delivery systems.
Direction
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
The pharmacist´s role in counseling and rational use of nutritional supplements of pharmacological interest
Authorship
S.P.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
S.P.F.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
This undergraduate thesis consists of a literature review focused on pharmaceutical care related to supplements with pharmacological activity. Following a survey and an analysis of sales at the pharmacy where I am undertaking my supervised placement, the most commonly purchased supplements are: vitamin D, magnesium, vitamin B12, omega-3 and melatonin. Vitamin D can be obtained from sunlight and, to a lesser extent, from food. The form most commonly used in supplementation is cholecalciferol, with a daily dose of 400 to 4,000 IU. Magnesium is a cation that we obtain through our diet. It can be found in the form of various salts, which differ in their bioavailability. Daily supplement doses range from 105 to 500 mg. Vitamin B12 is found in foods of animal origin. The most commonly used form is cyanocobalamin, due to its stability. Daily supplement doses range from 2.5 to 2,500 micrograms. Omega-3 can be found in the form of ALA, EPA or DHA. The later two are found in supplements, whilst ALA is of plant origin and is converted into them to a limited extent. Daily doses of EPA + DHA supplements range from 180 to 2,400 mg. Melatonin is a hormone associated with inducing sleep. Daily doses used in supplementation range from 1 to 1.99 mg.
This undergraduate thesis consists of a literature review focused on pharmaceutical care related to supplements with pharmacological activity. Following a survey and an analysis of sales at the pharmacy where I am undertaking my supervised placement, the most commonly purchased supplements are: vitamin D, magnesium, vitamin B12, omega-3 and melatonin. Vitamin D can be obtained from sunlight and, to a lesser extent, from food. The form most commonly used in supplementation is cholecalciferol, with a daily dose of 400 to 4,000 IU. Magnesium is a cation that we obtain through our diet. It can be found in the form of various salts, which differ in their bioavailability. Daily supplement doses range from 105 to 500 mg. Vitamin B12 is found in foods of animal origin. The most commonly used form is cyanocobalamin, due to its stability. Daily supplement doses range from 2.5 to 2,500 micrograms. Omega-3 can be found in the form of ALA, EPA or DHA. The later two are found in supplements, whilst ALA is of plant origin and is converted into them to a limited extent. Daily doses of EPA + DHA supplements range from 180 to 2,400 mg. Melatonin is a hormone associated with inducing sleep. Daily doses used in supplementation range from 1 to 1.99 mg.
Direction
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Tutorships)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) alterations in cancer-associated cachexia
Authorship
R.P.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
R.P.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Cancer-associated cachexia is a common pathology in people with advanced-stage cancer. It is a multifactorial syndrome, which causes a state of severe malnutrition accompanied by severe weight loss, muscle atrophy, and loss of appetite. It is due to metabolic alterations and inflammatory processes, and not only to the reduction of intake. It is known that one of the main causes of this disease is the tumor-host interaction and the activation of cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines could enter the central nervous system (CNS) due to the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), promoting the activation of astrocytes and microglia, causing neuroinflammation in hypothalamic regions responsible for regulating energy balance and metabolism. Achieving an understanding of which pathways cause the disruption of the BBB would help develop new treatments to improve the quality of life of patients. In this work, a simple in vitro BBB model was used to evaluate the damage caused by serums from mice with cachexia produced by Lewis lung carcinoma. The toxicity of the serums, its effects on the integrity of the barrier, and the activation of inflammatory pathways were evaluated. Serums from mice with cachexia produce a non-significant and concentration-dependent decrease in the viability of bEnd.3 brain microvasculature cells and a disruption of the barrier that is probably mediated by the degradation and internalization of claudin-5. However, this barrier disruption appears to be independent of the activation of the p-STAT-3/STAT-3 and iNOS inflammatory pathways.
Cancer-associated cachexia is a common pathology in people with advanced-stage cancer. It is a multifactorial syndrome, which causes a state of severe malnutrition accompanied by severe weight loss, muscle atrophy, and loss of appetite. It is due to metabolic alterations and inflammatory processes, and not only to the reduction of intake. It is known that one of the main causes of this disease is the tumor-host interaction and the activation of cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines could enter the central nervous system (CNS) due to the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), promoting the activation of astrocytes and microglia, causing neuroinflammation in hypothalamic regions responsible for regulating energy balance and metabolism. Achieving an understanding of which pathways cause the disruption of the BBB would help develop new treatments to improve the quality of life of patients. In this work, a simple in vitro BBB model was used to evaluate the damage caused by serums from mice with cachexia produced by Lewis lung carcinoma. The toxicity of the serums, its effects on the integrity of the barrier, and the activation of inflammatory pathways were evaluated. Serums from mice with cachexia produce a non-significant and concentration-dependent decrease in the viability of bEnd.3 brain microvasculature cells and a disruption of the barrier that is probably mediated by the degradation and internalization of claudin-5. However, this barrier disruption appears to be independent of the activation of the p-STAT-3/STAT-3 and iNOS inflammatory pathways.
Direction
VIÑA CASTELAO, MARÍA DOLORES (Tutorships)
VIÑA CASTELAO, MARÍA DOLORES (Tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Gut Microbiota and anxiety. Is psychobiotic therapy the future?
Authorship
L.P.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.P.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
The gut microbiota is considered by many to be our second brain, as it produces catecholamines such as dopamine, which is fundamental in the reward system and directly involved in mood. Given that anxiety disorder is a pathology with significant prevalence worldwide and that it affects all types ofl population groups, it i not surprising that studies to assess the relationship between both factors have increased in recent years. In this paper, we will put the pathology into context and try to condense the scientific information known to date on how an intestinal disorder can play an important role in the pathophysiology of a mental disorder. The pathways used by the digestive system and the nervous system to communicate Will be explained, as well as how these can be modified depending on the composition of our microbiota. Finally, the capacity of psychobiotic therapy as a treatment for anxiety disorder and its position in current clinical practice will be assessed.
The gut microbiota is considered by many to be our second brain, as it produces catecholamines such as dopamine, which is fundamental in the reward system and directly involved in mood. Given that anxiety disorder is a pathology with significant prevalence worldwide and that it affects all types ofl population groups, it i not surprising that studies to assess the relationship between both factors have increased in recent years. In this paper, we will put the pathology into context and try to condense the scientific information known to date on how an intestinal disorder can play an important role in the pathophysiology of a mental disorder. The pathways used by the digestive system and the nervous system to communicate Will be explained, as well as how these can be modified depending on the composition of our microbiota. Finally, the capacity of psychobiotic therapy as a treatment for anxiety disorder and its position in current clinical practice will be assessed.
Direction
MANCEBO SEOANE, MARIA JOSE (Tutorships)
MANCEBO SEOANE, MARIA JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Application of microCT in the non-destructive quality control of solid oral pharmaceutical dosage forms
Authorship
D.P.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
D.P.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Computed microtomography (microCT) is a non-destructive, non-invasive technique with great potential for quality control of solid dosage forms, as it allows the study of their internal microstructure in 3 dimensions without destroying the sample. In this work, its application was evaluated for the analysis of tablets containing paracetamol, starch, and mixtures of both components in different proportions, with the target of characterizing content uniformity, spatial distribution of components, porosity, fractures, and coating thickness, based on the criteria of the Spanish Pharmacopoeia. In order to it, a workflow involving scanning, reconstruction, and 3D analysis was developed using specific Bruker software and its corresponding settings. The results showed that microCT can differentiate materials and characterize their internal distribution, although thresholding remains the most critical and operator-dependent step. In the particle size analysis, the pure paracetamol tablet was the one that best preserved the original properties of the material, whereas one of the mixtures produced contradictory results. Regarding porosity, clear differences were observed among formulations: tablets with a higher proportion of starch tended to present more porous structures with smaller pores, whereas paracetamol-rich tablets showed fewer but larger pores. Overall, the study confirms that composition and compression process have a decisive influence on tablet microstructure.
Computed microtomography (microCT) is a non-destructive, non-invasive technique with great potential for quality control of solid dosage forms, as it allows the study of their internal microstructure in 3 dimensions without destroying the sample. In this work, its application was evaluated for the analysis of tablets containing paracetamol, starch, and mixtures of both components in different proportions, with the target of characterizing content uniformity, spatial distribution of components, porosity, fractures, and coating thickness, based on the criteria of the Spanish Pharmacopoeia. In order to it, a workflow involving scanning, reconstruction, and 3D analysis was developed using specific Bruker software and its corresponding settings. The results showed that microCT can differentiate materials and characterize their internal distribution, although thresholding remains the most critical and operator-dependent step. In the particle size analysis, the pure paracetamol tablet was the one that best preserved the original properties of the material, whereas one of the mixtures produced contradictory results. Regarding porosity, clear differences were observed among formulations: tablets with a higher proportion of starch tended to present more porous structures with smaller pores, whereas paracetamol-rich tablets showed fewer but larger pores. Overall, the study confirms that composition and compression process have a decisive influence on tablet microstructure.
Direction
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
DIAZ GOMEZ, LUIS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
3D printing as a strategy for skin regeneration and wound healing
Authorship
N.R.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
N.R.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays essential roles in protection, homeostasis, thermoregulation, and immune response. The repair of skin injuries remains a major clinical challenge, particularly in the case of extensive or chronic wounds, driving the development of novel strategies based on tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a bioink composed of sodium alginate and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) loaded with human dermal fibroblasts for the fabrication of 3D-bioprinted constructs by extrusion-based bioprinting, with potential applications in skin regeneration. The developed bioink exhibited suitable viscosity for the printing process, enabling the fabrication of constructs with good shape fidelity. Crosslinking with Ca2+ provided immediate structural stability and integrity to the printed constructs. Cytocompatibility assays demonstrated high cell viability throughout the seven-day culture period, with no evidence of cytotoxicity associated with either the biomaterial or the bioprinting process. Furthermore, no significant cell proliferation was observed, which was attributed to the lack of bioactive celladhesion motifs in alginate. These findings indicate that the combination of CNFs and alginate represents a suitable bioink for the 3D bioprinting of constructs for skin regeneration applications. However, further modifications of the biomaterial will be required to promote cell adhesion and proliferation, thereby enhancing its therapeutic potential.
Skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays essential roles in protection, homeostasis, thermoregulation, and immune response. The repair of skin injuries remains a major clinical challenge, particularly in the case of extensive or chronic wounds, driving the development of novel strategies based on tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a bioink composed of sodium alginate and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) loaded with human dermal fibroblasts for the fabrication of 3D-bioprinted constructs by extrusion-based bioprinting, with potential applications in skin regeneration. The developed bioink exhibited suitable viscosity for the printing process, enabling the fabrication of constructs with good shape fidelity. Crosslinking with Ca2+ provided immediate structural stability and integrity to the printed constructs. Cytocompatibility assays demonstrated high cell viability throughout the seven-day culture period, with no evidence of cytotoxicity associated with either the biomaterial or the bioprinting process. Furthermore, no significant cell proliferation was observed, which was attributed to the lack of bioactive celladhesion motifs in alginate. These findings indicate that the combination of CNFs and alginate represents a suitable bioink for the 3D bioprinting of constructs for skin regeneration applications. However, further modifications of the biomaterial will be required to promote cell adhesion and proliferation, thereby enhancing its therapeutic potential.
Direction
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Cardio-oncology: evolution of the cardiovascular approach of the cancer patient in the era of new antineoplastic therapies
Authorship
E.R.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
E.R.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Advances in cancer treatment have improved patient survival, but also increased the incidence of cardiovascular complications associated with antineoplastic therapies. This drives the development of cardio-oncology, a discipline aimed at preventing, detecting and treating cardiotoxicity, favoring the continuity of cancer treatment. The objective of this work was to review the impact of pharmacotherapeutic monitoring protocols in cardio-oncology, analyzing the cardiotoxicity of antineoplastic therapies, specialized units, new therapeutic strategies, especially the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and the situation of this discipline in Spain. A narrative literature review was carried out through searches in PubMed, documentation of scientific societies and national and international organizations. Recent publications were selected, supplemented with the guidelines and with the assistance protocol of the cardio- oncology unit of the Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. The review showed that cardio-oncology is key to preventing and monitoring cardiotoxicity through individualized risk assessment and a multidisciplinary approach. Also, ICIs have a different cardiotoxicity profile than conventional chemotherapy, which requires adapting monitoring protocols. Although this discipline is consolidated in Spain, limitations persist in the implementation of units and standardization of protocols. The development of new diagnostic and preventive tools will be fundamental to improve prognosis and quality of life for cancer patients.
Advances in cancer treatment have improved patient survival, but also increased the incidence of cardiovascular complications associated with antineoplastic therapies. This drives the development of cardio-oncology, a discipline aimed at preventing, detecting and treating cardiotoxicity, favoring the continuity of cancer treatment. The objective of this work was to review the impact of pharmacotherapeutic monitoring protocols in cardio-oncology, analyzing the cardiotoxicity of antineoplastic therapies, specialized units, new therapeutic strategies, especially the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and the situation of this discipline in Spain. A narrative literature review was carried out through searches in PubMed, documentation of scientific societies and national and international organizations. Recent publications were selected, supplemented with the guidelines and with the assistance protocol of the cardio- oncology unit of the Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. The review showed that cardio-oncology is key to preventing and monitoring cardiotoxicity through individualized risk assessment and a multidisciplinary approach. Also, ICIs have a different cardiotoxicity profile than conventional chemotherapy, which requires adapting monitoring protocols. Although this discipline is consolidated in Spain, limitations persist in the implementation of units and standardization of protocols. The development of new diagnostic and preventive tools will be fundamental to improve prognosis and quality of life for cancer patients.
Direction
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ CASTRO, EZEQUIEL (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Study of the antioxidant and permeation properties of a nail lacquer designed for the regeneration of the nail plate
Authorship
L.R.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.R.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
The treatment of nail pathologies faces a significant challenge due to the low permeability of the nail plate. To overcome this barrier, hydrophilic lacquers have been used as vehicles for the sustained release of active ingredients into bare nails. This study evaluates the penetration and transungual permeation capacity of topical lacquer formulations applied to previously polished nails using in vivo and ex vivo models. Methods such as DPPH radical inhibition and the study of affinity for cosmetic lacquers by analyzing the contact angle were employed. Structural penetration into nails was also analyzed using confocal microscopy, and the ex vivo retention of biotin in polished nails was quantified
The treatment of nail pathologies faces a significant challenge due to the low permeability of the nail plate. To overcome this barrier, hydrophilic lacquers have been used as vehicles for the sustained release of active ingredients into bare nails. This study evaluates the penetration and transungual permeation capacity of topical lacquer formulations applied to previously polished nails using in vivo and ex vivo models. Methods such as DPPH radical inhibition and the study of affinity for cosmetic lacquers by analyzing the contact angle were employed. Structural penetration into nails was also analyzed using confocal microscopy, and the ex vivo retention of biotin in polished nails was quantified
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Undergraduate dissertation
Authorship
A.R.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.R.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication within the vascular system, modulating hemostatic and endothelial processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pro-activating effect of extracellular vesicles derived from activated platelets (EVs-PFPa) and vesicles present in platelet-free plasma under basal conditions (EVs-PFP) on resting platelets, as well as to determine their impact on gene expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication within the vascular system, modulating hemostatic and endothelial processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pro-activating effect of extracellular vesicles derived from activated platelets (EVs-PFPa) and vesicles present in platelet-free plasma under basal conditions (EVs-PFP) on resting platelets, as well as to determine their impact on gene expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
Direction
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Tutorships)
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
Analysis of the european atlantic diet: analysis of its molecular basis and longevity
Authorship
M.D.P.R.D.L.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.D.P.R.D.L.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
The Atlantic diet and its variants, such as the Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEAD), constitute a dietary pattern characteristic of certain European regions. Although it is not among the most extensively studied, it presents wide-ranging health benefits. The explanation for these benefits lies in the chemical analysis of the foods themselves.Cruciferous vegetables, fish and fruit, among others, are rich in a variety of molecules that trigger diverse metabolic pathways whose outcome is the protection of the body against damage and disease. Compounds such as omega-3 fatty acids, glucosinolates and polyphenols are the main protagonists of this diet. Accordingly, several clinical studies provide data demonstrating the protective effect of this diet. Longevity is closely interconnected with this diet. Regions in the province of Ourense that remain faithful to the Atlantic diet show a centenarian rate higher than that of other locations, data that could be related to the so-called blue zones. However, genetics cannot be overlooked either, as it greatly influences morbidity, mortality, and longevity itself. Further information and research are still needed, but diet, as one of the modifiable factors in a person's life, stands out as one of the main measures for disease prevention and health promotion. For this reason, the Atlantic diet is a key dietary pattern to follow.
The Atlantic diet and its variants, such as the Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEAD), constitute a dietary pattern characteristic of certain European regions. Although it is not among the most extensively studied, it presents wide-ranging health benefits. The explanation for these benefits lies in the chemical analysis of the foods themselves.Cruciferous vegetables, fish and fruit, among others, are rich in a variety of molecules that trigger diverse metabolic pathways whose outcome is the protection of the body against damage and disease. Compounds such as omega-3 fatty acids, glucosinolates and polyphenols are the main protagonists of this diet. Accordingly, several clinical studies provide data demonstrating the protective effect of this diet. Longevity is closely interconnected with this diet. Regions in the province of Ourense that remain faithful to the Atlantic diet show a centenarian rate higher than that of other locations, data that could be related to the so-called blue zones. However, genetics cannot be overlooked either, as it greatly influences morbidity, mortality, and longevity itself. Further information and research are still needed, but diet, as one of the modifiable factors in a person's life, stands out as one of the main measures for disease prevention and health promotion. For this reason, the Atlantic diet is a key dietary pattern to follow.
Direction
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Ergot of Rye past, present and future in Galicia
Authorship
D.R.J.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
D.R.J.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Ergot of rye (Claviceps purpurea) is a phytopathogenic ascomycete fungus whose relevance extends far beyond botany. This work presents a bibliographic review of its taxonomy, morphology, life cycle, toxicity, historical impact and pharmacological applications, with particular attention to Galicia. The study describes its complex biological cycle, including sclerotium formation, honeydew production and conidial dispersion, as well as its ability to synthesize ergot alkaloids responsible for ergotism. This poisoning, which may appear in gangrenous or convulsive forms, had a major influence on European history and has been linked to Saint Anthony’s Fire, episodes of collective hysteria and witchcraft trials. The review also examines the relationship between ergot and Galicia, where climatic conditions, rye cultivation and the collection of “caruncho” gave the fungus considerable economic importance during the twentieth century. Its exploitation contributed to the development of the Galician pharmaceutical industry, especially through Laboratorios Zeltia. Finally, the work reviews the main pharmacological derivatives of ergot, such as ergotamine, ergometrine and other alkaloids used in migraine, postpartum haemorrhage and dopaminergic disorders, while also considering future perspectives based on fermentation technologies and biotechnology.
Ergot of rye (Claviceps purpurea) is a phytopathogenic ascomycete fungus whose relevance extends far beyond botany. This work presents a bibliographic review of its taxonomy, morphology, life cycle, toxicity, historical impact and pharmacological applications, with particular attention to Galicia. The study describes its complex biological cycle, including sclerotium formation, honeydew production and conidial dispersion, as well as its ability to synthesize ergot alkaloids responsible for ergotism. This poisoning, which may appear in gangrenous or convulsive forms, had a major influence on European history and has been linked to Saint Anthony’s Fire, episodes of collective hysteria and witchcraft trials. The review also examines the relationship between ergot and Galicia, where climatic conditions, rye cultivation and the collection of “caruncho” gave the fungus considerable economic importance during the twentieth century. Its exploitation contributed to the development of the Galician pharmaceutical industry, especially through Laboratorios Zeltia. Finally, the work reviews the main pharmacological derivatives of ergot, such as ergotamine, ergometrine and other alkaloids used in migraine, postpartum haemorrhage and dopaminergic disorders, while also considering future perspectives based on fermentation technologies and biotechnology.
Direction
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
Self-assembly of amyloid peptides for obtaining antimicrobial nanomaterials
Authorship
C.R.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.R.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
In recent years, nanotechnology has paved the way for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for drug delivery. One of the most promising approaches is self-assembly, based on supramolecular chemistry, which allows the spontaneous organization of molecules into functional nanostructures through non-covalent and reversible interactions. Peptide-based designs offer the greatest advantages due to their biocompatibility, biochemical, and biophysical properties. In this work, we present the antibacterial activity of a self-assembled peptide based on the cysteine-phenylalanine-phenylalanine sequence, which possesses a conjugated carbohydrate with a dual function: control of self-assembly and specific targeting into bacteria. By conjugating a bulky, polar group (i.e. carbohydrate), we can inhibit the spontaneous nanofiber organization of the peptide precursor and direct this assembly specifically to the bacterial interior. The study demonstrated the reversible inhibition of self-assembly and its recovery under reducing conditions that simulate the bacterial cytosol. Biological studies revealed the need to use more complex carbohydrates that allow the compound to be internalized within the cell. These results represent a first step in the design of antimicrobial nanostructures, presenting an alternative mechanism of action to conventional antimicrobials.
In recent years, nanotechnology has paved the way for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for drug delivery. One of the most promising approaches is self-assembly, based on supramolecular chemistry, which allows the spontaneous organization of molecules into functional nanostructures through non-covalent and reversible interactions. Peptide-based designs offer the greatest advantages due to their biocompatibility, biochemical, and biophysical properties. In this work, we present the antibacterial activity of a self-assembled peptide based on the cysteine-phenylalanine-phenylalanine sequence, which possesses a conjugated carbohydrate with a dual function: control of self-assembly and specific targeting into bacteria. By conjugating a bulky, polar group (i.e. carbohydrate), we can inhibit the spontaneous nanofiber organization of the peptide precursor and direct this assembly specifically to the bacterial interior. The study demonstrated the reversible inhibition of self-assembly and its recovery under reducing conditions that simulate the bacterial cytosol. Biological studies revealed the need to use more complex carbohydrates that allow the compound to be internalized within the cell. These results represent a first step in the design of antimicrobial nanostructures, presenting an alternative mechanism of action to conventional antimicrobials.
Direction
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Tutorships)
INSUA LOPEZ, IGNACIO (Tutorships)
Court
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
Brown adipose tissue as a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases
Authorship
D.R.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
D.R.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Obesity, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemias are highly prevalent metabolic disorders with a major impact on public health. Historically, brown adipose tissue was considered a mainly thermoregulatory organ; however, in recent years it has gained relevance as a potential therapeutic target due to its ability to modulate energy, glucose and lipid homeostasis. The aim of this Final Degree Project was to evaluate, through a systematised bibliographic review, the potential of brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue browning as therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders. The studies reviewed show that brown adipose tissue activation may increase energy expenditure, improve insulin sensitivity and promote the clearance of glucose, free fatty acids and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. However, its effect on weight or fat mass reduction in obesity is limited and inconsistent. In addition, the amount and activity of brown adipose tissue decrease with age, body mass index and visceral adiposity, which hinders its clinical translation in the patients who could benefit most from this approach. Pharmacological activation, particularly through beta3-adrenergic agonists such as mirabegron, has shown promising metabolic results, although it is limited by cardiovascular effects. Therefore, the development of strategies capable of inducing browning or selectively and safely activating thermogenic tissue will be essential for its future clinical application.
Obesity, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemias are highly prevalent metabolic disorders with a major impact on public health. Historically, brown adipose tissue was considered a mainly thermoregulatory organ; however, in recent years it has gained relevance as a potential therapeutic target due to its ability to modulate energy, glucose and lipid homeostasis. The aim of this Final Degree Project was to evaluate, through a systematised bibliographic review, the potential of brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue browning as therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders. The studies reviewed show that brown adipose tissue activation may increase energy expenditure, improve insulin sensitivity and promote the clearance of glucose, free fatty acids and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. However, its effect on weight or fat mass reduction in obesity is limited and inconsistent. In addition, the amount and activity of brown adipose tissue decrease with age, body mass index and visceral adiposity, which hinders its clinical translation in the patients who could benefit most from this approach. Pharmacological activation, particularly through beta3-adrenergic agonists such as mirabegron, has shown promising metabolic results, although it is limited by cardiovascular effects. Therefore, the development of strategies capable of inducing browning or selectively and safely activating thermogenic tissue will be essential for its future clinical application.
Direction
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Tutorships)
GONZALEZ GARCIA, ISMAEL (Tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Brain cholesterol in neurodegenerative diseases and statins as a therapeutic option
Authorship
L.R.D.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.R.D.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, represent a major current healthcare challenge due to their high prevalence and the lack of effective treatments. In recent years, brain cholesterol metabolism has gained particular relevance because of its potential involvement in the development and progression of these conditions. Cholesterol performs numerous essential functions in the central nervous system (CNS). Its homeostasis depends on complex mechanisms in which the blood-brain barrier (BBB), oxysterols, apolipoprotein E, and the enzyme cholesterol 24-hydroxylase play a key role. Abnormal cholesterol levels have been associated with the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease, as well as alpha-synuclein aggregates, characteristic of Parkinson’s diasease. This has driven the search for new therapeutic strategies, with brain cholesterol as a primary target. Statins have attracted growing interest due to their potential neuroprotective effects that go beyond the reduction of cholesterol synthesis, highlighting their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, vascular and BBB-stabilizing properties. Observational studies suggest that their long-term use may be associated with a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, particularly in certain patient populations and under specific treatment conditions. However, clinical trials conducted to date have not demonstrated clear and conclusive significant benefits on the progression of these diseases, generating considerable scientific controversy. Therefore, further research is needed on the role of statins, as well as other lipid-lowering drugs, as potential therapeutic tools against neurodegenerative diseases.
Neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, represent a major current healthcare challenge due to their high prevalence and the lack of effective treatments. In recent years, brain cholesterol metabolism has gained particular relevance because of its potential involvement in the development and progression of these conditions. Cholesterol performs numerous essential functions in the central nervous system (CNS). Its homeostasis depends on complex mechanisms in which the blood-brain barrier (BBB), oxysterols, apolipoprotein E, and the enzyme cholesterol 24-hydroxylase play a key role. Abnormal cholesterol levels have been associated with the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease, as well as alpha-synuclein aggregates, characteristic of Parkinson’s diasease. This has driven the search for new therapeutic strategies, with brain cholesterol as a primary target. Statins have attracted growing interest due to their potential neuroprotective effects that go beyond the reduction of cholesterol synthesis, highlighting their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, vascular and BBB-stabilizing properties. Observational studies suggest that their long-term use may be associated with a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, particularly in certain patient populations and under specific treatment conditions. However, clinical trials conducted to date have not demonstrated clear and conclusive significant benefits on the progression of these diseases, generating considerable scientific controversy. Therefore, further research is needed on the role of statins, as well as other lipid-lowering drugs, as potential therapeutic tools against neurodegenerative diseases.
Direction
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Tutorships)
FERNANDEZ MASAGUER, JORGE CHRISTIAN (Tutorships)
Court
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Chairman)
RIAL HERMIDA, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
MARTINEZ TRONCOSO, OSCAR (Member)
Design and Synthesis of New Piperazine Derivatives as Potential Analgesics
Authorship
D.S.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
D.S.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Analgesics are essential therapeutic tools for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. However, classical opioids, particularly mu-opioid receptor agonists, present important limitations related to respiratory depression, tolerance, dependence, and abuse potential. Consequently, there is increasing interest in developing new analgesics with diverse chemical structures and differentiated pharmacological profiles, able to maintain efficacy while improving safety. In this context, the present project focused on the design and synthesis of new derivatives inspired by fentanyl, a potent and structurally simple synthetic opioid. The design strategy was based on bioisosteric modifications intended to alter the interaction profile with opioid receptors. Specifically, key structural elements of fentanyl were modified to generate piperazine and homopiperazine derivatives with reduced lipophilicity, a stereogenic center, and new potential molecular interactions. The compounds were synthesized through a three-component Ugi multicomponent reaction and characterized by NMR and HPLC-MS. Preliminary functional evaluation of three derivatives against mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors revealed differentiated pharmacological profiles. Notably, compound 4o showed preference for the kappa receptor, whereas compound 4n retained high activity toward mu receptor. These results suggest that this approach enables modulation of opioid receptor selectivity through simple structural modifications.
Analgesics are essential therapeutic tools for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. However, classical opioids, particularly mu-opioid receptor agonists, present important limitations related to respiratory depression, tolerance, dependence, and abuse potential. Consequently, there is increasing interest in developing new analgesics with diverse chemical structures and differentiated pharmacological profiles, able to maintain efficacy while improving safety. In this context, the present project focused on the design and synthesis of new derivatives inspired by fentanyl, a potent and structurally simple synthetic opioid. The design strategy was based on bioisosteric modifications intended to alter the interaction profile with opioid receptors. Specifically, key structural elements of fentanyl were modified to generate piperazine and homopiperazine derivatives with reduced lipophilicity, a stereogenic center, and new potential molecular interactions. The compounds were synthesized through a three-component Ugi multicomponent reaction and characterized by NMR and HPLC-MS. Preliminary functional evaluation of three derivatives against mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors revealed differentiated pharmacological profiles. Notably, compound 4o showed preference for the kappa receptor, whereas compound 4n retained high activity toward mu receptor. These results suggest that this approach enables modulation of opioid receptor selectivity through simple structural modifications.
Direction
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Antihypertensive treatments in Galicia
Authorship
F.D.P.S.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
F.D.P.S.P.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
This study analyzed antihypertensive drug consumption in Galicia between 2019 and 2025, examining temporal trends, the proportion of consumption by therapeutic group, and consumption variability across different Galician districts, as well as the relationship between consumption and variables such as aging, population density, and income. Data from SERGAS and the IGE were used for this purpose, alongside bibliographic resources to review the context of arterial hypertension. Antihypertensive consumption was high, showing steady, gradual growth throughout the study period. The most frequently used therapeutic groups were ACE inhibitors and ARBs, consistent with reference clinical guidelines. Significant geographical heterogeneity in consumption was observed, driven primarily by the aging of the population in each district; while population density and income initially appeared strongly linked to consumption levels, this association was subsequently found to stem from the relationship these variables share with aging itself. Consequently, this study highlights the importance of age in determining antihypertensive consumption patterns and underscores the need to assess correlations with other variables that may act as confounders.
This study analyzed antihypertensive drug consumption in Galicia between 2019 and 2025, examining temporal trends, the proportion of consumption by therapeutic group, and consumption variability across different Galician districts, as well as the relationship between consumption and variables such as aging, population density, and income. Data from SERGAS and the IGE were used for this purpose, alongside bibliographic resources to review the context of arterial hypertension. Antihypertensive consumption was high, showing steady, gradual growth throughout the study period. The most frequently used therapeutic groups were ACE inhibitors and ARBs, consistent with reference clinical guidelines. Significant geographical heterogeneity in consumption was observed, driven primarily by the aging of the population in each district; while population density and income initially appeared strongly linked to consumption levels, this association was subsequently found to stem from the relationship these variables share with aging itself. Consequently, this study highlights the importance of age in determining antihypertensive consumption patterns and underscores the need to assess correlations with other variables that may act as confounders.
Direction
TORRES LABANDEIRA, SANTIAGO (Tutorships)
TORRES LABANDEIRA, SANTIAGO (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Development of a 3D glioblastoma model by 3D bioprinting to evaluate drug efficacy
Authorship
N.S.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
N.S.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
This final-year project develops a three-dimensional model of glioblastoma multiforme using 3D bioprinting to evaluate the efficacy of anti-tumour drugs. This approach overcomes the limitations of two-dimensional models and traditional in vivo models, which fail to adequately reproduce the complexity of the human tumour microenvironment. To this end, a bio-ink was prepared combining decellularized porcine brain tissue, methacrylate gelatin (GelMA) and glioblastoma tumour cells (U87). GelMA acts as a scaffold and facilitates the bioprinting of the decellularized brain tissue. The methodology integrates the process of brain tissue decellularization and the characterisation of this biomaterial, the fabrication and characterisation of GelMA, the optimisation of bioprinting conditions, and the evaluation of cell proliferation and cell morphology in the bioprinted hydrogels. Furthermore, the pharmacological response to thermozolamide is also studied. All these results were compared with cells cultured in type I collagen hydrogels. The results demonstrate greater tumour fidelity in the brain matrix compared with the collagen controls. The importance of the extracellular matrix in therapeutic resistance is highlighted, and this 3D model is validated as a preclinical tool for drug screening in glioblastoma.
This final-year project develops a three-dimensional model of glioblastoma multiforme using 3D bioprinting to evaluate the efficacy of anti-tumour drugs. This approach overcomes the limitations of two-dimensional models and traditional in vivo models, which fail to adequately reproduce the complexity of the human tumour microenvironment. To this end, a bio-ink was prepared combining decellularized porcine brain tissue, methacrylate gelatin (GelMA) and glioblastoma tumour cells (U87). GelMA acts as a scaffold and facilitates the bioprinting of the decellularized brain tissue. The methodology integrates the process of brain tissue decellularization and the characterisation of this biomaterial, the fabrication and characterisation of GelMA, the optimisation of bioprinting conditions, and the evaluation of cell proliferation and cell morphology in the bioprinted hydrogels. Furthermore, the pharmacological response to thermozolamide is also studied. All these results were compared with cells cultured in type I collagen hydrogels. The results demonstrate greater tumour fidelity in the brain matrix compared with the collagen controls. The importance of the extracellular matrix in therapeutic resistance is highlighted, and this 3D model is validated as a preclinical tool for drug screening in glioblastoma.
Direction
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
ALVAREZ LORENZO, CARMEN ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Recreational medicines: Health and social impact
Authorship
L.S.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.S.M.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
The recreational use and misuse of prescription medicines has increased exponentially amongst young people, driven by their accessibility and the false perception that legal medicines are safe. This paper analyses this issue and the crucial role of the pharmacist in its prevention. The findings highlight the misuse of benzodiazepines and pregabalin (preferred for its linear bioavailability compared to gabapentin) to activate dopaminergic reward pathways or synergistically enhance the effects of opioids, thereby increasing the risk of fatal respiratory depression. Furthermore, there has been a surge in the use of sildenafil among young people without erectile dysfunction to enhance sexual performance, as well as the use of anabolic androgenic steroids due to aesthetic pressures. The analysis shows that, unlike benzodiazepines, there is a lack of defined protocols for monitoring gabapentinoids, sildenafil and anabolic steroids. It is concluded that it is essential to transform the role of community pharmacies towards active clinical intervention. This transformation must be based on the structured pharmaceutical interview, health education and the use of strategic tools to identify when a patient transitions from clinical to recreational use.
The recreational use and misuse of prescription medicines has increased exponentially amongst young people, driven by their accessibility and the false perception that legal medicines are safe. This paper analyses this issue and the crucial role of the pharmacist in its prevention. The findings highlight the misuse of benzodiazepines and pregabalin (preferred for its linear bioavailability compared to gabapentin) to activate dopaminergic reward pathways or synergistically enhance the effects of opioids, thereby increasing the risk of fatal respiratory depression. Furthermore, there has been a surge in the use of sildenafil among young people without erectile dysfunction to enhance sexual performance, as well as the use of anabolic androgenic steroids due to aesthetic pressures. The analysis shows that, unlike benzodiazepines, there is a lack of defined protocols for monitoring gabapentinoids, sildenafil and anabolic steroids. It is concluded that it is essential to transform the role of community pharmacies towards active clinical intervention. This transformation must be based on the structured pharmaceutical interview, health education and the use of strategic tools to identify when a patient transitions from clinical to recreational use.
Direction
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Tutorships)
GIL LONGO, JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Beyond erectile dysfunction: uses of sildenafil in various pathologies.
Authorship
A.S.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.S.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Sildenafil is a selective inhibitor of the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), approved in 1998 for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, although its development was initially oriented towards cardiovascular pathology. Its mechanism of action is based on the potentiation of the NO/cGMP pathway and the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, making it a strong candidate for drug repurposing. This work is a narrative bibliographic review that critically analyses the scientific evidence on the emerging uses of sildenafil, through searches of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, covering studies published between 2010-2025. In pulmonary arterial hypertension it presents the most consolidated indication, with regulatory approval and robust clinical trials. In the fields of neonatology, neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases there are promising but heterogeneous results, whereas in oncology, nephroprotection and male fertility it has a solid mechanistic basis but insufficient clinical evidence. For all these reasons, sildenafil represents an important example of modern pharmacological repurposing, whose consolidation in other indications will depend on the availability of well- designed phase III clinical trials.
Sildenafil is a selective inhibitor of the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), approved in 1998 for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, although its development was initially oriented towards cardiovascular pathology. Its mechanism of action is based on the potentiation of the NO/cGMP pathway and the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, making it a strong candidate for drug repurposing. This work is a narrative bibliographic review that critically analyses the scientific evidence on the emerging uses of sildenafil, through searches of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, covering studies published between 2010-2025. In pulmonary arterial hypertension it presents the most consolidated indication, with regulatory approval and robust clinical trials. In the fields of neonatology, neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases there are promising but heterogeneous results, whereas in oncology, nephroprotection and male fertility it has a solid mechanistic basis but insufficient clinical evidence. For all these reasons, sildenafil represents an important example of modern pharmacological repurposing, whose consolidation in other indications will depend on the availability of well- designed phase III clinical trials.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
Advanced Therapies in Oncology: from translational research to clinical practice
Authorship
P.D.S.A.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
P.D.S.A.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Advanced therapy medicines are innovative biological products based on genes, cells or tissues that imply a paradigm shift by enabling a personalized approach to medicine. These therapies don´t merely seek to alleviate symptoms; rather, they focus on addressing the underlying cause of the disease. In the clinical setting, these new approaches address the treatment of diseases with unmet medical needs, such as degenerative diseases, genetic disorders or cancer. They can overcome some of the drawbacks of conventional treatments, including chemotherapy, by acting selectively on tumor cells. This review focuses on studying the current landscape in the field of advanced therapies, covering the types and features of already approved and developing advanced therapies, discussing the challenges related to clinical research, their approval process, and funding, as well as the strategies available to address these obstacles.
Advanced therapy medicines are innovative biological products based on genes, cells or tissues that imply a paradigm shift by enabling a personalized approach to medicine. These therapies don´t merely seek to alleviate symptoms; rather, they focus on addressing the underlying cause of the disease. In the clinical setting, these new approaches address the treatment of diseases with unmet medical needs, such as degenerative diseases, genetic disorders or cancer. They can overcome some of the drawbacks of conventional treatments, including chemotherapy, by acting selectively on tumor cells. This review focuses on studying the current landscape in the field of advanced therapies, covering the types and features of already approved and developing advanced therapies, discussing the challenges related to clinical research, their approval process, and funding, as well as the strategies available to address these obstacles.
Direction
LOZA GARCIA, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
LOZA GARCIA, MARIA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
RODRIGUEZ BERNALDO DE QUIROS, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
FIDALGO PEREZ, MIGUEL ANGEL (Secretary)
CARBALLES VAZQUEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Zinc and Neurological Diseases
Authorship
M.S.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.S.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Zinc is an essential trace element that plays a part in numerous biological processes thanks to its catalytic, structural and regulatory functions. In the central nervous system, it plays a key role in neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The regulation of its intracellular concentration is a dynamic equilibrium controlled by transporter proteins of the ZIP and ZnT families and by metallothioneins. Disruption of this equilibrium promotes the onset of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neuronal damage, processes implicated in the development of various neurological diseases. Scientific evidence suggests that the loss of zinc homeostasis contributes to the development and progression of conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy and ischaemic stroke, by disrupting neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity and cellular antioxidant mechanisms. Taken together, the studies analysed demonstrate that maintaining adequate zinc homeostasis is essential for preserving neuronal function and suggest that modulating the mechanisms responsible for its regulation could constitute a promising therapeutic strategy against various neurological diseases.
Zinc is an essential trace element that plays a part in numerous biological processes thanks to its catalytic, structural and regulatory functions. In the central nervous system, it plays a key role in neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The regulation of its intracellular concentration is a dynamic equilibrium controlled by transporter proteins of the ZIP and ZnT families and by metallothioneins. Disruption of this equilibrium promotes the onset of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neuronal damage, processes implicated in the development of various neurological diseases. Scientific evidence suggests that the loss of zinc homeostasis contributes to the development and progression of conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy and ischaemic stroke, by disrupting neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity and cellular antioxidant mechanisms. Taken together, the studies analysed demonstrate that maintaining adequate zinc homeostasis is essential for preserving neuronal function and suggest that modulating the mechanisms responsible for its regulation could constitute a promising therapeutic strategy against various neurological diseases.
Direction
SÁNCHEZ GONZÁLEZ, Mª ÁNGELES (Tutorships)
SÁNCHEZ GONZÁLEZ, Mª ÁNGELES (Tutorships)
Court
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
SANCHEZ BARREIRO, ALEJANDRO (Chairman)
GOMEZ COUSO, HIPOLITO (Secretary)
GARCIA TASENDE, MARIA SOLEDAD (Member)
Relation between gut microbiota and autoimmune diseases. Etiology, mechanisms and posible therapies.
Authorship
J.T.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
J.T.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Autoimmune diseases constitute a heterogeneous group of chronic pathologies characterized by the loss of immunological self-tolerance. Although genetic predisposition plays a fundamental role in their development, the increase in their incidence highlights the importance of environmental factors, including the gut microbiota. The objective of this study was to analyze the scientific evidence on the relationship between the gut microbiota and autoimmune diseases and to delve into the causes and mechanisms that promote their onset, as well as therapies focused on microbiota modulation. The results confirm a correlation between the two, indicating that the gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining the immune system and identifying dysbiosis as a cause or exacerbating factor in a set of interrelated mechanisms that culminate in a systemic inflammatory response, which facilitates the loss of immunological self-tolerance and the development of autoimmune diseases. Therapies targeting the gut microbiota show promising results, although higher quality clinical studies are still needed to clarify their effectiveness, so they are currently a good option as an adjunct treatment to immunomodulators.
Autoimmune diseases constitute a heterogeneous group of chronic pathologies characterized by the loss of immunological self-tolerance. Although genetic predisposition plays a fundamental role in their development, the increase in their incidence highlights the importance of environmental factors, including the gut microbiota. The objective of this study was to analyze the scientific evidence on the relationship between the gut microbiota and autoimmune diseases and to delve into the causes and mechanisms that promote their onset, as well as therapies focused on microbiota modulation. The results confirm a correlation between the two, indicating that the gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining the immune system and identifying dysbiosis as a cause or exacerbating factor in a set of interrelated mechanisms that culminate in a systemic inflammatory response, which facilitates the loss of immunological self-tolerance and the development of autoimmune diseases. Therapies targeting the gut microbiota show promising results, although higher quality clinical studies are still needed to clarify their effectiveness, so they are currently a good option as an adjunct treatment to immunomodulators.
Direction
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Tutorships)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Tutorships)
Court
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
CRUZ LANDEIRA, ANGELINES (Chairman)
LUCIO MARTINEZ, MARIA DE FATIMA (Secretary)
ROMERO BUJAN, MARIA INMACULADA (Member)
Impact of long-term benzodiazepine use on cognitive functions: review of the scientific evidence
Authorship
P.T.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
P.T.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are among the most prescribed psychotropic drugs for the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and other psychiatric disorders. Their prolonged use persists despite recommendations to limit their administration as much as possible, due to tolerance and dependence. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of chronic benzodiazepine use on cognitive decline through a narrative review of the recent scientific literature, between 2021 and 2026. Through two bibliographic searches in PubMed, 15 articles were selected. These assessed the relationship between prolonged benzodiazepine use and cognitive decline, dementia, specific domains of cognitive function, and neuroimaging markers. The available data showed heterogeneous evidence. The most consistent association was observed between benzodiazepine use and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), with executive function, episodic memory, and processing speed being the most affected domains. In contrast, the relationship with dementia was weak, or even absent, after adjustment for confounding factors. Age, baseline cognition, duration of exposure, and drug half-life were identified as risk modifiers, with a more aggressive profile for long half-life benzodiazepines. Discontinuation of this treatment was associated with a relative improvement in cognitive functions, although residual deficits may persist. In conclusion, the evidence suggests a complex and multifactorial relationship between long-term benzodiazepine use and cognitive decline, so higher-quality prospective studies are needed to clarify the true magnitude of the risk.
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are among the most prescribed psychotropic drugs for the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and other psychiatric disorders. Their prolonged use persists despite recommendations to limit their administration as much as possible, due to tolerance and dependence. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of chronic benzodiazepine use on cognitive decline through a narrative review of the recent scientific literature, between 2021 and 2026. Through two bibliographic searches in PubMed, 15 articles were selected. These assessed the relationship between prolonged benzodiazepine use and cognitive decline, dementia, specific domains of cognitive function, and neuroimaging markers. The available data showed heterogeneous evidence. The most consistent association was observed between benzodiazepine use and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), with executive function, episodic memory, and processing speed being the most affected domains. In contrast, the relationship with dementia was weak, or even absent, after adjustment for confounding factors. Age, baseline cognition, duration of exposure, and drug half-life were identified as risk modifiers, with a more aggressive profile for long half-life benzodiazepines. Discontinuation of this treatment was associated with a relative improvement in cognitive functions, although residual deficits may persist. In conclusion, the evidence suggests a complex and multifactorial relationship between long-term benzodiazepine use and cognitive decline, so higher-quality prospective studies are needed to clarify the true magnitude of the risk.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Tutorships)
Court
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Chairman)
PEREZ-PARALLE MERA, MARIA DE LA LUZ (Secretary)
AMORIN LOPEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Development of PD-L1 ligands as anticancer drugs.
Authorship
M.T.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
M.T.G.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
This project describes the desing and synthesis of nine ligands derived from a biphenyl skeleton for cancer immunotherapy targeting PD-L1. The affinity of these new compounds against the therapeutic target was evaluated and their structure-activity relationship (SAR) was described.
This project describes the desing and synthesis of nine ligands derived from a biphenyl skeleton for cancer immunotherapy targeting PD-L1. The affinity of these new compounds against the therapeutic target was evaluated and their structure-activity relationship (SAR) was described.
Direction
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
SOTELO PEREZ, EDDY (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Development and Validation of an Online Questionnaire to Identify Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Associated with Antibiotic Prescribing in Pediatrics
Authorship
A.T.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.T.C.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance represents one of the major global public health challenges. In the pediatric setting, the frequent use of antibiotics combined with variability in prescribing criteria, requires the availability of tools to assess the factors influencing clinical practice and to guide strategies for optimizing their use. In this study, an online questionnaire aimed at primary care pediatricians was developed and validated to identify knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with antibiotic prescribing. A series of complementary methodologies were employed for this task, such as the Delphi method to validate clinical cases through the consensus of a 13-expert panel; focus groups with 25 participants to identify and select the proposed items; and a pilot study involving 47 primary care physicians to determine the questionnaire's reliability and feasibility using the test-retest method and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The results obtained enabled the development of a questionnaire comprising validated clinical cases and items representing knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding pediatric antibiotic prescribing. The pilot study demonstrated the questionnaire's appropriate comprehensibility and applicability, and the reliability analysis showed satisfactory agreement across most items. Overall, a valid and reliable questionnaire was developed to assess factors related to antibiotic prescribing in pediatrics. It is a useful and valuable tool for identifying areas for improvement and supporting the design of antimicrobial stewardship programs in primary care.
Antimicrobial resistance represents one of the major global public health challenges. In the pediatric setting, the frequent use of antibiotics combined with variability in prescribing criteria, requires the availability of tools to assess the factors influencing clinical practice and to guide strategies for optimizing their use. In this study, an online questionnaire aimed at primary care pediatricians was developed and validated to identify knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with antibiotic prescribing. A series of complementary methodologies were employed for this task, such as the Delphi method to validate clinical cases through the consensus of a 13-expert panel; focus groups with 25 participants to identify and select the proposed items; and a pilot study involving 47 primary care physicians to determine the questionnaire's reliability and feasibility using the test-retest method and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The results obtained enabled the development of a questionnaire comprising validated clinical cases and items representing knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding pediatric antibiotic prescribing. The pilot study demonstrated the questionnaire's appropriate comprehensibility and applicability, and the reliability analysis showed satisfactory agreement across most items. Overall, a valid and reliable questionnaire was developed to assess factors related to antibiotic prescribing in pediatrics. It is a useful and valuable tool for identifying areas for improvement and supporting the design of antimicrobial stewardship programs in primary care.
Direction
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
FIGUEIRAS GUZMAN, ADOLFO (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
Varela Calviño, Rubén (Secretary)
FONTENLA GIL, JOSE ANGEL (Member)
Synthesis of a metal-ceramic heterogenous catalyst through stereolithography and calcination.
Authorship
A.V.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.V.R.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
The production of heterogeneous catalysts through direct printing, although a somewhat underexplored area of chemistry, has multiple useful industrial applications. In this work, we aimed to produce prototypes of Pd metal-ceramic monoliths useful in C-C coupling reactions. For this, stereolithography (SLA) was used as the printing technique, which, combined with a series of subsequent modifications, allowed the creation of a final composite. The studies conducted on these pieces confirmed that they met the required specifications. These can be summarized as: robustness, recyclability, and proper catalytic activity. Additionally, it was concluded that the manufactured structures were useful in the field of drug synthesis.
The production of heterogeneous catalysts through direct printing, although a somewhat underexplored area of chemistry, has multiple useful industrial applications. In this work, we aimed to produce prototypes of Pd metal-ceramic monoliths useful in C-C coupling reactions. For this, stereolithography (SLA) was used as the printing technique, which, combined with a series of subsequent modifications, allowed the creation of a final composite. The studies conducted on these pieces confirmed that they met the required specifications. These can be summarized as: robustness, recyclability, and proper catalytic activity. Additionally, it was concluded that the manufactured structures were useful in the field of drug synthesis.
Direction
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Tutorships)
Court
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Durán Carril, María Luz (Chairman)
GOMEZ TOURIÑO, IRIA MARIA (Secretary)
GOYANES GOYANES, ALVARO (Member)
Nutrition and supplementation in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Analysis of the scientific evidence
Authorship
A.V.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
A.V.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder that was first described several decades ago and remains a topic of considerable interest and controversy due to its complex patophysiology and the reproductive and metabolic risks associated with it. It affects a large number of women of reproductive age and is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation, with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and anovulation being among its most common features. This literature review analyzes the current scientific evidence regarding the role of nutrition, dietary interventions, and supplements with the strongest evidence and greatest therapeutic interest are vitamin D, inositol and probiotics. Furthermore, the dietary approaches that have shown the greatest benefits are those aimed at improving insulin sensitivity and metabolic and hormonal control. In conclusion, nutritional supplementation currently represents a useful therapeutic option in the management of PCOS, as it has demonstrated beneficial effects on several symptoms associated with the syndrome and is generally well accepted by patients. However, further research involving additional clinical trials is required to gain deeper insight into issue and to establish safer and more consensual recommendations.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder that was first described several decades ago and remains a topic of considerable interest and controversy due to its complex patophysiology and the reproductive and metabolic risks associated with it. It affects a large number of women of reproductive age and is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation, with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and anovulation being among its most common features. This literature review analyzes the current scientific evidence regarding the role of nutrition, dietary interventions, and supplements with the strongest evidence and greatest therapeutic interest are vitamin D, inositol and probiotics. Furthermore, the dietary approaches that have shown the greatest benefits are those aimed at improving insulin sensitivity and metabolic and hormonal control. In conclusion, nutritional supplementation currently represents a useful therapeutic option in the management of PCOS, as it has demonstrated beneficial effects on several symptoms associated with the syndrome and is generally well accepted by patients. However, further research involving additional clinical trials is required to gain deeper insight into issue and to establish safer and more consensual recommendations.
Direction
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
BARBOSA PEREIRA, LETRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Coelho Cotón, Alberto José (Chairman)
PANIAGUA CRESPO, MARIA ESPERANZA (Secretary)
BUJAN NUÑEZ, MARIA CARMEN (Member)
Management and treatment of Homocystinuria type C
Authorship
L.V.T.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
L.V.T.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Homocystinuria type C is a multisystemic disorder with a low survival rate. Its treatment consists of intramuscular injections of hydroxocobalamin (HCb) to address the ophthalmic, vascular, and neurological symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design a specific treatment for the ocular manifestation of the disease. This treatment consisted of using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) encapsulated in a thermosensitive hydrogel for topical-ocular administration. The NLC were prepared using the double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique, and their physicochemical and morphological characteristics were evaluated. For this, dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) was determined using the indirect method. On the other hand, three hydrogels were prepared, and the most suitable one was selected based on its pH and viscosity. Next, the final HA-NLC formulation was developed. The toxicity of the HA-NLC was evaluated using the HET-CAM and BCOP, yielding satisfactory results in both cases. Additionally, the in vitro release profile was determined, showing linear kinetics in the release. Using confocal microscopy, it was observed that the majority of the NLC penetrated at the epithelial level. The wettability and adhesion capacity of the formulation were also determined, and were adequate in both cases. Hence, the results allow this formulation to be considered a possible, specific, and minimally invasive treatment for the ocular symptoms of Homocystinuria type C.
Homocystinuria type C is a multisystemic disorder with a low survival rate. Its treatment consists of intramuscular injections of hydroxocobalamin (HCb) to address the ophthalmic, vascular, and neurological symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design a specific treatment for the ocular manifestation of the disease. This treatment consisted of using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) encapsulated in a thermosensitive hydrogel for topical-ocular administration. The NLC were prepared using the double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique, and their physicochemical and morphological characteristics were evaluated. For this, dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) was determined using the indirect method. On the other hand, three hydrogels were prepared, and the most suitable one was selected based on its pH and viscosity. Next, the final HA-NLC formulation was developed. The toxicity of the HA-NLC was evaluated using the HET-CAM and BCOP, yielding satisfactory results in both cases. Additionally, the in vitro release profile was determined, showing linear kinetics in the release. Using confocal microscopy, it was observed that the majority of the NLC penetrated at the epithelial level. The wettability and adhesion capacity of the formulation were also determined, and were adequate in both cases. Hence, the results allow this formulation to be considered a possible, specific, and minimally invasive treatment for the ocular symptoms of Homocystinuria type C.
Direction
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
OTERO ESPINAR, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
BARCIELA ALONSO, Ma CARMEN (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ PEREZ, ANA ISABEL (Secretary)
Miguel Bouzas, María Trinidad de (Member)
Systematic review on the impact of social networks on energy drinks consumption in adolescents and young adults.
Authorship
C.V.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
C.V.B.
Degree in Pharmacy (2nd edition)
Defense date
07.16.2026 09:00
07.16.2026 09:00
Summary
Introduction: Energy drinks are non-alcoholic, sugary beverages with high levels of caffeine and sugar. Their consumption can lead to health problems, both physical and mental. Brands use various marketing strategies, particularly social media, the primary platform for adolescents and young adults. Objectives: To study the existing information on how social media affects energy drink consumption among adolescents and young adults. Materials and methods: A systematic review was conducted after searching the PubMed database up to October 19, 2025, following the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Studies were selected according to pre-established criteria, and data were extracted and analyzed. Results: Of the 218 studies retrieved, 15 were included. These studies were located in Australia, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Saudi Arabia. Seven of the studies were analyses of digital content on social media, five were based on surveys, and four were literature reviews. The most frequently used marketing strategies were peer influence, using celebrities on social media, and extreme experiences and adventures. Regulations governing energy drink advertising focus on children under 11, leaving adolescents and young adults vulnerable. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that social media use affects energy drink consumption among adolescents and young adults. There is a lack of research and regulation in this area in Europe.
Introduction: Energy drinks are non-alcoholic, sugary beverages with high levels of caffeine and sugar. Their consumption can lead to health problems, both physical and mental. Brands use various marketing strategies, particularly social media, the primary platform for adolescents and young adults. Objectives: To study the existing information on how social media affects energy drink consumption among adolescents and young adults. Materials and methods: A systematic review was conducted after searching the PubMed database up to October 19, 2025, following the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Studies were selected according to pre-established criteria, and data were extracted and analyzed. Results: Of the 218 studies retrieved, 15 were included. These studies were located in Australia, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Saudi Arabia. Seven of the studies were analyses of digital content on social media, five were based on surveys, and four were literature reviews. The most frequently used marketing strategies were peer influence, using celebrities on social media, and extreme experiences and adventures. Regulations governing energy drink advertising focus on children under 11, leaving adolescents and young adults vulnerable. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that social media use affects energy drink consumption among adolescents and young adults. There is a lack of research and regulation in this area in Europe.
Direction
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Tutorships)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Tutorships)
Court
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)
AMIGO VAZQUEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER (Chairman)
TOVAR CARRO, SULAY AMPARO (Secretary)
Domínguez González, María Raquel (Member)